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1

A Mini-Review on Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications

Al-Musawy Wafaa Kh., Al-Furaiji Mustafa H., Aljumaily Mustafa Mohammed, Rashid Khalid T., Salih Hussein G., Alsalhy Qusay F., Majdi Hasan Sh., Figoli Alberto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

287--301

EN

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology that has been extensively studied in the last decade as an efficient method for desalination and water treatment. FO presents many benefits over traditional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and distillation. Nevertheless, there are many decisive challenges; the great significance one is the new modification and advances in the preparation of the TFC membranes that must be achieved to enhance the FO performance. Therefore, preparing a suitable TFC membrane with a low structural parameter, low tortuosity, and high porosity are preferred in preparing the TFC membranes to get higher water flux and lower salt flux. This paper reviewed the recent development and advances in using TFC hollow fiber membranes in FO applications. Within that, the most widely applied monomers to prepare the thin polyamide layer (PA) in TFC membranes and the additives that are added during the preparation of the PA layer and their effect on the performance of the TFC membranes have been discussed. Moreover, an effort is made to generate a TFC membrane properties and performance trend according to the results of the water permeate flux and reverse salt flux of the modified TFC FO membranes and the future perspectives and concluding remarks on the FO membrane are evaluated.

2

Investigations of Adhesive Properties of Polyamide Modified with Friction Reducing Agents

Anasiewicz Kamil, Kuczmaszewski Józef

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 1

113--121

EN

Polyamide is a material used in various industrial sectors. In moving connections, in order to reduce friction between elements made of polyamide, lubrication is used or other substances reducing friction are added, such as molybdenum disulfide. It can be hypothesised that improving the sliding properties of polyamide will adversely affect polyamide’s ability to form effective adhesive bonds. An interesting question is whether a possible unfavourable change in adhesive properties of such modified polyamide will significantly influence the strength of adhesive bonds of this material. This paper analyses the adhesive properties of polyamide with respect to the strength of adhesive bonds. In order to verify the hypothesis, comparative tests of tensile shear strength of bonded doubleoverlap samples were carried out. Tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D3528. Samples were prepared using Polyamide PA6, PA6 – MoS2, PA6G + oil and EN AW 2024 aluminium alloy. The following technologies were used to prepare the surface prior to bonding: plasma, sol-gel and abrasive jet machining. The summary of the article indicates that adding friction reducing agents to polyamide does not significantly affect the deterioration of its adhesive properties. Samples prepared with sandblasting achieved form 81.8% up to 114% higher shear strength than samples prepared with plasma and sol-gel treatments, disregard of added friction reducing agents to the adhered polyamide material. It is also interesting information of a utility character. A general conclusion can be formulated that the appropriate preparation of the polyamide surface, regardless of its material modification with friction reducing agents, in the technologies analysed, particularly by sandblasting, can ensure satisfactory results of joining the polyamide by adhesive bonding.

3

Effect of Water Absorption on Tribological Properties of Thermoplastics Matrix Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibres

Walczak Mariusz, Szala Mirosław, Pieniak Daniel

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

232--239

EN

The present work investigated the water absorption of thermoplastic matrix composites and their effect on tribological behaviour. Four thermoplastic composites were researched based on Polyamide 6 and Polyamide 66 matrix reinforced with glass fibres. The composites fabricated using the injection moulding technique were immersed in distilled water at room temperature for a water absorption test for 14 days. Dry sliding wear was conducted using a pin-on-disc trbiotester. The coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear rate (K) was determined. The sliding trace was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the sliding wear mechanism of composites. Studies have shown that polyamide PA6 based composites are less prone to absorb water than PA66 matrix. In addition, the composites richer in fibreglass exhibit lower water absorption. Tribological results indicated that polymer composites showed higher COF and K after water absorption testing. Mean COF and K were in the range of 0.071÷0.321 and 2.51∙10-6÷1.81∙10-4 mm3N-1m-1, respectively. Wear traces SEM analysis revealed that untreated samples are characterized by less intense abrasive and adhesive wear mode than the hydrated polymers. Besides, the degradation process took place primarily at the polymer matrix-fibreglass interfaces.

