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1

Evaluation of heavy metals pollution in recent sediments of Zoubia Wadi, W-Skikda (NE of Algeria)

Boukoffa Mechati, Boucenna Fatih, Lamouri Bachir, Bouabsa Lakhdar

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 1

53--67

EN

This study aims to evaluate the level of metallic pollution in the recent sediments of the Zoubia area (Aïn Kechera) in north-east of Algeria. The method used for this assessment involves sediments sampling and the determination of heavy metal concentrations. The study estimated the level of metallic pollution in the sediments by calculating several pollution indexes, including the contamination factor (CF), the enrichment factor (FE), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the individual ecological risk index (), the potential ecological risk (RI) and statistical analysis of the data. The study monitored seven trace metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The results indicate an enrichment of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in all samples. However, Ni, Co, and Cr levels are below those of the continental crust (background). The geo-accumulation index values for Co, Ni, and Cr are negative in all samples. On the other hand, positive geo-accumulation index values were observed for Cd, Pb, Zn, and some Cu samples (B1, B2, B3, and B4) with individual ecological risks of less than 40 for Cd, (94.48–119.21) for Zn, and (80.23– 135.4) for Cu, respectively. This indicates low risk for Cd and high risk for Zn and Cu. The results indicate that Pb poses a significant ecological risk (537.4–842.05) and may have adverse effects on human health. The most significant pollutants, in order of increasing risk, are Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd.

2

Using Heavy Metals Pollution Indices for Assessment of Tigris River Water within Al-Tarmiya City, Northern Baghdad, Iraq

Majeed Osama S., Ibraheem Aqeel Khaleel

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

113--123

EN

The objectives of the study were to (1) identify and measure the concentration of five toxic elements in the Tigris water, (2) determine the threat of these metals in water by various pollution indices such as pollution index (PI) as single index, metal index (MI) as integrated index, and potential ecological risk index (PERI) to assess the ecological risk. The results of this study showed that PI values for most elements were at nonaffected levels, except for Pb and Al metals, which were within slight and moderate levels, respectively. Whereas MI values indicate that all sites fall within a threshold of warning level. For the contamination factor, the values mostly lie in the low contamination level, except Al lies within the moderate range, which led to an increase in the contamination degree. For risk assessment, the values of ecological risk factors for all metals at all sites were within a low-risk level, less than 40. Also, the values of the ecological risk index in all sites were at a low-risk level, recorded at 17.70, 22.92, 22.62, and 21.79 in sites 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We can conclude that the decrease in the levels of Er led to a decrease in the levels of PERI and vice versa.

3

Geochemistry of the Heavy Metals in the Tansrift Mine (Atlas of Beni Mellal, Morocco) – A Pollution Assessment

Ouahzizi Youssef, Charroud Mohamed, Ali Abdelkhiar Ait, Choukrad Jaouad, El Azzab Driss

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

253--263

EN

The Tansrift mine is an open-pit exploitation mine that mines copper substances. It is located on the southwestern flank of the Beni Mellal Atlas, 9 km Northeast of Ouaouizaght village. The mining activity delivered about 650 000 t of 1.5% Cu, with an estimated reserve of 1 Mt to 1.32% Cu. In this study, seven hazardous heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Ni) have been studied in the tailing and exploitation of the Tansrift mining district. The geochemical analysis contents of the metals were measured in the samples collected from this area. In addition, the pollution indexes, including the geo-accumulation index, the enrichment factor, the contamination factor, and the pollution load index, were used to assess pollution levels caused by those heavy metals. The Igeo index revealed a high to extreme copper contamination with a value above 4. As for the contamination factor, extreme and moderate contamination is shown by the copper and chrome in the totality of the exploitation and tailing areas. Moreover, the pollution load index shows very high pollution in all samples. The climatic conditions are also affecting the pollution of the atmosphere by contaminated dust and the water table and watershed by the contamination from the tailings and mineralized structures.

