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1

A Healthy Environmental Evaluation Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Polyethylene Oxide Against Some Bacteria Isolated from Azo Dyes

Abdulazeem Lubna, Ali Zainab Haider, Muttaleb Wurood Hamza, Kzar Mazin H., Naje Ahmed Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

27--34

EN

The maintenance of the human body, including any actions that may be taken to keep it free from disease and intoxication and to facilitate access to treatment, are all part of good health. Having a wide variety of molecular weights, polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a hydrophilic, uncrosslinked, nonlinear system polymer. It’s made from ethylene oxide, which has a lot of advantages for medicine administration and antimicrobial purposes. Polyethylene oxide bactericidal activity at different PEO concentrations value (80, 40, 20 and 10 μg/ml) against five isolates of Bacillus cereus isolated and identification from azo dye is investigated in this work (random selection from total isolates). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each isolate were calculated, and PEO’s antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion test. 85 Bacillus cereus isolates were collected from total azo dyes, PEO has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect against tested bacteria, with an inverse connection between inhibitory zone diameter and PEO concentration, also even exceeds the activity of some drugs. The MICs of PEO ranged from 10 to 20 μg/ml, with MBCs ranging from 20 to 80 μg/ml. In other trials, PEO was shown to be strongly attached to bacterial cells, which might explain its effect on bacterial inhibitory growth and their invasion. At an appropriate concentration, PEO significantly inhibited bacterial growth. To avoid the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, it is strongly recommended that PEO be used as a cost-effective antibacterial agent, particularly when mixed with deys used at home or in enterprises.

2

Polyethylene Oxide and their Antibacterial Effects Against some Pathogenic Bacteria

Abbas Abtisam Jasim, Al-Alaq Farah Tareq, Abdulazee Lubna, Naje Ahmed Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

26--31

EN

Poly ethylene oxide is an uncrosslinked, non-ionic linear hydrophilic polymer with a variety of molecular weights. PEO is used to make it, and it offers a number of beneficial qualities for medication delivery and antibacterial uses. The antibacterial activity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) at various concentrations as (80, 40, 20, 10 g/ml) against bacteria in Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Lactobacillus sp. and Gram-negative Enterobacter bugandensis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia was investigated in this study. The disk diffusion experiment was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of PEO, as well as each isolate’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). PEO is shown to have strong broad-spectrum antibacterial action against the bacteria studied, that inhibition zone increase their width inversely proportional to PEO concentration, and has even outpaced the efficacy of certain medicines. PEO had MICs ranging from 10 to 20 g/ml, as well as MBCs of 20 to 80 g/ml. In additional studies, PEO was discovered to be strongly associated with the cell of bacteria, which contributed to its inhibitory impact on bacterial invasion and growth. PEO at an appropriate dose effectively decreased bacterial growth. PEO is highly recommended as a cost-effective antibacterial treatment, Specifically, ectopic infection treatment without the risk of bacterial strains becoming antibiotic-resistant.

3

Electrospinning of Chitosan Biopolymer and Polyethylene Oxide Blends

Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra, Savest Natalja, Baltušnikaitė-Guzaitienė Julija, Abraitienė Aušra, Krumme Andres

Autex Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 4

426--440

EN

The objective of this study is to investigate the morphological (scanning electron microscopicy images), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), and electrical (conductivity) properties and to carry out compositional analysis (Fourier-transform infrared) of produced nonwoven fibrous materials adapted in biomedical applications as scaffolds. The orientation of produced nanofilaments was also investigated because it is considered as one of the essential features of a perfect tissue scaffold. Viscosity and electrical conductivity of solutions, used in the manufacturing process, were also disassembled because these properties highly influence the morphological properties of produced nanofibers. The nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated via conventional electrospinning technique from biopolymer, synthetic polymer, and their blends. The chitosan (CS) was chosen as biopolymer and polyethylene oxide (PEO) of low molecular weight as synthetic polymer. Solutions from pure CS were unspinnable: beads instead of nanofibers were formed via spinning. The fabrication of pure PEO nanomats from solutions of 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% concentrations (in distilled water) turned out to be successful. The blending of composed CS solutions with PEO ones in ratios of 1:1 optimized the parameters of electrospinning process and provided the opportunity to fabricate CS/PEO blends nanofibers. The concentration of acetic acid (AA) used to dissolve CS finely spuninned the nanofibers from blended solutions and influenced the rate of crystallization of manufactured fiber mats. The concentration of PEO in solutions as well as viscosity of solutions also influenced the diameter and orientation of formed nanofibers. The beadless, highly oriented, and defect-free nanofibers from CS/PEO solutions with the highest concentration of PEO were successfully electrospinned. By varying the concentrations of AA and low molecular weight PEO, it is possible to fabricate beadless and highly oriented nanofiber scaffolds, which freely can found a place in medical applications.

4

Preparation and characterization of PEO-based composite gel-polymer electrolytes complexed with lithium trifluoro methane sulfonate

Nagajothi A. J., Kannan R., Rajashabala S.

