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Pollution sources and metallic elements mobility recorded by heavy minerals in soils affected by Cu-smelting (Legnica, SW Poland)

Tyszka Rafał, Pietranik Anna, Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata, Kierczak Jakub

Mineralogia

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2024

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Vol. 55, iss. 1

1--14

EN

Heavy mineral particles are widely used in Earth science studies to show sediment provenance and weathering conditions. Such particles are particularly useful in polluted soils surrounding mining and smelting facilities because heavy minerals are common by-products of these activities and may accumulate in the soils. As such, the particles are suitable indicators of metallic element carriers and their stability in the soil environment. In this study, we analyze heavy mineral particles in two soils surrounding the active copper smelter (Legnica, SW, Poland). We show that particles associated with different smelting activities dominate the heavy mineral fraction. We note the general absence of sulfides in the fraction indicating that these minerals might have been entirely dissolved, but timing of this dissolution is uncertain (before or after deposition within soils). Currently, the carriers of potentially toxic elements are mainly secondary Fe oxides. Studies aiming at better estimation of the proportion of metallic elements contained in heavy mineral particles are needed to fully use the potential of these phases in polluted soil studies. We estimate that Pb contained in Pb-rich silicate glass constitutes.

2

Biosurfactant Produced by Indigenous Bacteria During Composting Process of Crude Oil Polluted Soil: Properties and Role

Sari Gina Lova, Trihadiningrum Yulinah, Ni'matuzahroh, Putra Suhendra Amka, Kasasiah Ahsanal, Alim Muhammad Syahirul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

297--314

EN

Bacterial co-metabolism in composting process has been widely used to remove hydrocarbons, aided by in-situ production of bio-based surfactants, in terms of compost humic acid-like substances and biosurfactants. The properties of compost humic acid-like substances have been shown in previous studies as potential surface tension reducers and emulsifiers for hydrocarbons. The current study aimed to analyze the properties of biosurfactant of surface tension decrease, emulsification activity, and hydrocarbon solubilization ability. Four indigenous bacteria consortia were isolated from composted materials of yard waste, rumen residue, crude oil-polluted soil, and the mixture of polluted soil with organic waste (1:1, w/w) at day 0th, 20th, 40th, and 60th. Organic waste consists of yard waste and rumen residue in the ratio of 1:1. The isolated indigenous bacteria consortia were incubated for 7 days in different media, i.e., organic waste extract, 6.00% of crude oil, and a mixture of organic waste extract with 6.00% crude oil. The results indicated that the surface tension decrease and emulsification activity of biosurfactants were 8.35–52.90 mN m-1 and 0.00–12.00%, respectively, which showed the potential as surface tension reducers with low emulsification activity. The higher hydrocarbon solubility was shown by the biosurfactant from the rumen residue (13 620 µg g-1) and the mixture (10 998 µg g-1) at day 40th, which was comparable to 1.50% of Tween 80. The biosurfactants in the current research were produced with the same materials, process, and time as compost humic acid-like substances which acts as in-situ bio-based surfactants. The respective ability to solubilize hydrocarbon might be combined and estimated to be higher than Tween 80 of 24 329 µg g-1 and 21 619 µg g-1 for rumen residue and the mixture, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the best composition for in-situ bio-based surfactant production to assist the degradation of hydrocarbon through composting process is polluted soil with organic waste (1:1, w/w). The solubility of hydrocarbons can be increased without synthetic surfactants addition, but through providing nutrients to maintain in-situ bio-based surfactant production with intermittent addition of organic waste every 40 days. This method is expected to be an appropriate approach in composting development as a cost-effective sustainable bioremediation technique for polluted soil.

3

Evaluation of total organic carbon quantity and emissions of CO2 from soil into the atmosphere near street

Pranskevicius Mantas, Paliulis Dainius

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 3

399--410

EN

Soil as an ecosystem is actively involved into climate formation process. Therefore, it is important to assess such soil quality indicators as total organic carbon (TOC) and CO2 emissions. Soil organic matter is considered to be its indicator of quality, which is one of the most important components of biosphere consistency and stability. Soil respiration shows carbon emission from soil into the atmosphere. This is a great indicator, illustrating soil biological activity. Impact of soil temperature, air humidity, time of day was evaluated on CO2 emission from the soil. The highest CO2 emission is observed in afternoon hours, up to 0.201 g CO2·m–2·h–1.