4

Application of thermal analysis methods in researches of polyamide, coal fuels and their composites

Kijo-Kleczkowska Agnieszka, Gnatowski Adam, Szumera Magdalena, Kwiatkowski Dariusz

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2020

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Vol. 22, nr 1

6--9

EN

This paper presents an analysis of DSC/TG/DTG thermal studies for PA6 polyamide, coal fuels and polyamide composites with these materials. The test results are aimed at comparing the thermal effects and behavior of these materials under high temperature conditions and are the basics to know of the creation and use of polymer composites with various coal fillers.

5

Permethrin Application on Polyamide and Polyamide-Polypropylene Knitted Fabrics

Wyrębska Łucja, Szuster Lucjan, Masłowska-Lipowicz Iwona, Ławińska Katarzyna, Jagiełło Jolanta

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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Vol. 28, no. 4 (142)

72--75

EN

Innovative textile materials with insecticidal and repellent properties can be used in many areas of the textile industry (sportswear, children’s thermoactive clothing, combat uniforms, tents, sleeping bags, mosquito nets, protective clothing for foresters and hunters etc.). In this study, the chemical treatment of polyamide (PA) and polyamide-polypropylene (PA/PP) knitwear with permethrin, a third generation insecticide from influenza synthetic pyrethroids, which is toxic to insects but harmless to humans, was undertaken (Sanitized AM®23-24 preparation was used). In addition to the active substance, the bath contained a cross-linking agent (Appretan®N92111) and softening agent (Solusoft®FE). The content of active substance in the textile product after the application process was examined in dependence on the concentration of the preparation in the bath. When using the right concentration of permethrin and auxiliaries, the fabrics after washing 20 times still showed an effective concentration of insecticide.

PL

Innowacyjne materiały włókiennicze o właściwościach insektycydowych i repelentnych mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach przemysłu włókienniczego (odzież sportowa, dziecięca, termoaktywna, umundurowania bojowe, namioty, śpiwory, moskitiery, odzież ochronna dla leśników i myśliwych). Przeprowadzono chemiczną obróbkę dzianin poliamidowych (PA) i poliamidowo-polipropylenowych (PA/PP) permetryną, insektycydem trzeciej generacji z grypy syntetycznych pyretroidów, toksycznym dla owadów i nieszkodliwym dla człowieka (zastosowano preparat Sanitized®AM 23-24). Kąpiel oprócz substancji czynnej zawierała środek sieciujący (Appretan®N92111) oraz środek zmiękczający (Solusoft®FE). Zbadano zawartość substancji czynnej w wyrobie włókienniczym po procesie aplikacji w zależności od stężenia preparatu w kąpieli. Przy zastosowaniu odpowiedniego stężenia permetryny i środków pomocniczych badane tkaniny, po 20-sto krotnym praniu nadal wykazywały pożądane ilości środka insektycydowego.

6

Nanocomposites Based on Polyamide and Montmorillonite Obtained from a Solution

Krasinskyi Volodymyr, Suberlyak Oleh, Kochubei Viktoria, Jachowicz Tomasz, Dulebova Ludmila, Zemke Viktoria

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 3

192--198

EN

This work deals with the development of a method for obtaining polyamide and montmorillonite based nanocomposite, which was modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone by mixing in a formic acid solution. The structure and thermophysical properties of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by means of the X-ray, differentialthermal, thermogravimetric and IR spectroscopic analyses. It was found that nanomodified polycaproamide has a higher crystallinity and higher thermal stability than the original PA-6, and is characterized by considerably higher melt fluidity. The presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and exfoliated montmorillonite in the nanocomposite structure was confirmed experimentally.

7

Thermophysiological Comfort Properties of Polyamide Pantyhose

Tomovska Elena, Hes Lubos

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 5 (137)

53--58

EN

In this paper, the thermophysiological characteristics of low weight knitted polyamide and polyamide/elastane fabrics for pantyhose differing in terms of filament count were studied. Alambeta and Permetest devices were used to measure the thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, evaporative resistance and relative water vapour permeability. The results indicated that fabrics made of finer filaments have lower thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity and evaporative resistance values.