Materials Science Poland

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2018

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Vol. 36, No. 2

185--192

EN

Chitosan has been successfully incorporated as a filler in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) matrix with a combination of plasticizers, namely 1,3-dioxolane (DIOX) and tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME). The composite gel-polymer electrolyte (CGPE) membranes were prepared by solution casting technique in an argon atmosphere. The prepared membranes were subjected to SEM, TG/DTA and FT-IR analyses. A Li/CGPE/Li symmetric cell was assembled and the variation of interfacial resistance was measured as a function of time. The lithium transference number (Li+t) was measured and the value was calculated as 0.6 which is sufficient for battery applications. The electrochemical stability window of the sample was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and the polymer electrolyte was found to be stable up to 5.2 V.

5

Influence of inorganic additives on morphology of electrospun fibres

Dobrzański L. A., Adamiak M., Karoń M., Nieradka B.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 68, nr 2

64--71

EN

Purpose: This paper describes the effect of inorganic additives and operating parameters of an electrospinning process on electrospun fiber diameters and morphology. Design/methodology/approach: Application of different solvents and process parameters impact characteristics of the micro and nanofibers made of PEO and also PVA with CuOAc. Findings: The results show that the three parameters (volumetric charge density, distance from nozzle to collector, and viscosity) have the most significant effect on the electrospun fiber morphology. The nano- and microfibers produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as with use of image analyzing tool DigitalMicrograph. Changes in length of stream and volatility of the solvent influence the shape of the fibres and internal solution load. The resulting fibre shape shows that for shorter distances the process was unstable, and the morphology of the filaments from a longer distance shows the gradual stabilization and indicates optimal process parameters. Practical implications: Based on the research carried out it is clear that micro and nanofiber characteristics vary widely depending on prepared solutions and process parameters. Originality/value: It was confirmed that inorganic additives, solvent type and process parameters have an effect on morphological aspects of produced micro and nanofibres.

6

Research on adsorptive and electrokinetic properties of SiO2 in the presence of polyethylene oxide of different purities

Patkowski J., Chibowski S.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2011

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Vol. 47

275-284

EN

The influence of impurities present in polymer solutions on adsorptive and electrokinetic properties of PEO 100 000 with commercial silica was analysed. Adsorption was measured with a spectrophotometric method and zeta potential with a zetasizer. A XRF method was used to estimate the quality and quantity of impurities in polyethylene oxide solutions. Impurities left after the polymerisation process, present in polymer solutions can adsorb competitively with macromolecules of the polymer. As a result of that, they block active centres on the surface of the adsorbent thus leaving less surface available for polymer molecules. Purification process is conducted in order to improve the quality of analysed polymer material. Polyethylene oxides used in the presented research were purified by filtration process and fractionation on chromatographic column. Overall, three different samples of PEO were used: commercial of high quality, filtrated and fractionated. Results show that adsorption of polyethylene oxide of high purity is independent on pH of the solution. Adsorption isotherms of fractionated and analytical-grade polymer are sharp, which indicates their low polydispersity ratio. An adsorption amount of analysed polymers is dependent only on the amount of impurities present in polymer material. Zeta potential measurements show, that polyethylene oxide always increases zeta potential of silica.

PL

Zbadano wpływ zanieczyszczeń obecnych w materiale polimeru na adsorpcyjne i elektrokinetyczne właściwości PEO 100 000 na komercyjnej krzemionce. Adsorpcję badano przy pomocy metody spektrofotometrycznej, potencjał zeta przy pomocy zetasizera. Metodą XRF ustalono stężenie oraz jakość zanieczyszczeń w badanych roztworach polimerów.Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że adsorpcja tlenku polietylenu o wysokiej czystości jest niezależna od pH roztworu. Izotermy adsorpcji PEO frakcjonowanego oraz o wysokiej czystości są ostre, co wskazuje na ich niski stopień polidyspersyjności. Ilość zaadsorbowanego polimeru jest zależna tylko od ilości zanieczyszczeń obecnych w materiale polimeru. Pomiary potencjału zeta wskazują, że obecność tlenku polietylenu zawsze zwiększa potencjał zeta krzemionki.

7

A research on stability of SiO2 in the presence of polyethylene oxide of different purities

Chibowski St., Patkowski J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2007

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Vol. 41

177-184

EN

The influence of impurities present in polymer solutions on stability of the suspension of PEO 100 000 with commercial silica was analysed. Stability was measured indirectly, with absorbance measurements of silica and polyethylene oxide suspensions. A XRF method was used to estimate the quality and quantity of impurities in polyethylene oxide solutions. Impurities left after the polymerisation process, present in polymer solutions can adsorb competitively with macromolecules of the polymer. As a result of that, they block active centres on the surface of the adsorbent thus leaving less surface available for polymer molecules. Purification process is conducted in order to improve the quality of analysed polymer material. Polyethylene oxides used in the presented research were purified by filtration process and fractionation on chromatographic column. Overall, four different samples of PEO were used: commercial of low quality, commercial of high quality, filtrated and fractionated. The stability of silica is greatly influenced by the presence of polymer of different purities. Silica without adsorbed polymer is stable in the whole period of analysis. An addition of polymer firstly stabilises the suspension but after some time the suspension is suddenly destabilised. The times of stabilisation and destabilisation of the suspensions are different for polymer samples of different purities. It is greatly dependent on the content of impurities and polydispersity index of a polymer.