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Isolation and Identification of Native Bacteria from Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil in Wonocolo Public Oilfields, Indonesia

Sari Gina Lova, Trihadiningrum Yulinah, Ni’matuzahroh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

60--64

EN

The presented study concerns on isolation and identification of indigenous bacteria in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) polluted soil. The composite TPH polluted soil was collected from Wonocolo public oilfields, Indonesia. Pour plate and plate count techniques were used to bacterial population analysis and enumeration, respectively. Two dominant bacterial colonies were isolated from 4.06x107 CFU/g population in polluted soil, then morphologically and biochemically were characterized using Microbact Identification Kits (MicrobactTM GNB12A and 12B). The identification of isolated bacteria was performed using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The results showed that the strains of bacteria are Bacillus sp. and B. cereus with probability of 72.00 and 77.00%, respectively. These strains potentially acted as biosurfactant producers and hydrocarbon degraders. Thus, biostimulation could be implemented to reduce the TPH levels in polluted soil at Wonocolo public oilfields.

5

Rośliny alternatywne w fitoekstrakcji metali ciężkich z obszarów skażonych

Żurek G., Majtkowski W.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2009

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R. 17, nr 3

83-89

PL

Metale ciężkie to pierwiastki o gęstości powyżej 4,5 gźcm-3, występujące naturalnie w skorupie ziemskiej. Niektóre z nich są niezbędne do prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmów żywych (np. miedź, cynk), a np. kadm, ołów, rtęć czy arsen są przyczyną wielu chorób. Do nadmiernej kumulacji tych pierwiastków w glebach i roślinach doprowadził rozwój przemysłu i komunikacji oraz nieracjonalne stosowanie środków ochrony roślin i nawozów mineralnych. Najbardziej efektywną metodą oczyszczania środowiska zanieczyszczonego metalami ciężkimi jest pozyskiwanie tych substancji z gleby za pomocą roślin, które są w stanie rosnąć w warunkach wysokiego stężenia toksycznych substancji i akumulować je w swoich organizmach. Z uwagi na wielostronne zastosowanie (rekultywacja i stabilizacja terenów skażonych, fitoekstrakcja metali ciężkich oraz wykorzystanie do produkcji bioenergii) na szczególne zainteresowanie zasługują: kostrzewa trzcinowa, mozga trzcinowata, rajgras wyniosły, perz wydłużony, proso rózgowate, palczatka Gerarda, miskant cukrowy, sałata kompasowa, bylica zwyczajna, nawłocie: kanadyjska i późna. W opracowaniu niniejszym przedstawiono możliwe do zrealizowania scenariusze fitoekstrakcji metali ciężkich z gleb skażonych oraz późniejszej utylizacji roślin dla wycofania szkodliwych substancji.

EN

A major environmental concern due to dispersal of industrial and urban wastes generated by human activities is the contamination of soil. Wide range of inorganic and organic compounds cause contamination, these include heavy metals. Although many metals are essential, all of them are toxic in higher concentrations, as they cause oxidative stress by formation of the free radicals. They can also replace essential metals in pigments or enzymes disrupting their function. Metal contaminated soil may be remediated by chemical, physical and biological techniques. Physico-chemical techniques for soil remediation render the land useless for plants as they remove all biological activities, including nitrogen fixing bacteria, mycorrhiza, fungi as well as fauna. Considering the possibilities for bioremediation of waste and polluted land, important are both, the ability of species to accumulate high volume of elements per biomass unit, as well as the possibility of high biomass production over a given time and area. The ability of plants to heavy metals uptake from soils is affected by a number of factors including plant species, amount of heavy metal in soil, soil moisture content and pH, organic matter content in soil etc. On the basis of literature survey some species were selected to further examination: tall fescue, reed canary grass, tall oat grass, switch grass, big bluestem, Miscanthus and few dicotyledonous species: Lactuca seriolla, Solidago canadensis, S. serotina, Artemisia absynthium.

