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Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Aqueous Proteinogenic Amino Acid for the Detection of Mercury in Water

Carbajal-Morán Hipólito

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

169--175

EN

The objective of the research was to analyze by Raman spectroscopy the morphology of gold nanoparticles generated by laser ablation in L-Cysteine of purity ≥ 97% dissolved in ultrapure water for the detection by color change of mercury dissolved in water. Three samples of 10 ml of ultrapure water were prepared with aggregation of 10 ul of L-Cysteine with concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 mM; the generation of the gold nanoparticles was by laser ablation with a wavelength λ = 1064 nm, energy of 60.28 mJ/p located at 30 cm from the convex lens generating ablation at 10 cm on a gold plate of dimensions 10×15 mm with thickness of 1 mm, for 30 min. The gold nanoparticles generated in these aqueous environments were characterized by Raman spectroscopy using a laser with a sensitivity of 785 nm with Raman Shift analysis range 860–3200 cm-1 and controlled power at 499 mW. The nanoparticles presented maximum peak resonance around Raman Shift 1164.96 cm-1 and 1288.06 cm-1. With the AuNPs + L-Cysteine sample with concentration of 10 mM, the author proceeded to the detection of Hg2+ prepared in 20 μl of ultrapure water at concentrations of 0.1, 5 and 10 μM; when adding 100 μl of AuNPs + L-Cysteine two peak absorbance spectra were obtained with different amplitudes observed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, indicating that Hg2+ decreased the repulsion of the negatively charged AuNPs, generating the visible color change for the three concentrations of Hg2+ with 25 minutes of agitation, turning intense purple for 10 μM of Hg2+; enabling the detection of mercury in water.

2

Natural Biosorbent for Oil Adsorption from Produced Water by Sedge Cane

Alatabe Mohammed Jaafar Ali, Faris Hamid Abdulmahdi, Husham Hala

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

67--76

EN

The sedge cane is a year-round natural plant that is regarded as one of the most significant grasses on the planet, and it usually causes major disposal concerns. As a result, employing sedge cane as a low-cost adsorbent to remove oil from produced water is helpful from both an economic and environmental standpoint. The response surface methodology is used to investigate the reaction optimization of oil removal using the sedge cane. The tests had three independent variables: adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature, as well as one response variable is (oil removal percent). According to the findings, the adsorbent dosage had the biggest impact on the percentage of oil removed. The findings predicted that employing sedge cane with 5 gm/L adsorbent dosage at 40 °C and 60 min contact time, the optimum condition for oil removal would be up to 95%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the sedge cane. The results of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Sips isotherm models were 0.9967, 0.4166, 0.956, and 0.9062, respectively. Compared to the other models, Langmuir model best characterized the adsorption process. The reaction’s kinetics were most accurately characterized by the PFO kinetic equation with 0.9382 for PFO, 0.8147 for PSO, and 0.7888 for the Elovich model. Temperature effects on thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results of the testing showed that sedge cane is an effective adsorbent for eliminating oil from contaminated water.

3

Orange Peels as a Sustainable Material for Treating Water Polluted with Antimony

Hasan Manar B., Al-Tameemi Israa M., Abbas Mohammed N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

25--35

EN

Water pollution has increased due to human activities; consequently, it is essential to treat both surface water and ground water so they are suitable to meet the needs of the population. This study will discuss water treatment intended to remove antimony. Antimony (Sb) is classed as a high-priority toxic pollutant because of its adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. There are several methods for removing antimony from water, including adsorption, coagulation, ion exchange, and electrochemical treatment. This study focuses on the adsorption method as researchers have, in recent times, been seeking adsorbents that are environmentally friendly and cost-effective and that do not leave a residue. The study investigates the use of orange peels treated with acetic acid as an adsorbent to remove antimony ions from a simulated aqueous solution. The results revealed that 5 g of treated orange peels is 98.5% effective at treating water at a pH of 6, for a contact time of 150 minutes, at a mixing speed of 450 rpm.

4

Gray Water Recovery System Model by Solar Photocatalysis with TiO2 Nanoparticles for Crop Irrigation

Carbajal-Morán Hipólito, Zárate-Quiñones Rosa H., Márquez-Camarena Javier F.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

78--87

EN

The objective of the study was to establish the configuration of the system model to allow the effective recovery of gray water by solar photocatalysis with TiO2 nanoparticles for irrigation of crops. A programmable solar photoreactor based on an S7 1500 PLC and online measurement sensors were used as materials. The inductive method was used to analyze the samples and the deductive method to determine the water quality. The research design used was experimental based on the response surface methodology (MSR) with 20 experiments, 6 of which were central experiments and 6 were axial experiments; these experiments were carried out on sunny days. As a result of the research, a gray water recovery model was obtained, part of this being an electronic system with a programmable photocatalyst, which allowed the development of the experiments. It was concluded that with a solar UV index of 12.21, a dose of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles 1.973 g/L and with an exposure period of 60.041 minutes of the solar photocatalyst to UV radiation on sunny days, gray water was recovered in 90% with a confidence level of 95% and a significance α = 0.05, which translates into excellent quality according to the water quality index established in Peru (ICA-PE).

