Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of impact of vehicle traffic conditions: urban, rural and highway, on the results of pollutant emissions inventory

Bebkiewicz Katarzyna, Chłopek Zdzisław, Sar Hubert, Szczepański Krystian, Zimakowska-Laskowska Magdalena

Archives of Transport

|

2021

|

Vol. 60, iss. 4

57--69

EN

The use of motor vehicles varies considerably under distinct traffic conditions: in cities, outside cities as well as on motor-ways and expressways. The impact of road traffic on the natural environment has been studied for many years, including in terms of the nature of the operation of motor vehicles. This problem is particularly important in highly urbanized areas, where traffic congestion is the source of increased emissions of harmful compounds contained in exhaust gases. For this reason, many cities have traffic restrictions, especially for those cars that do not meet the most stringent emission standards. Environmental protection is the driving force behind the development of modern combustion engine supply systems, which allow for proper control of the combustion of petroleum-derived fuels. The exhaust gas cleaning systems in the form of catalytic converters or particulate matter filters are also playing a very important role. Considerable differences in internal combustion engine operating states, both static and dynamic, result in important differences in pollutant emissions. Likewise, the national annual pollutant emission is affected by the share of distances travelled by vehicles under various traffic conditions. At the same time, it is very difficult to estimate exhaust emissions from road transport sources. Very interesting method of emission estimation is the application of the data included in the emission inventory which are a valuable source of information on exhaust emissions under various operating conditions. In the present study, the annual pollutant emissions were analyzed: at a national level (total pollutant emission) and in distinct traffic conditions. There were found large differences between individual pollutants’ shares in the emissions from vehicles under the tested traffic conditions. This is particularly evident for nitrogen oxides with the highest emission share outside cities, as opposed to other substances with the highest emission shares in cities, where traffic congestion is taking place.

2

The influence of the properties of vehicles traffic on the total pollutant emission

Bebkiewicz K., Chłopek Z., Szczepański K., Zimakowska-Laskowska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2017

|

z. 1/110

89--101

EN

To study the influence of the traffic on the total emission model is used total emission. The model of total emission is identified for the structure of the vehicle fleet in Poland in 2014. The quantity of vehicles and structure of the fleet is derived from the information collected in Polish Central Vehicle and Driver Register system (CEPiK). The data on the intensity and the mileage of vehicles in each category was adopted basing on information from the literature and own research. The article analyzes the impact of the character of traffic vehicles on the total emission defined for traffic in urban, rural and on the highways area.

PL

Do badania wpływu charakteru ruchu pojazdów samochodowych na całkowitą emisję zanieczyszczeń wykorzystano model całkowitej emisji zanieczyszczeń, zidentyfikowany dla stanu motoryzacji w Polsce w 2014 r. Liczność pojazdów poszczególnych kategorii elementarnych przyjęto na podstawie informacji zawartych w bazach Systemu Informatycznego Centralnej Ewidencji Pojazdów i Kierowców. Dane nt. intensywności oraz sposobu użytkowania pojazdów poszczególnych kategorii elementarnych przyjęto na podstawie informacji z literatury i wyników badań własnych. W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ charakteru ruchu pojazdów samochodowych, zdefiniowanego dla ruchu w miastach, poza miastami oraz na autostradach i drogach ekspresowych, na całkowitą emisję zanieczyszczeń.

3

Results of air emission inventory from road transport in Poland in 2014

Bebkiewicz K., Chłopek Z., Szczepański K., Zimakowska-Laskowska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2017

|

z. 1/110

77--88

EN

The article presents results of balancing the national pollutant emission from vehicles, using for the first time in Poland COPERT software to the official report within the framework cooperation in the European Union. The calculation was made for the year 2014 based on number of vehicles from Polish Central Vehicle and Driver Register system (CEPiK). Intensity and way of usage data for each vehicle categories comes from literature and on the on the basis of own research. The article contains results for aggregated vehicle categories for the selected pollutants which are reported in European Union reports.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki bilansowania krajowej emisji zanieczyszczeńz pojazdów, stosując po raz pierwszy w Polsce oprogramowanie COPERT do oficjalnego raportowania w ramach współpracy w Unii Europejskiej. Badania wykonano dla 2014 r., wykorzystując oficjalne dane o liczności pojazdów, zawarte w bazach Systemu Informatycznego Centralnej Ewidencji Pojazdów i Kierowców. Dane nt. intensywności oraz sposobu użytkowania pojazdów poszczególnych kategorii elementarnych przyjęto na podstawie informacji z literatury i wyników badań własnych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dla skumulowanych kategorii pojazdów dla wybranych substancji, których emisja jest inwentaryzowania w raportach Unii Europejskiej.

4

Modelling of Vehicle Velocity in the Inventory of Pollutant Emission

Chłopek Z., Szczepański K.

Machine Dynamics Research

|

2017

|

Vol. 41, No. 2

119--139

EN

Modelling of vehicle traffic is one of the major challenges in the inventory of pollutant emissions from road transport. The diversity of conditions describing vehicle traffic entails a need for assumptions to be made, in order to enable data preparation. In the present paper we analyze the process of vehicle velocity to substantiate adoption of zero-dimensional characteristicsc of the process. In modelling of vehicle traffic it is, above all, the average value of velocity that is assumed to be a zero-dimensional characteristic of the velocity process. Additionally, vehicle traffic is assessed under driving conditions in urban and rural areas, as well as on highways and expressways. The paper presents the analysis of pollutant emissions from road transport in Poland, in the years 2000-2015, with reference to the type of driving patterns, which, in turn, depends on the dynamic characteristics of the velocity process.

5

Ocena błędu inwentaryzacji emisji zanieczyszczeń dla celów związanych z modelowaniem dyspersji zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu

Bogacki M.

Inżynieria Środowiska / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie

|

2000

|

T. 5, z. 1

45-57

PL

Weryfikacja poprawności działania modeli dyspersji zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu wymaga posiadania informacji o granicach niepewności danych wejściowych przyjętych do obliczeń. W artykule podjęto próbę zdefiniowania błędu inwentaryzacji emisji oraz metodyki jego obliczania. Przedstawiona metoda uwzględnia zarówno wpływ niepewności współczynnika masowego emisji jak i wpływ reaktywności chemicznej. W oparciu o przedstawioną metodykę wykonano obliczenia błędu dla rzeczywistych danych pochodzących z inwentaryzacji emisji na terenie Nowego Sącza.

EN

Verification of operation correctness of air pollutant dispersion models requires information of uncertainties ranges for input data considered to estimations. An attempt at creating definition of emission identification error and its estimation methodology have been made in the paper. The method incorporates the influence of uncertainties in both mass emission rates and chemical reactivity. The error estimations for real data coming from Nowy Sącz area emission inventory have been carried out basis of the described methodology.