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Wpływ zastosowania biopreparatów na liczebność bakterii i grzybów w glebach o różnym poziomie skażenia ropą naftową

Zabłocka-Godlewska E., Przystaś W.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2005

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T. 8, nr 1

117-128

PL

Badaniom poddano glebę o różnym poziomie skażenia ropą naftową: 0, 20, 40 i 80 ml ropy/kg gleby. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zawartości zanieczyszczenia oraz zastosowanych biopreparatów (bakteryjnego i grzybowego) na ogólną liczebność bakterii i grzybów, w tym również degradatorów ropy naftowej. Wprowadzone biopreparaty stanowiły mieszaniny szczepów zaadaptowanych do obecności zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych. Zanieczyszczenie badanej gleby ropą naftową w początkowym okresie eksperymentu nie wpłynęło hamująco na liczebność organizmów w tej glebie. Wprowadzenie do środowiska biopreparatu bakteryjnego skutkowało zmniejszeniem się liczebności grzybów, natomiast zastosowanie szczepów grzybowych hamowało rozwój bakterii. Zmiany liczebności bakterii rozkładających ropę naftową pokrywały się ze zmianami ogólnej liczby bakterii. Natomiast zmiany liczebności grzybów rozkładających węglowodory ropopochodne nie pokrywały się ze zmianami ich ogólnej liczebności. W końcowym etapie eksperymentu obserwowano tendencje spadkowe liczebności wszystkich grup organizmów we wszystkich próbach.

EN

Presence of petrolcum pollution is still one of the crucial problems in environinent protection. Differences in the concentration of pollutant cause different range of changes in environment from the slight biological balance perturbations to its complete degradation, Among different methods of soil remediation the most economic and accessible are bioremediation techniques, based on bioaugmentation of polluted ecosystems. A common method of bioaugmentation is introduction to environment bacterial strains. Less popular method is introduction of fungal strains. It is important to remember that introduction of allochthonic microorganisms to enviromnent can influence on structure of biocenosis, and then can disturb the basic soil processes and contaminants degradation. The goal of experiment was evaluation of the influence of pollutant concentration on soil microflora (bacteria and fungi). Effects of bacterial and fungal strain introduction into polluted soil were also studied. Soil used in experiment was contaminated with different concentrations of crude oil (0 - control soil, 20, 40 and 80 ml crude oil per kg of soil) and augmented with mixture of bacterial or fungal strains adapted to pollutant. Microbiological analysis included: total bacteria number on MPA, total fungi number on Sabouraud and Martin medium, number of bacteria and fungi active in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons on solid mineral medium (Siskinej-Trocenko) covered with thin film of crude oil. Crude oil contamination did not decrease total number of microorganisms at the beginning of experiment and even stimulation of bacteria growth was observed. Introduction of bacterial strains to soil caused the decrease of fungi number and introduction of fungal strains caused the decrease of bacteria number. Changes of crude oil degrading bacteria number were similar to changes of total bacteria number. At the same time correlation between total fungi number and number of fungi degrading crude oil was not observed. At the end of experiment (between 29th and 43rd day of experiment) number of all groups of microorganisms dropped down. It was probably connected with depletion of organic substances and decrease of bioavailability of biogens (especially in heavy polluted soil). Thc reason of such effects could be also the presence of toxic crude oil metabolites.

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Efekty zastosowania biopreparatów naturalnych i komercyjnych w bioremediacji gruntów zanieczyszczonych substancjami ropopochodnymi

Zabłocka-Godlewska E., Miksch K.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2003

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Vol. 29, no. 4

61--69

PL

Prezentowana praca obejmuje badania wpływu zastosowania trzech różnych biopreparatów (jednego naturalnego N2 oraz dwóch komercyjnych - Kl i K2) w glebie gliniastej o wieloletnim skażeniu substancjami pochodnymi. Badaną glebę pobrano z terenu rafinerii w Czechowicach-Dziedzicach i zaklasyfikowano, jako zdegradowaną a stosunku C:N = 100;0,7. Badano wpływ wprowadzonych szczepionek na rozwój mikroflory efekty usunięcia substancji skażających. Stwierdzono, że wprowadzenie biopreparatów nie spowodowało intensywnego wzrostu liczebności bakterii, utrzymujących się przez większy okres eksperymentu na poziomie kontroli. Aktywność biodegradacyjna badanej gleby również wzrosła w stopniu mniejszym od oczekiwanego.

EN

The effects of using three different biopreparations (one natural N2 and two commercial K1 and K2) in petroleum hydrocarbons age-polluted clay soil were studied. The samples of soil were taken from refinery in Czechowice-Dziedzice and classified as heavily degraded in proportion C:N = 100:0,7. Changes after introducing biopreparations into soil (bioaugmentation), their influence on microflora development and effects of removing polluting substances were studied. Bioaugmentation did not result in intensive growth of bacterial number, which was on the control sample's level during experiment. Soil's biodegradation activity also increased in level smaller than expected.