4

Heavy Metals Analysis and Quality Evaluation in Drinking Groundwater around an Abandoned Mine Area of Ouichane (Nador’s Province, Morocco)

Moubchir Tarik, Eloutassi Noureddine, Bendaoud Ahmed, Belkhiri Abdelkhalek, Maai Mohamed, Moubchir Majida, Zahir Ilham

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

118--127

EN

The eventual polluting of the Ouichane region’s groundwater by heavy metals around an abandoned iron mine was investigated. To reach this aim, the research began with a questionnaire survey to assess local people’s use of and appreciation for well and spring water, followed by measurement of spatial pollution load of heavy metals: Al, Ag, Fe, Cd, As, Cr, Co, Zn, Pb and Cu for water samples collected from twelve wells and three spring drinks of water using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP). Determining the overall quality of spring and well water for human use was also performed by calculating the heavy metal pollution index (HPI). As result, the survey revealed that 44.90% of the households are not connected to the drinking water network, 97.3% of them use well water, which is highly appreciated, and 88.1% of the population consider its quality to be good to excellent. Meanwhile, the ICP analysis showed that all the water samples contain heavy metals. In fact, the maximum concentrations (expressed in 10-5 g/l) recorded per element were 9.7 for (Ag), 15 for (Al), 6.9 for (As), 4.5 for (Cd), 5.6 for (Co), 31 for (Cr), 14 for (Cu), 858 for (Fe), 7 for (Pb) and 2.9*10-5 g/l for (Zn). Moreover, most of the water samples recorded heavy metal values above World Health Organization (WHO) limits, for at least one metal among the ten tested, with high concentrations of iron observed in all samples. The HPI values for the three explored sources (S1, S2 and S3) and for 8 out of 12 wells (P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9 and P10) exceed the critical pollution value and identify non-potable water with a high potential of contamination. Consequently, the results of this study raise the question about groundwater around this abandoned mining area, especially in the long term, the use of groundwater could increase because of the succession of years of drought on Moroccan territory and hence may constitute a significant health risk for most of the inhabitants.

5

Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Spoil Heaps of Ain Aouda Mine (Taza, Morocco)

Assabar Narmine, Lahmidi Ikram, Jabrane Raouf

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

224--231

EN

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination in the spoil heaps of the former Ain Aouda mine (Taza). In this regard, solid samples of the study area were sampled. The set of analyses carried out have detected the presence of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) that remain in these metal discharges. The calculation of contamination/pollution indices: the Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Index (IP) were used to predict the extent of heavy metal contamination. The results of this study suggest that the spoil heaps reveal polymetallic contaminations allowing the trace metal elements to be classified in the following order Zn ˃ Pb ˃ As ˃ Cu > Ni. Knowing well that the alteration and erosion of this stock of mine waste could contribute to the degradation of the natural environment by these elements that are present.

6

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination Using Pollution Index, Geo-Accumulation Index, and Potential Ecological Risk Index in Agricultural Soil – A Case Study in the Coastal Area of Doukkala (Morocco)

Zaakour Fatna, Kholaiq Mariame, Khouchlaa Aya, El Mjiri Ikram, Rahimi Abdelmejid, Saber Najib

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

38--44

EN

Studies assessing the environmental risks related to metal pollution in agricultural soils are lacking in the coastal area of Doukkala, with is one of Morocco’s most agricultural regions. To overcome the shortcomings of such studies, trace element (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) analyses were carried out at four sampling points in agricultural surface soils, a total of sixty-six surface soil samples were raised with an auger at a depth of (0–20 cm) from the study area. This study examined the classification and levels of heavy metals in agricultural soil and applied the pollution score and ecological risk index to the Doukkala coastal area (Morocco). This study used pollution indicators, a geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk indices to examine the distribution and quantity of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the coastal region of Doukkala (Morocco). This study provides significant information for policymakers and environmental specialists to quantify soil contamination in the coastal area of Doukkala (Morocco).

7

Ecological Risk Assessment for Occurrence of Toxic Elements in Various Land Use Types in Vietnamese Mekong Delta Province

Nhien Huynh Thi Hong, Mi Le Thi Diem, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

121--130

EN

A total of 316 soil samples in the An Giang province were collected from the industrial zone (48 samples), mining (40 samples), farming (112 samples), landfills (88 samples) and cemeteries (28 a samples) to analyze toxic elements, including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollutant load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess pollution levels and ecological risks. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were almost still within the allowable limits of national standards. Cd was not detected. Heavy metals were detected in the soil in the following order: As < Pb < Cu < Zn, mining < industrial < landfill < cultivation < cemetery areas. The heavy metals contributing to soil environmental variability were similarly identified in the cemetery with industry and landfill with farming. The value of Igeo shows that As has a high potential to accumulate in soil in all land uses. The ranges of PLI values presented that the soil in industrial, farming, mining and landfills areas were classified moderate, while the cemetery areas has been rated at a high level. The RI values identified very high, high, and moderate ecological risks for cemetery, industrial and farming land and landfill, mining, respectively. The combination of PLI and RI indices showed that the cemetery areas were at the highest levels of pollution and risk. The results of this study provide scientific information on pollution level and ecological risks in various land use types supporting environmental zoning and managing strategies in the An Giang province.