PL

W pracy zbadano właściwości komfortu termofizjologicznego rajstop poliamidowych, a także wpływ dodatku elstanu do struktury wyrobu. Przebadano 42 rodzaje rajstop. Przy zastosowaniu urządzeń Alambeta i Permetest dokonano pomiarów przewodności cieplnej, oporu cieplnego, absorpcji termicznej, odporności na parowanie i względnej przepuszczalności pary wodnej. Stwierdzono, że dodatek elastanu nieznacznie zmniejsza przewodność cieplną. Wszystkie badane wyroby wykazywały bardzo wysoką względną przepuszczalność pary wodnej i miały niską odporność na parowanie. Wysokie wartości względnej przepuszczalności pary wodnej są wskaźnikiem dobrego komfortu termofizjologicznego. Rajstopy są podstawą garderoby, jednak niska cena tych artykułów odzieżowych często oznacza, że ich właściwości są rzadko optymalizowane. Ponieważ komfort termofizjologiczny jest tylko jednym z czynników przyczyniających się do ogólnego komfortu, dalsze badania właściwości komfortu i estetyki mogą w przyszłości pomóc ulepszyć ten produkt.

8

Advances in carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-based composite materials

Kausar A.

Advances in Materials Science

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2019

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Vol. 19, nr 4(62)

67--82

EN

Carbon fiber has been used to reinforce both aliphatic and aromatic polyamides. Aliphatic polyamide is known as nylon and aromatic polyamide is often referred to as aramid. Among aliphatic polyamides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, and polyamide 1010 have been used as matrices for carbon fiber. Factors affecting the properties of polyamide/carbon fiber composites are: fiber amount, fiber length, fiber orientation, matrix viscosity, matrix-fiber interactions, matrix-fiber adhesion, and conditions encountered during manufacturing processes. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on polyamide/carbon fiber composites. Polyamide/carbon fiber composites are lightweight and exhibit high strength, modulus, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, gear, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and thermal stability. Incorporation of oxidized or modified carbon fiber and nanoparticle modified carbon fiber into polyamide matrices have been found to further enhance their physical properties. Applications of polyamide/carbon fiber composites in aerospace, automobile, construction, and other industries have been stated in this review. To fully exploit potential of polyamide/carbon fiber composites, concentrated future attempts are needed in this field.

9

Badania wpływu obciążeń cyklicznych na zmiany właściwości termomechanicznych poliamidu

Kula M., Gnatowski A., Bajdur W., Ščurek R.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 2

263--266

PL

Badano próbki poliamidu 6.10. Tworzywo do badań wybrano ze względu na to, że jest ono stosowane na elementy konstrukcyjne często poddawane obciążeniom cyklicznym podczas użytkowania. Przedstawiono wyniki badań charakterystyk odkształceniowo-naprężeniowych uzyskanych w próbie cyklicznego rozciągania-ściskania przy założeniu całkowitego odkształcenia granicznego w przedziale od -0,3 do 0,3%. Rejestrowano zależność pomiędzy naprężeniem rozciągającym i wydłużeniem próbki po 1 i po 3000 cykli obciążenia z częstotliwością 1 Hz, uzyskując pętle histerezy. Przeprowadzono badania DMTA w celu oceny zmian dynamicznych właściwości mechanicznych. Dodatkowo zbadano właściwości termiczne metodą DSC.

EN

The samples of polyamide 6.10 were subjected to strains by stretching-compression and by bending at temps. in the range from -140°C to 140°C. The tests were conducted for single cycle and multiple cycles, for previously loaded as well as unloaded samples. Dynamic anal. method and differential scanning calorimetry were used to det. values of mech. lossiness factors and degrees of crystallinity, resp. Cyclic loads of polyamide samples resulted in a decrease in the value of its mech. lossiness factors and degree of crystallinity.

10

Effect of small additives of polyamide modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite on polypropylene technological properties and heat resistance

Krasinskyi Volodymyr, Suberlyak Oleh, Kochubei Viktoria, Klym Yurii, Zemke Viktoria, Jachowicz Tomasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 2

83--88

EN

The effect of small polyamide additives modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite on polypropylene technological properties and heat resistance has been researched in the work. It has been determined that the melt flow index of the obtained composites increases by more than 2 times in comparing with pure PP. It has been shown that adding a small amount of polyamide modified by montmorillonite-polyvinylprolidone mixture to polypropylene significantly increases heat resistance of the material. The displacement of the beginning of thermal-oxidation destruction and burning samples into the range of higher temperatures on 114-123oC, dependently on the modified polyamide content has been observed.