5

Monitoring the Hydrogen Potential of a River in the Central Andes of Peru From the Cloud

Carbajal Morán Hipólito, Márquez Camarena Javier Francisco, Zárate Quiñones Rosa Haydee, De la Cruz Vílchez Esteban Edgar

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

17--26

EN

The hydrogen potential is one of the parameters of the water which is variable in rivers throughout their journey over the cities, so the objective of the work was to monitor (from the cloud) the pH of the Upamayu river waters (Huancavelica region), located in the Central Andes of Peru. An electronic system was implemented, comprising: DS18B20 temperature sensor, 4502C pH sensor, ESP32 controller, NEO 6M GPS global positioning system, LabVIEW NXG platform, in addition to the web server developed in ThingSpeak. The measurements were established under the protocol for water resources of Peru. As a result, a pH monitoring system of the waters of the river under study was verified. Through the sensors, it takes the data and sends them to the web server located in the cloud via the implemented algorithm. The data read from any remote place through an application implemented in LabVIEW NXG, representing the monitoring station on a GIS map. It was concluded that the values of the hydrogen potential are different in relation to its territorial distribution and in the dry season. Varying pH after the discharge of polluting sources of the population and the places of cattle raising was found; likewise, regeneration of the waters at a certain distance was shown.

6

New application of D-π-A molecules as a sensor for recognition of Cu2+ in polluted water

Niu H., Zhu G., Zhu M., Li X.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 4

67--72

EN

Novel chromophore GZP1 with D-π-A structure was designed and prepared for its application as a sensor for the recognition of Cu2+ ions in polluted water. Reaction of aldimine condensation was used to synthesize chromophore GZP1. Its chemical structure of was characterized by mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. Cu2+ ions were recognized via fluorescence spectra. Chromophore GZP1 showed specific detection ability of Cu2+. 14 other metal ions were used as reference. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.06 μmol/dm3 in aqueous solution, which was significantly lower than the typical concentration of blood Cu2+ in normal individuals and the limit of copper(II) in drinking water.

7

Speciation analysis of arsenic by HPLC-UV in highly contaminated water samples

Jedynak L., Kieroński P., Kowalska J., Golimowski J.

Chemia Analityczna

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2008

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Vol. 53, No. 4

557-568

EN

High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 191 nm was applied to determine four arsenic species: inorganic As(III) and As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in water samples. For separation of arsenic compounds anion-exchange column was used. The influence of several parameters, such as the composition of mobile phase and the flow rate on the separation efficiency and the wavelength on detection sensitivity were investigated. The described method was applied to determine arsenic species in highly contaminated water samples. To validate the proposed method, determination of arsenic was performed simultaneously by ICP—MS method.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej z detekcj ą UV przy długości fali 191 nm do rozdzielania i oznaczania czterech form arsenu: nieorganicznego As (III) i As (V) oraz kwasów mono- i dimeryloarsenowego. Rozdzielenie związków arsenu przeprowadzono na kolumnie anionowymiennej. W celu zoptymalizowania warunków pomiaru określono skład fazy ruchomej, szybkość przepływu oraz długość fali stosowaną podczas detekcji. Wiarygodność metody sprawdzono przeprowadzając oznaczenia techniką ICP-MS.

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Zmiany w sestonowych zespołach wrotków występujących w potoku Ślepiotka poniżej spływu wód ze stawu śródleśnego

Niesler A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2001

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Vol. 27, no. 4

129-141

PL

W okresie od marca do listopada 1999 r. badano zespoły Rotifera w potoku Ślepiotka, zanieczyszczonym ściekami bytowo-komunalnymi. Badano również faunę wrotków małego stawu śródleśnego, którego wody odprowadzane byty do potoku. Dzięki dokładnej analizie ilościowej oraz jakościowej stwierdzono, ze dopływ wody ze stawu spowodował trwały wzrost bogactwa gatunkowego, zagęszczenia oraz stabilności w zespołach wrotków w potoku Ślepiotka poniżej miejsca dopływu. Wyniki analiz fizyko-chemicznych wody potwierdziły dane biologiczne o pozytywnym wpływie wód stawu na faunę i jakość wody w potoku.

EN

The studies concerned qualitative and quantitative analysis of seston Rotifera communities of Slepiotka stream polluted with communal sewages. The samples were also taken from the small, inforest pond confluence with the stream. The studies were carried out from March to November 1999. The water from the pond, which flew down into the stream, had a good influence on the Rotifera communities living there. The stable increase in species diversity, abundance and stability of Rotifera communities of Slepiotka stream below the inflow was recorded. The physic-chemical analysis confirmed the favorable influence of the pond on Slepiotka stream water quality.