8

Actual Status Assessment and Prediction of the Musi River Water Quality, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Rahutami Syntia, Said Muhammad, Ibrahim Eddy, Herpandi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

68--79

EN

Water pollution in rivers is still a crucial problem for the countries that use river water as the primary water source. This study aimed to determine the water quality of the Musi river and the content of heavy metals in water, sediment and mussels as well as to predict the water quality of the Musi river in the next five years. The water samples were taken from 18 stations (sampling points) from upstream to downstream to be checked physically, chemically and biologically. Prediction of the river water quality was made using the QUAL2Kw software. The research results show that the Musi River water is categorized as lightly polluted with concentrations of TSS and DO that have passed the threshold. The heavy metals in river water, such as Pb and Cr have also passed the quality standard. The Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations are pretty high in the sediment. In turn, in mussels, the metals measured were Fe, Cu, and Zn. The prediction results reveal that several values of the river quality parameters will pass the threshold value with the same pattern tendency from each station.

9

A Water Quality Evaluation of Integrated Mangrove Aquaculture System for Water Treatment in Super-Intensive White Leg Shrimp Pond

Mahmudi Mohammad, Musa Muhammad, Bunga Alamanda, Wati Nur Azlina, Arsad Sulastri, Lusiana Evellin Dewi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

287--296

EN

White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is known as a prime aquacultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the rapid growth of shrimp farming has resulted in widespread destruction of coastal ecosystems, including mangrove swamps. Intensification of shrimp culture has led to many other environmental problems. Integration of mangroves into aquaculture systems (IMAS) should be considered as a way to preserve the mangrove ecosystem as well as sustainability of the aquaculture business by treating the influent and effluent water. This study aimed to assess the benefits of integrating mangroves into shrimp aquaculture, in terms of water quality. The results showed that temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrite levels in the water significantly differed between sample sites. PCA analysis indicates that total organic matter (TOM), nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia were the principal factors in the overall water quality of the ponds. The highest pollution index was found in the super-intensive shrimp ponds ('moderately polluted'), while the other sites, including the mangrove area, were categorized as 'lightly polluted'. These findings suggest that the presence of mangroves may improve the quality of aquaculture wastewater, but the pollution index may still not reach the 'good' category. It is therefore recommended that a wastewater treatment plant be installed to support the integrated aquaculture system.

10

Physico-chemical and biological water quality of Warna and Pengilon Lakes, Dieng, Central Java

Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih, Addadiyah Nurul Layalil, Hariyati Riche, Jumari Jumari

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

38--49

EN

Warna and Pengilon Lakes are very close to each other and connected with the sill, a famous tourist destination in the Dieng Plateau Java. Land-use changes are the main problem that affected the lakes. The conversion of forest into an agricultural area had induced erosion and increased the volume of nutrients discharged to the lake due to high use of fertilisers in potatoes farms. In the dry seasons, water from those lakes was pumped to irrigate agricultural land. This study aimed to determine the water quality of Warna and Pengilon Lakes based on physical, chemical parameters, and phytoplankton communities. Water samples were collected from 4 sites at each lake to analyse biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrogen (TN). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and conductivity (EC) were measured in-situ. During this research, turbidity and BOD in Warna and Pengilon Lakes exceeded the Indonesian water quality standard. Based on the STORET method, the water quality of Lake Warna was assessed as highly polluted for all classes. However, based on the pollution index (PI), Lake Warna was slightly to moderately polluted, as well as the saprobic index was in the β-mesosaprobic phase. Based on the species diversity index of phytoplankton, both Warna and Pengilon Lakes were moderately polluted. The long-term monitoring studies are necessary as an early warning sign of water quality degradation. Therefore, they provide insight into the overall ecological condition of the lake and can be used as a basis for developing suitable lake management.