11

Development of an Electrospun Nanofibrous Web with Hyaluronic Acid

Milašius R., Ryklin D., Yasinskaya N., Yeutushenka A., Ragaišiene A., Rukuižiene Ž., Mikučioniene D.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2017

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Vol. 25, no. 5 (125)

8--12

EN

Textile materials with an electrospun nanofibrous web can be used fo ar wide range of applications, including medicine and health care. In this research, polyamide-6 and hyaluronic acid were used for the development of a nanofibrous web via electrospinning. Hyaluronic acid is one of the most interesting ingredients used in skin care. It is very important that the electrospun polyamide-6 nanofibrous structure binds nanoparticles of hyaluronic acid not covering the surface of these particles. The main goal of this work was to develop an electrospun nanofibrous polyamide-6 web with hyaluronic acid which can be used for health care and/or cosmetology A. polyamide-6 nanofibrous web with hyaluronic acid was successfully developed via electrospinning. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the nanoweb was confirmed after web treatment with hot (95%) water. Hyaluronic acid was transported from the spinning solution to the electrospun web, was not isolated from the environment by polyamide-6, and could interact with human skin.

PL

Materiały tekstylne z elektroprzędzionym runem znajdują szeroki zakres zastosowań w produkcji materiałów do zastosowań medycznych. W pracy wytworzono za pomocą elektroprzędzenia runo z poliamidu 6 i kwasu hialuronowego. Kwas hialuronowy jest jednym z najbardziej obiecujących składników stosowanych w pielęgnacji skóry. Istotne jest, aby struktura nanowłókna poliamidowego wiązała nanocząsteczki kwasu hialuronowego, nie pokrywając powierzchni tych cząstek. Głównym celem pracy było opracowanie runa poliamidowego z kwasem hialuronowym, które może być zastosowane w wyrobach medycznych i/lub kosmetologii.

12

Influence of additive manufacturing technology on mechanical properties of glass-filled fine polyamide PA3200GF

Bajerski P., Pęcherski R. B.

Engineering Transactions

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2017

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Vol. 65, iss. 1

155--161

EN

Additive manufacturing is a very fast developing field of research and many parts with complicated geometry are now made using 3D printing. The injection molding, casting, milling and other processes have some limitations and low volume of production makes these processes quite expensive. 3D printing allows to fabricate parts with enough mechanical strength and without looking at the above mentioned limitations. Nowadays, designers are able to fabricate prototypes with not only optimized but also complex shape. Unfortunately, the parts made from thermoplastic materials by means of 3D technique have lower mechanical strength in comparison to the parts made by using injection molding process. The orientation of layers, thickness of a layer, porosity, and process parameters have a big influence on mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. In this paper, the experimental results from the static tensile tests, the compression tests and the dynamic three-point bending test are presented. The tests were performed for different orientations of printing specimens. It was shown that to assess the mechanical properties of printing parts (made by using selective laser sintering (SLS) technique)our own measurements need to be obtained. The available catalogue data are not sufficient for further investigations like in the finite element (FE) analyses.

13

Effect of UV Irradiation on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Natural and Synthetic Fabric Before and After Nano-Tio2 Padding

Wiener J., Chládová A., Shahidi S., Peterová L.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 4

370--378

EN

In this study, the effect of UV irradiation on mechanical properties of both natural and synthetic fabrics is investigated. Also the UV degradation of fabrics before and after TiO2 padding is studied. Cotton is used as natural fabric, and polyester, polypropylene, and polyamide were used as synthetic fabrics. After deposition with TiO2, prepared samples were irradiated by different dosage of UV light and the changes in fiber surface and the adhesion of nanoparticles is tested. The scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyses of Ti, and other methods were used. In some cases, the effect of stabilization of nanoparticles on fibers by UV light was realized. Reasons of this stabilization are the surface changes of polymer fibers-increase in surface roughness and oxidation of surface.