PL

Badano wpływ zanieczyszczeń występujących w roztworach polimerów na stabilność suspensji komercyjnej krzemionki w obecności PEO 100 000. Stabilność suspensji mierzono pośrednio, poprzez określanie wielkości absorbancji badanej suspensji krzemionki i tlenku polietylenu. Ilość oraz jakość zanieczyszczeń obecnych w roztworach polimerów określono przy pomocy badania metodą XRF. Zanieczyszczenia obecne w roztworach polimerów będące pozostałością po procesie polimeryzacji, mogą adsorbować się konkurencyjnie z makrocząsteczkami polimeru. W wyniku tego, blokują miejsca adsorpcyjne na powierzchni adsorbentu pozostawiając mniejszą ilość miejsca dostępnego dla makrocząsteczek polimeru. Proces oczyszczania polimeru został przeprowadzony w celu poprawy jakości analizowanego polimeru. Tlenek polietylenu użyty w przedstawianych badaniach został oczyszczony w procesie filtrowania na membranach oraz frakcjonowania na kolumnie chromatograficznej. Użyto czterech próbek polimeru o różnym stopniu czystości i polidyspersyjności: komercyjny o niskiej jakości, komercyjny o wysokiej jakości, filtrowany oraz frakcjonowany. Obecność zanieczyszczeń w materiale polimeru w zdecydowany sposób wpływa na stabilność układu krzemionka/roztwór polimeru. Krzemionka bez dodatku polimeru jest stabilna w całym badanym zakresie czasu. Dodatek polimeru początkowo stabilizuje suspensję, która po pewnym czasie jest dość gwałtownie destabilizowana. Czas stabilizacji oraz destabilizacji suspensji jest różny dla próbek polimeru o różnej czystości. Dowodzi to faktu, że stabilność takiego układu wyraźnie zależy od zawartości zanieczyszczeń jak również od stopnia polidyspersyjności polimeru.

8

Effect of polyethylene oxide on properties of bentonite foundry mixtures

Mäsiar H., Kasala J., Kaloforov N.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 7, iss. 1

69-72

EN

Very small quantities of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with molecular weight of 600,000 exhibit a non-additive effect of increased permeability that is higher in higher compaction energies (19.62 J). Increased permeability has been proven at such small PEO quantities as 0.0365 %-wt., 0.073 %-wt., and 0.1 %-wt. The above mentioned very small PEO quantities result in slightly increased bondability. It is estimated that PEO effect will find application in metal casting at lower melting temperatures.

9

Nowe termowrażliwe reaktywne polietery oparte na glicydolu

Dworak A., Trzebicka B., Wałach W., Utrata A.

Polimery

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2003

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T. 48, nr 7-8

484-489

PL

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie dotychczasowych prac Autorów nad wykorzystaniem glicydolu (2,3-epoksypropano-lu-1) do otrzymania reaktywnych amfifilowych polieterów charakteryzujących się w roztworach wodnych dolną krytyczną temperaturą rozpuszczalności (LCST). Omówiono syntezy liniowych i grzebieniowych homopolimerów glicydolu. Przedstawiono dwie metody syntezy takich polimerów o regulowanym stosunku fragmentów hydrofilowych do fragmentów hydrofobowych. Pierwsza z nich polega na estryfikacji homo-polimeru glicydolu bezwodnikiem octowym i prowadzi do bezładnych termowrażliwych kopolimerów glicydolu z octanem glicydolu. Druga opiera się na uzyskiwaniu w procesie anionowej żyjącej kopolimeryzacji kopolimerów triblokowych zawierających centralny hydrofilowy blok poli(tlenku etylenu) (PEOX) i dwa boczne hydrofobowe bloki poli(acetalu glicydolu) (PAG1). W dwóch szeregach kopolimerów blokowych różniących się masami molowymi poszczególnych bloków zbadano wpływ stosunku EOX/AG1 na wartość Tc (temperatury zmętnienia roztworu) tych termowrażliwych produktów.

EN

The article summarizes the present research works of authors on application of glycidol [(2,3-epoxypropanol-1), see equation (1)] to obtain the reactive amphiphilic polyethers showing the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solutions. The conditions of the syntheses of linear and comb- like glycidol homopolymers; [equations (2)-(5)] have been discussed. Two basic methods of the synthesis of the polymers with controlled ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments were presented. The first one is an esterification of glycidol homopolymer with acetic anhydride [equation (7)] and leads to random thermo-sensitive copolymers of glycidol with glycidol acetate (Table 2). The other method let obtain, in the process of anionic living copolymerization, triblock copolymers containing the central hydrophilic block of polyethylene oxide (PEOX) and two hydrophobic side blocks of polyglycidol acetal (PAGI) [equation (8), Table 3]. The effect of EOX/AGI ratio on LCST value (Fig. 1) of these thermo-sensitive products was investigated for two series of block copolymers differing with molar masses of particular blocks.