11

Shallow Groundwater Pollution Index Around the Location of Griyo Mulyo Landfill (Jabon Landfill) in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Tangahu Bieby Voijant, Kartika Anak Agung Gde, Sambodho Kriyo, Marendra Sheilla Megagupita Putri, Arliyani Isni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

199--210

EN

The leachate coming from the landfill is a serious problem. This is because the leachate water can contaminate the wells of the residents around the landfill. This research was conducted at Jabon Landfill located in Jabon District of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Jabon Landfill has been operating since 2003 with a controlled landfill system that has triggered environmental risks due to the leachate output. The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of the shallow groundwater quality status based on the pollution index (PI) around Jabon Landfill at a distance of around 250 meters, 500 meters and 1,000 meters from the landfill. The pollution index was determined by analyzing the pollutant concentration consisting of these following parameters: pH, BOD, COD and Fe. The results of the analysis show that the pH parameter had a higher value than the pH at Jabon Landfill of 7.2–7.5. The pH at Jabon Landfill was 6.35. The Fe parameter shows that the value of 1.694 in the groundwater well closest to Jabon Landfill and the wells further away indicates that the Fe concentration was lower for the latter, namely 0.081 at a distance of up to 200 meters. On the basis of the Pollution Index, the highest value was 5.45 at Well 7 is located 196 m from Jabon Landfill. Meanwhile, the well furthest from Jabon Landfill at a distance of 1,000 m showed a lightly polluted status with a Pollution Index of 1.91. The further the location of the well away from Jabon Landfill, the Pollution Index value tended to decrease. This means that the pollution status generally improves. Overall, the pollution status of the 18 wells shows that 2 wells are moderately polluted, 15 wells are lightly polluted and 1 well is in good condition.

12

River water quality assessment in East Java, Indonesia

Novita Elida, Pradana Hendra A., Purnomo Bambang H., Puspitasari Amelia I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 47

135--141

EN

This study aims to assess the water quality and determine the pollution index of the Bedadung River in the urban-area segment of Jember Regency, East Java. The sampling in the urban segment of Jember was conducted in May 2019 at five different locations, namely Slamet Riyadi Street, Mastrip Street, Bengawan Solo Street, Sumatra Street, and Imam Bonjol Street. The pollution index assessment refers to the Decree of the State Minister for the Environment of Indonesia Republic number 115 of 2003. The analysis showed that the parameters of TDS, TSS, pH, COD, BOD, NH3-N, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, H2S, Cl–, SO4, oil and fats, MBAS, NO2-N, Fe, Pb, F, Cl2, NO3-N, phenol, and As did not exceed the quality standards. The parameters PO4, CN, total coliform, and faecal coliform were found to breach the quality standards at the 5 water sampling points. Total coliform and faecal coliform were the dominant pollutants in this segment. Therefore, the parameters of PO4, total coliform, and faecal coliform were considered as indicators of pollution arising from domestic and agricultural activities. The pollution index values for the five sampling locations ranged from 7.21 to 8.23. These scores indicate that the Bedadung River section that passes through the urban segment in Jember is classified as being in the moderately polluted category. This preliminary rapid assessment is therefore one of the considerations for the management of water quality in the Bedadung River section that passes through the urban area of Jember.

13

Heavy Metals in Soils from High Andean Zones and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Peru’s Central Andes

Mendoza Edith Orellana, Custodio María, Ascensión Julio, Bastos María Carolina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

108--119

EN

Soil is exposed to heavy metals that are associated with the anthropogenic activities, and is currently an environmental and food safety problem. The concentration and source of heavy metals in soils, the level of contamination and the potential for ecological risk in high Andean ecosystems were evaluated. The soil samples were collected from the surface part in which Andean crops were sown and the concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn was quantified. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils did not exceed the threshold of the national and international standard, while As, Pb and Zn exceeded the values of the background. The contamination factor (CF) values showed a high level of contamination for As and moderate for Pb and Zn. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values showed that As had the highest load of accumulated pollutants in soils by anthropogenic contribution. A moderate degree of contamination (CD) was found in 61.5% of the sampling sites. The potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that the soils of the study area presented a moderate to low potential ecological risk, and As was the main pollutant in high Andean soils. As, Pb and Zn occurring in high Andean soils mainly originated from human activities such as agricultural practices, whereas Fe mainly originated from the parent material of the soil. The effects of the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in and Andean agricultural products must be analyzed and verified to protect the health of the inhabitants and the environment.

