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Optimal control of advection-diffusion problems for cropping systems in polluted soils

Louison Loïc, Omrane Abdennebi

Control and Cybernetics

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

253--268

EN

The article studies the nutrient transfer mechanism for cropping systems in polluted soils from a mathematical and optimal control point of view. The problem under consideration is governed by an advection-diffusion PDE in a bounded domain. The existence of a solution is obtained. We also determine the optimal amount of required nutrients at the root surface for plants where the soil is polluted by an unknown source. The characterization of the optimal control by a singular optimality system is obtained.

2

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Apple Tissues Grown in the Soils of Industrial Area

Imeri Resmije, Kullaj Endrit, Millaku Lulzim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

57--66

EN

The exposure of heavy metals in the Drenas site – Kosovo has risen dramatically in the last 30 years because of mining and smelting activities. The study investigated the heavy metal in soil, accumulation in different parts of apple trees near the industrial sites of Drenas. The accumulation ratio values of heavy metals were calculated to assess the potential health risks. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the following order of magnitude Ni > Zn > Fe > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > As, while that in the apples were in the order of magnitude Ni > Cr > Fe > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > As, in the leaves – Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > As and in the shoots – Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > As. Compared to control, the contents of analyzed metals from plant tissues of apple trees in the contaminated area were significantly higher (p<0.001). The concentration of Ni, Pb, Cr, Fe etc. in the apple tissue increased along with the heavy metal content in soils in the polluted area. The high accumulation ratio values for Pb (1.1), Cd (0.62), Cr (0.93) and Ni (0.46) were characteristic for the investigated species and indicate the accumulation ability.

3

Contents of heavy metals in roadside soils and spatial distribution of metallophyte plant species on the roadsides of Szczecin lowland

Wróbel M., Chudecka J., Tomaszewicz T., Gałczyńska M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 1-2

91-98

EN

Research on soil pollution with heavy metals and roadside metallophyte plant species spatial distribution along public roads within forest and agricultural areas in Szczecin Lowland was carried out. The roadside zones of about 8 m total width were surveyed. The total content of Mn, Pb and Cu in field and forest roadside soil samples decreased in roadside zones as moving away from the road. However, in the zone of 2 m width the field roadside soil showed the accumulation higher level of the analyzed heavy metals as compared with that of forest one, ie by about 25 % more of Pb and Mn and about 60 % more of Cu. Differences in the content of heavy metals in roadside soils depended on a zone distance from the road, the soil granulation and pH reaction. Analysis of spatial and quantitative distribution of metallophyte species against the background of zonal roadside structure confirmed obtained results concerning the presence of heavy metals in roadside soil samples.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące zawartości wybranych metali ciężkich w glebach poboczy dróg i przestrzennego rozmieszczenia metalofitów - gatunków roślin tolerujących obecność tych pierwiastków w glebie. Badaniami objęto strefy pobocza o łącznej szerokości 8 m, wzdłuż dróg o nawierzchni utwardzonej przebiegających przez kompleksy leśne i tereny rolnicze na Nizinie Szczecińskiej. Ogólna zawartość Mn, Pb i Cu w próbkach przydrożnych gleb śródpolnych i śródleśnych zmniejszała się w kolejnych strefach pobocza, przy czym gleby śródpolne w strefie 2 metrów od drogi kumulowały o 25 % więcej Pb i Mn oraz o ok. 60 % więcej Cu. Różnice w zawartości badanych metali ciężkich w próbkach wynikały z położenia strefy względem drogi oraz zróżnicowanego uziarnienia i odczynu gleb przydrożnych. Potwierdziła to analiza przestrzennego i ilościowego rozmieszcze-nia gatunków metalofitów na tle strefowej budowy poboczy dróg na badanym terenie.