14

Thermomechanical properties of polyamide 6 with addition of fly ash from biomass

Gnatowski A., Chyra M.

Acta Innovations

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2017

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no. 25

38--46

EN

Modification of polymer materials by various kinds of fillers is presently applied very often in massive production. This is due to the need for materials with better properties and lower prices for parts. One of the newest solutions is the filling of polymers with fly ash. This results in a change in products properties and reduction the amount of waste in the form of ashes. This article shows the results of investigations of thermomechanical properties of polyamide 6 modified by fly ash from the combustion of biomass. Comparative analysis of unfilled polyamide and polyamide composites with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of fly ash was performed. The specimens were obtained using injection moulding technology. The commercial name for the Polyamide 6 used in this study is TARNAMID T-27 and was manufactured by Zakłady Azotowe Tarnów. Fly ash manufactured by GDF Suez Energia Polska S.A. was applied as a filler. The investigations of mechanical properties were made using a harness by pressing ball method, impact strength by Charpy method and tensile strength. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), softening temperature by Vicat, and colour investigations were also performed. Pictures of microstructure were made.

15

Wtryskiwanie mikroporujące poliamidu 6.6

Sykutera D., Wajer Ł., Bieliński M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2016

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T. 22, Nr 5 (173)

477--484

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była modyfikacja struktury niewzmocnionego oraz wzmocnionego włóknem szklanym poliamidu 6.6 z litej na komórkową, poprzez mikroporowanie fizyczne z użyciem azotu w stanie nadkrytycznym metodą MuCell®. Zbadano wpływ parametrów procesu wtryskiwania mikroporującego na właściwości fizyczne otrzymanych wyprasek. Dodatkowo, za pomocą czujników ciśnienia i temperatury umieszczonych w gnieździe formy wtryskowej, zarejestrowano zmiany ciśnienia w gnieździe formy wtryskowej, podczas realizacji poszczególnych faz cyklu wtryskiwania. Uzyskane wyniki odniesiono do właściwości wyprasek wykonanych z tych samych materiałów, w warunkach standardowego wtryskiwania.

EN

The aim of this research was to modify the solid structure of the non-reinforced and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 into the porous structure. It was obtained by physical microcellular foaming process with supercritical nitrogen in MuCell® technology. The effect of microcellular foam injection molding process parameters on the physical properties of the moulded pieces was investigated. Additionally, pressure changes inside the mould cavity were registered during each stage of the injection moulding process. Data registration was enabled by pressure and temperature sensors placed inside the mould cavity. The results were compared to the properties of moulded pieces made of the same material and obtained in the standard injection moulding process.

16

Profile dyfuzji barwnika solwatochromowego w poliamidzie 6

Wróblewska E. K., Soroka J. A., Sawicka M. J., Rosłaniec Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 4

834--837

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dyfuzji wybranego barwnika solwatochromowego w poliamidzie 6. Badania przeprowadzono w trzech różnych temperaturach wcześniej zaproponowaną przez autorów metodą wyznaczania profili dyfuzji na podstawie mikroskopowych obrazów przekrojów granulek polimeru. Stwierdzono, że dyfuzję w badanym polimerze można scharakteryzować za pomocą jednego współczynnika dyfuzji, którego wartość wyliczono z równania wynikającego z II prawa dyfuzji Ficka, z wykorzystaniem funkcji erf.

EN

Com. polyamide grains were dyed at 66–86°C for 192 h with 5-(5-nitro-6-hydroxynaphtholane-2)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolyl[1,2-a]quinolinium dye to det. the diffusion coeffs. The dyed grains were sliced and studied by light microscopy for dye diffusion profiles. The results were approximated math.

