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Environmental Assessment by Metallic Trace Elements of Gold Soils – Case of Chami (Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Mauritania)

El Hadi Sidi Mohamed, Hamoud Ahmed, Chakiri Said, El Hadi Hassan, Sabbar Mohamed Salem, Abdeina El Houssein, Baghdad Bouamar, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Vall Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

239--249

EN

In the Inchiri region of northern Mauritania, the discovery of new artisanal methods for extracting gold has made the town of Chami a strategic location for gold miners and their mining operations. Despite the importance of this activity in the country’s economy, to the significant revenues it provides, it is still likely to have a negative impact on the various environmental compartments. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of trace metal elements (ETM) from gold panning in the soils of Chami area. For this purpose, forty soil samples were collected during a field mission in May 2022. The geochemical analyses of the ETM (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn) were carried out at the ALS laboratory in Dublin, using the inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique. The results show that the concentrations of ETM in soils differ according to the sampling station and the considered metal. These concentrations sometimes exceed the normal thresholds. The average value of the pollution index is higher than 1, revealing soil contamination by several elements (As, Cu, Hg and Pb). The geo-accumulation index varying between 0 and 4 shows a medium to high soil pollution class. The correlation matrix obtained shows positive correlations between the studied elements, which suggest that they have the same anthropic origin. These results show an accumulation of metals in soils that can persist in the environment, especially Hg, the most toxic element that is easy to diffuse and change speciation, in addition to being capable of causing risks to the environment and human health.

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The Assessment of Land Pollution by Oil Products in the Vicinity of the Operating Oil Pipeline in the Territory of the Sverdlovsk Region

Simakova Tamara, Simakov Anton, Tolstov Vladimir, Skipin Leonid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

14--18

EN

The developing oil and gas industry in the modern world, including the territory of the Russian Federation, does not remain without a trace for the environment. Land is the national wealth of each state, so it is very important to preserve its natural potential and prevent environmental disasters. Accidents at the territories of operating oil pipelines, which cause great harm to all kinds of natural resources – and first of all to land resources – remain unavoidable. The presented research reveals the methodology of the detailed assessment of the level and degree of soil contamination by oil products. The assessment scale was developed and five zones with different degrees of soil contamination by oil products were established. Using the calculation and a graphic method, a map of zones with the degree of contamination was developed and their exact areas were established. The presented development will be used when carrying out land reclamation of the territory under study.

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Ocena zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Małopolsce metodą spektroskopii Ramana

Zając Michał A., Dąbrowski Karol M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 5

829--832

PL

Spektroskopię Ramana zastosowano do analizy zanieczyszczeń powietrza w kilku lokalizacjach na terenie woj. małopolskiego. Struktura krystaliczna produktów spalania silnie zależy od procesu spalania (temperatura spalania, dostęp powietrza). Spektroskopia Ramana pozwoliła na rozróżnienie poszczególnych struktur występujących w mierzonych próbkach. Pomiary wykonane dla próbek referencyjnych w postaci sadzy z układu wydechowego silnika spalinowego oraz sadzy z pieca węglowego pozwoliły scharakteryzować główne źródło smogu na terenie Krakowa, Trzebini, Tarnowa oraz Bochni.

EN

Four dust samples (particulate matter 2.5) were collected from air filters situated in the cities of an agglomeration in a province in Poland and 4 dust samples from various emission sources (coal furnace, car engine, urban agglomeration air and charcoal bag). The content of various crystalline carbon black structure was detd. by Raman spectroscopy and hence the main sources of particulate emission present in urban agglomerations were estd.

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Application of geochemical and ecotoxicity indices for assessment of heavy metals content in soils

Baran A., Wieczorek J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 2

54--63

EN

The research aimed to use chemical, geochemical, and ecotoxicity indices to assess the heavy metals content in soils with different degrees of exposure to human pressure. The research was conducted in southern Poland, in the Malopolska (Little Poland) province. All metal contents exceeded geochemical background levels. The highest values of the Igeo index were found for cadmium and were 10.05 (grasslands), 9.31 (forest), and 5.54 (arable lands), indicating extreme soil pollution (class 6) with this metal. Mean integrated pollution index (IPI) values, depending on the kind of use, amounted to 3.4 for arable lands, 4.9 for forests, and 6.6 for grasslands. These values are indicative of a high level of soil pollution in arable lands and an extremely high level of soil pollution in grasslands and forests. Depending on the type of soil use, Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition was from -33 to 59% (arable lands), from -48 to 78% (grasslands), and from 0 to 88% (forest). Significantly the highest toxicity was found in soils collected from forest grounds.

PL

Celem badań było wykorzystanie wskaźników chemicznych, geochemicznych i ekotoksycznych w ocenie zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach o zróżnicowanym stopniu narażenia na antropopresję. Badania prowadzono na terenie Polski Południowej w województwie Małopolskim. Punkty poboru prób wyznaczono metodą równych kwadratów o boku kwadratu równym 7,5 km przy wykorzystaniu urządzenia GPS (Garmin 62s, dokładność +/- 2 m). Łącznie wyznaczono 76 punktów w których pobrano próby glebowe z poziomu 0-10 cm. Średnia zawartość poszczególnych metali ciężkich w glebach gruntów ornych (GO) wyniosła w kolejności malejącej: 107,52 mg Zn; 44,47 mg Ni; 23,23 mg Pb; 12,30 mg Cu; 1,21 mg Cd . kg-1 s.m. Na użytkach zielonych (UZ) średnia zawartość metali tworzyła szereg malejący (mg . kg-1 s.m): Zn (428,04) > Pb (76,35) > Ni (20,93 mg) > Cu (19,60) > Cd (2,38). W glebach leśnych (L) przeciętna zawartość cynku wyniosła 149,33 mg, ołowiu 97,76 mg, miedzi 13,32 mg, niklu 13,03 mg oraz kadmu 2,18 mg ∙ kg-1 s.m. Spośród badanych metali największe wartości wskaźnika Igeo wykazano dla kadmu: 10,05 (UZ); 9,31 (L); 5,54 (GO), co świadczy o ekstremalnym zanieczyszczeniu (klasa 6) gleb tym pierwiastkiem, niezależnie od rodzaju użytkowania terenu. Średnie wartości zintegrowanego współczynnika zanieczyszczenia wyniosły: 2,8 (GO); 5,3 (L) oraz 6,4 (UZ). Wartości te świadczą o wysokim stopniu zanieczyszczenia gleb na gruntach ornych oraz ekstremalnie wysokim na użytkach zielonych i lasach. Inhibicja luminescencji Vibrio fischeri w zależności od sposobu użytkowania gleb wyniosła od -33 do 59% (GO), od -48 do 78% (UZ) oraz od 0 do 88% (L). Istotnie największą toksycznością charakteryzowały się gleby pobrane z użytków leśnych.