14

Water Pollution Index of Batujai Reservoir, Central Lombok Regency-Indonesia

Rahim Abdul, Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

219--225

EN

Batujai reservoir is located in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. The government and local people use it for hydropower generation, drinking water, agricultural irrigation, fish farming, and tourism. The phenomenon of growing population and increasing industrial activities in the catchment area of Batujai reservoir always result in the discharge of various pollutants into the aquatic environment and cause the blooming of water hyacinth over almost 30% of the reservoir area. The aim of this study was to determine the water pollution index of Batujai reservoir. The samples were analysed for the following parameters: pH, temperature, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, and heavy metals. The research was done by using purposive sampling method and determination of water quality status with STORET method based on Government Regulation No. 82/2001. The measurement results show that the physical and chemical parameters of the Batujai reservoir water do not exceed the quality standard are the temperature (29 to 32°C); pH (6.6 to 7.5 mg/L); nitrate (0.421 to 0.546 mg/L); Cd (0.0005 to 0.005 mg/L); Cr (<0.001 to 0.018 mg/L); and the parameters that exceed quality standards are DO (3.8 to 4.9 mg/L); BOD (3.03 to 4.21 mg/L); COD (6.8 to 10.1 mg/L); phosphate (0.181 to 0.237 mg/L); and Pb (0.14 to 0.24 mg/L). The water quality status of Batujai reservoir was heavily polluted for standard quality on class I, II, III and moderately polluted for class IV.

15

Analiza efektywności usuwania zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków w oczyszczalni w Woli Dalszej k/Łańcuta

Koc-Jurczyk J., Jurczyk Ł.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2015

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T. 19

61--68

PL

Celem pracy była analiza efektywności oczyszczalni ścieków w Woli Dalszej k/Łańcuta. Ocenę efektywności oczyszczania ścieków oparto na wielkości redukcji wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń: BZT5, ChZT, azotu ogólnego i amonowego, fosforu ogólnego i zawiesiny ogólnej. Oczyszczalnia uzyskała bardzo dobre wyniki w oczyszczaniu ścieków, które zgodne są z dopuszczalnymi wartościami zawartymi w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska z dnia 18 listopada 2014 oraz z pozwoleniem wodnoprawnym.

EN

The aim of this study was an evaluation of functioning municipal wastewater treatment plant for Lancut town (Poland, subcarpathian province). The assessment of operational efficiency has been based on the reduction of chosen pollution indexes, such as: the BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and phosphorus in outflow. Studies carried out between 2004 and 2011 have revealed excellent treatment performance, which complies to local law regulations.

16

Wieloparametryczna ocena efektywności oczyszczalni ścieków w Rzeszowie przed modernizacją

Maj K., Masłoń A.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2015

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z. 62, nr 1

299--315

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest wieloparametryczna ocena efektywności oczyszczalni ścieków w Rzeszowie przed jej modernizacją. Miejska oczyszczalnia ścieków w Rzeszowie wybudowana w latach 1974-1988 była wielokrotnie modernizowana (1992-1998, 2001, 2003-2004, 2012-2013). Projektowana średniodobowa przepustowość wynosi Qdśr = 62 500 m3∙d-1, Qdmax = 75 000 m3∙d-1, a równoważna liczba mieszkańców 400000 RLM. Technologia oczyszczania ścieków zakłada mechaniczno-biologiczne oczyszczanie ścieków ze zintegrowanym usuwaniem substancji biogennych oparte na konwencjonalnym wielofazowym osadzie czynnym z denitryfikacją wyprzedzającą i nitryfikacją w układzie cyrkulacyjnym. Ciąg technologiczny obiektu stanowi krata schodkowa, piaskownik poziomy, osadnik wstępny, komora osadu czynnego oraz osadniki wtórne. Od stycznia 2011 do grudnia 2013 r. oczyszczalnia ścieków w Rzeszowie pracowała w zmiennych warunkach obciążeń hydraulicznych. Średni przepływ w analizowanym okresie wynosił 39 961 m3∙d-1. W latach 2011-2013 średnia efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków w oczyszczalni komunalnej w Rzeszowie wyniosła: BZT5 – 98,1 ± 1,05%, ChZTCr – 94,4 ± 2,34%, zawiesina ogólna – 97,5 ± 2,21%, azot ogólny – 76,4 ± 6,48%, fosfor ogólny – 94,1 ± 5,23%. W analizowanym okresie oczyszczalnia ścieków zapewniała właściwą skuteczność usuwania zanieczyszczeń względem wymagań określonych w pozwoleniu wodnoprawnym. Interpretacja efektywności oczyszczalni ścieków w odniesieniu do wymagań określonych w RMŚ dla obiektów o wielkość RLM ≥ 100000 wykazała liczne przekroczenia wartości dopuszczalnych. Wskazuje to na potrzebę modernizacji oczyszczalni przede wszystkim w zakresie usuwania związków biogennych. Modernizacja oczyszczalni ścieków przyczyni się do zmniejszenia odprowadzanego do środowiska wodnego ładunku zanieczyszczeń związków biogennych, ograniczenia ryzyka eutrofizacji wód odbiornika i w konsekwencji do poprawy jakości środowiska wodnego.