17

Graphene as the Disperse Phase in the Polyamide Matrix

Makuch A., Bajkowski M., Trzaska M., Skalski K.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2016

|

Vol. 40, No. 2

89--100

EN

This paper presents the results of investigations into the development of a new composite material with polyamide matrix and multilayer graphene as the disperse phase. Consolidation of the new material was preceded by the selection of appropriate parameters of the proces of preparation of powders (elements of composite material). Mechanical and structural properties of the new composite in form of PA-G strips were assessed at the microstructural level using nanoindentation test, optical techniques (3D microscope), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the tests showed that adopted technologies of production allow to obtain material with improved mechanical properties and homogeneous deployment of strengthening phase in the soft polyamide matrix. These features allow to apply new material in special constructions, especially in regard to load-bearing elements of small arms, butt and additional equipment.

18

Wpływ docisku płyt grzejnych i zawartości proszku wolframu na grubość taśm kompozytowych poliamid-wolfram

Kania P., Makuch A., Bajkowski M.

Inżynieria Powierzchni

|

2016

|

Nr 4

23--29

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wstępne wyniki badań nad opracowaniem nowego materiału kompozytowego z osnową poliamidową i proszkiem wolframu jako fazą dyspersyjną. Konsolidacja nowego materiału została poprzedzona doborem odpowiednich parametrów procesu przygotowania składników materiału kompozytowego. Zbadano wpływ wartości docisku płyt grzejnych (siły ściskającej i nacisku jednostkowego) oraz objętościowego udziału procentowego proszku wolframu WPC w nowym proszku kompozytowym o poliamidowej osnowie na średnią grubość próbki taśmy kompozytowej. Właściwości strukturalne nowego kompozytu w postaci taśm PA-W zostały poddane ocenie na poziomie mikrostrukturalnym z wykorzystaniem badań optycznych.

EN

The paper presents the preliminary results of research on the development of a new composite material with polyamide matrix and tungsten powder as the disperse phase. The consolidation of the new material was preceded by the selection of appropriate parameters of the preparation process of the composite material components. The influence of the pressure value of the heating panels (compression force and unit pressure) and of the volumetric percentage part of WPC tungsten powder in the new composite powder with polyamide matrix on the average thickness of the composite tape sample was examined. The structural properties of the new composite in the form of PA-W tapes were assessed at the level of the microstructure with the use of optical studies.

19

Influence of processing parameters on properties of polyamide filled with glass balls

Gnatowski A., Chyra M.

Acta Innovations

|

2016

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no. 20

5--12

EN

Comparative analysis of thermomechanical properties of polyamide and polyamide composites with addition of 30% of glass balls was performed. The specimens were obtained using the injection moulding technology by means of KraussMaffei KM65-160C1 injection moulding machine. The non-filled polyamide and part of components were injected using the parameters recommended by the manufacturer. A reduced value of mould cooling temperature was used for the other non-filled specimens. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness testing, impact strength testing, bending resistance and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were also performed.

20

Właściwości mechaniczne wyrobów wytworzonych technologią FDM z poliamidu

Mydłowska K., Tartakowski Z.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

|

2015

|

T. 21, Nr 6 (168)

467-472

PL

Modelowanie uplastycznionym tworzywem (FDM) jest jedną z technologii szybkiego prototypowania i wytwarzania pozwalającą na uzyskanie wyrobów bezpośrednio na podstawie jego trójwymiarowego modelu. Przy wykorzystaniu materiałów z tworzyw sztucznych o dużej wytrzymałości możliwe jest wykonywanie części zastępczych, prototypów funkcjonalnych lub gotowych wyrobów bez konieczności stosowania dodatkowego oprzyrządowania i obróbki wykańczającej. Do tworzyw termoplastycznych o dobrych właściwościach wytrzymałościowych zaliczyć można poliamidy. W artykule przedstawiono porównanie właściwości mechanicznych wyrobów wykonanych technologią FDM z 3 różnych poliamidów. Analizowano wpływ stopnia wypełnienia oraz grubości warstw zewnętrznych na badane właściwości.

EN

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of rapid prototyping and manufacturing technique allowing to obtain a product directly from the three-dimensional model of the product. With the use of plastic materials with high tensile properties is possible to make replacement parts, functional prototypes or finished products without the use of additional equipment and finishing machines. The thermoplastic materials having good mechanical properties can include polyamides. The paper presents a comparison of the mechanical properties of articles produced by the FDM technique of 3 different polyamide. There was analyzed the influence of filling and the thickness of the outer layers on the tested properties.