EN

The aim of the paper is multiparameter evaluation of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plant in Rzeszów before modernization. The Rzeszów WWTP was built between 1974-1988 and was modernized several times (1992-1998, 2001, 2003-2004, 2012-2013). The proposed average daily capacity is Qsrd = 62 500 m3∙d-1, Qdmax = 75 000 m3∙d-1 and 400000 PE. Wastewater technology involves mechanical-biological treatment of wastewater with integrated nutrient removal based on a conventional multistage activated sludge with a pre-emptive denitrification and nitrification. The Rzeszów WWTP worked under varying conditions of hydraulic loads in the period from January 2011 to December 2013. The average flow of raw wastewater amounted to 39 961 m3∙d-1. In 2011-2013, the average efficiency of removal of pollutants from WWTP in Rzeszów was: BOD5 – 98,1 ± 1,05%, COD – 94,4±2,34%, TSS – 97,5±2,21%, TN – 76,4±6,48% and TP – 94,1±5,23%. Proper removal efficiency of pollutants in relation to the requirements of the waterlegal permit was provided in the analyzed period. Interpretation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in relation to the requirements specified in the RMŚ for objects of the size of PE ≥ 100000 indicates the number of limit values, which indicates the need for modernization of wastewater treatment, primarily for the nutrients removal. Modernization of the Rzeszów WWTP will help to reduce discharged into the aquatic environment of the pollution load of nutrients, reduce the risk of eutrophication of the receiver and, consequently, to improve the quality of the aquatic environment.

17

Przydomowe oczyszczalnie na terenach cennych krajobrazowo - proponowane rozwiązania, efekty pracy

Pawęska K., Kuczewski K.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2013

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Nr 2

76--79

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania dwóch przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków zlokalizowanych na terenie Kotliny Kłodzkiej. Oczyszczalnie pracowały w technologii constructed wetland. Ścieki bytowe po wstępnym mechanicznym oczyszczeniu w osadniku gnilnym wprowadzane były na powierzchnię złóż gruntowych o przepływie poziomym (zasilanie tłokowe). Powierzchnia każdej z oczyszczalni obsadzona została trzciną. Ścieki po biologicznym oczyszczeniu na złożach odprowadzane były do wód powierzchniowych. Analizie poddano podstawowe parametry fizykochemiczne ścieków doprowadzanych i odprowadzanych z obiektów w latach 2008 i 2010 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem półrocza letniego i zimowego. Jakość odpływu porównano z maksymalnymi dopuszczalnymi stężeniami zawartymi w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska w sprawie warunków jakie należy spełnić przy wprowadzaniu ścieków do wód i do ziemi [8].

EN

In paper presented selected solutions for two domestic wastewater treatment plants located in the Kłodzko Ѵаllеу. These objects worked in constructed wetland technology. Domestic wastewater, after mechanical treating in septic tank, was supplied on the surface of horizontal constructed wetland (with plug flow). Each area of the treatment plant was planted with reed. Wastewater after biological treating, was introduced to the surface water. There were analyzed basic physicochemical parameters of sewage supplying and outflowing from the objects in years 2008 and 2010 with regard to summer and winter season. The quality of effluent was compared with maximum levels of pollutants concentrations presented in the Regulation of the Minister [8].

18

Analiza zmienności indeksu zanieczyszczeń odcieków na składowiskach funkcjonujących oraz zamkniętych

Tałałaj I. A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2013

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nr 4

78--86

PL

W Polsce brak jest regulacji prawnych określających dopuszczalne wartości wskaźników zanieczyszczeń oznaczanych w odciekach. Otrzymane wyniki często porównuje się z danymi dotyczącymi odcieków z innych składowisk. Porównywanie odcieków na podstawie wartości poszczególnych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń może być jednak dosyć uciążliwe i czasochłonne. Rozwiązaniem sytuacji może być zaproponowany przez Kumar i Alappat indeks zanieczyszczeń odcieków (Leachate Pollution Index – LPI), określający ogólny potencjał zanieczyszczeń niesionych przez odcieki składowiskowe. Może być on wykorzystywany do klasyfikacji/rankingu składowisk ze względu na jakość odcieków, śledzenia zmian jakości odcieków, badań naukowych czy nawet jasnego przekazywania społeczeństwu informacji dotyczących jakości odcieków.

EN

In paper, the comparison of the leachate contamination of two active and two closed landfills site is presented. Leachate quality was assessed, using the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). For the LPI calculation of a leachte quality data from the years 2004-2011 was used. Value of calculated LPI for all the analyzed landfills does not exceed 6. It indicates that process of decomposition of organic matter is in stable phase. The largest variations of the LPI values were reported to the active landfill O2. They result from the quantity and quality of differentiation of landfilled waste. LPI values, calculated for closed landfills were similar and have no substantial differentiation during the study time. There were no significant statistical differences between the LPI values of the analyzed landfill.

19

Ocena wpływu antropopresji na chemizm wód podziemnych regionu środkowej Wisły oparta na analizie statystycznej wyników monitoringu stanu chemicznego

Kazimierski B., Kucharczyk K., Pilichowska-Kazimierska E.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 445 Hydrogeologia z. 12/1

267--277

PL

Poprzedzenie oceny stanu chemicznego wód podziemnych analizą statystyczną wartości badanych wskaźników fizykochemicznych, z wykorzystaniem metod badań hydrochemicznych, jest niezbędne dla odróżnienia występujących w wodach substancji geogenicznych od zanieczyszczeń. Wyniki oceny stanu chemicznego pozwalają stwierdzić, że substancjami powodującymi zanieczyszczenie wód podziemnych regionu środkowej Wisły (RŚW) są głównie biogeny i metale przedostające się z powierzchni terenu z wodami infiltrującymi oraz wody słone pochodzące z ascenzji. Charakter zanieczyszczeń, liczba zidentyfikowanych ich wskaźników bardziej zależą od litologii i genezy skał wodonośca, niż od głębokości jego występowania lub położenia w regionie.

EN

Preceding the assessment of groundwater chemical status, statistical analysis of physical and chemical indicators examined, using the methods of hydrochemical studies, it is necessary to distinguish the geogenic substance found in the waters from pollution. The results of assessment of chemical composition can be concluded that the substances causing pollution of groundwater of the centralVistula region (RŚW) are mainly biogenic compounds and metals passing from the surface of the infiltration water and salt water from ascension. Character of pollution, the number of indicators identified strongly depend on the lithology and genesis of aquifer rocks than the depth of its occurrence or position in the region.

20

Dbajmy o czystość powietrza : nowe wyzwania

Zwoździak A., Szcząchor S., Sówka I., Zwoździak J.

Chemik

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2009

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Vol. 62, nr 10

352-354

PL

Oddziaływanie zdrowotne podstawowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza we Wrocławiu oceniono w oparciu o pięć wskaźników zanieczyszczenia powietrza, wyliczonych na podstawie serii czasowych, uzyskanych ze stacji monitoringu atmosfery w 2005 r. Jakość powietrza kształtowała się na poziomie dobrym lub średnim, za wyjątkiem stężeń pyłów PM10. Krótkookresowe zmiany w stężeniach PM10, dochodzące do 150 μg/m3, mogą prowadzić, zgodnie z wytycznymi WHO, do ostrego wzrostu umieralności ludności.

EN

The health effects of basic ambient pollutants were investigated using five different pollution indexes for time series from air monitoring stations in Wrocław. The air quality in the city was good or medium in 2005 for all pollutants studied except for PM10. Short-term changes in PM10, up to 150 μg/m3, may lead to enhanced acute mortality effects according to the WHO air quality guideline.