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1

Ecological risks assessment of fishery commodities from heavy metal in The East Java Province, Indonesia

Andriyono Sapto, Hidayati Nuning V., Fitrani Mirna, Manaf Latifah A., Habib Ahasan, Dewi Umi U., Mukadar Saadah

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

183--193

EN

Heavy metals are a crucial group of chemicals extensively used in materials to meet human needs, eventually leading to contamination of aquatic ecosystems and accumulation in organism’s tissues. Heavy metals enter the aquatic ecosystem from various sources. Those metals that pollute aquatic waters are deposited in sediments, remain dissolved in water or accumulate in the food web of aquatic organisms. Benthic biota is believed to accumulate the highest levels of these metals, while other aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, and macroalgae, serve as significant sources of heavy metals intake through food and the environmental exposure. Ina study conducted in and around the east Java, Indonesia, the concentration of heavy metals in commercially important fish species, shellfish, and macroalgae were evaluated using an inductive couple plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). This study is very important because fishery resources are not only vital for exports but also serve as a primary source of essential food for local communities. The results showed that heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in samples were 12.3 mg∙dm-3 , 0.171 mg∙dm-3, and undetectable, respectively. This study showed that different metals were present in the samples at different levels, all of which fell within the maximum residual levels set by the EU and USFDA. The results of an analysis of food safety based on the Hazard Index showed values below 1 point, indicating that fishery products (fish, shrimp, and macroalgae) from the East Java Province are generally safe for human consumption.

2

Okresowa zmienność jakości wód opadowych w zbiornikach przydrożnych oraz możliwość wykorzystania zgromadzonej wody

Zubala Tomasz

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2024

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Nr 1

24--31

PL

W wielu miejscach na świecie obserwuje się rosnące deficyty wodne i problemy z zaspokojeniem niektórych potrzeb. Z tego powodu, coraz częściej wykorzystywana jest woda szara i woda deszczowa. Zbiorniki gromadzące spływy z powierzchni uszczelnionych są rozpatrywane, jako potencjalne źródła wody dla niektórych odbiorców. W pracy dokonano oceny stopnia zanieczyszczenia oraz zmienności jakości wód deszczowych gromadzonych i podczyszczanych w uszczelnionych stawach przy nowych drogach w aglomeracji lubelskiej (południowo-wschodnia Polska). Oceniono również potencjalne zagrożenia i możliwości ponownego użycia wód. W badaniach uwzględniono zmiany natężenia ruchu samochodowego i warunków pogodowych. Badania jakościowe prowadzono sezonowo. Analizami objęto m.in. wybrane wskaźniki fizyczne, biogenne i zasolenia. Wykazano dużą zmienność koncentracji zawiesin ogólnych, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, TP, i Cl- (74-216%). W niektórych terminach pomiarowych stwierdzono niepokojące wartości przewodności, pH, zawiesin, TP, Cl- i ChZT. W warunkach badań zmienność jakości wód deszczowych była większa w pierwszej fazie eksploatacji systemu zbiorników, a poziom średniego zanieczyszczenia stabilizował się w ciągu kilku lat od jego wybudowania. Zmiany natężenia ruchu samochodowego nie wpływały znacząco na wielkość zanieczyszczenia retencjonowanych wód. Duża zmienność zanieczyszczenia wód utrudnia precyzyjne wyznaczanie okresów, w których ich wykorzystanie wiąże się z najmniejszym ryzykiem. Zarządzanie wodami deszczowymi powinno opierać się na wnikliwych analizach ich jakości (stały monitoring) oraz ocenie ewentualnego zagrożenia dla środowiska.

EN

In many places around the world, there are growing water deficits and problems in satisfying certain needs. For this reason, gray water and rainwater are increasingly used. Reservoirs collecting runoff from impervious surfaces are considered as potential sources of water for some recipients. This paper evaluates the pollution level and variations in the quality of rainwater collected and pre-treated in sealed ponds located next to new roads in the metropolitan area of Lublin (south-eastern Poland). Potential threats and possibilities of water reuse were also assessed. The studies took into account changes in traffic intensity and weather conditions. Qualitative research was conducted seasonally. The analyzes included, among others: selected physical, biogenic and salinity indicators. High variations in the concentration of total suspended solids, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, TP, and Cl- were observed (74-216%). On some measurement dates disturbing conductivity, pH, suspended solids, TP, Cl– and COD values were found. Under the test conditions, variations in stormwater quality was greater at the first stage of using the system of reservoirs, and the mean level of pollution stabilized several years after its construction. Changes in traffic intensity did not significantly affect on the degree of contamination of the stored water. The high variability of water pollution makes it difficult to precisely identify periods in which the use of ponds poses the lowest risk. Rainwater management should be based on thorough analyses of water quality (constant monitoring) and the evaluation of possible threats to the environment.

3

From waste to treat waste : exploitation of marble dust as a harmful pollutant to a green adsorbent for dyes and heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Attia H.A., Farghaly Mohamed G., Saleh A.M., Abdel Khalek M.A.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 6

art. no. 154007

EN

The marble dust as a harmful industrial waste of marble fabrication was evaluated as aneconomical and efficient green adsorbent for Acid Red-1 dye and lead ions. The XRD, XRF, particle size, surface area and zeta-potential measurements were used to characterize the marble dust. The removal efficiency was optimized by studying several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration. The optimum removal was achieved at pH 6, 20°C after 60 min in the presence of 2.5g/L marble dust. The rates of adsorption were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The results showed better fitting to Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and favorable at low temperature. The free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) changes were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption.The removal efficiency was improved by calcination of the marble at 700°C. Application for textilewastewater showed high removal efficiency up to 99.9%of inorganic and organic pollutants. The product of treatment was used in the concrete and bricks manufactured, so there is nogeneration of second-order pollutants.

4

Treatment of Surface Treatment Effluents by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminium Electrodes

Namoussi Soukaina, Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Naamane Ayoub, Chlaida Mohamed, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

91--99

EN

The surface treatment industry generates effluents with a high load of highly toxic chemicals which must be treated under increasingly stringent regulation. The aim of this study was to treat the effluents of surface treatment unit of an aeronautical industry by the electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. This process is used to study the performance to remove colloidal load, significant amount of oxidizable material and high levels of various metal elements (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al) from these effluents, under optimum conditions of pH 7, 8.6A of current intensity and 60 min of application. The electrocoagulation process was found to be effective in reducing turbidity (97.12%), COD (97.5%), SS (97.84%) and conductivity (96.82%), hexavalent chromium (99.99%), Zn (96.82%), Cu (94.3%), Iron (99.9%), Al (91.96%). The treated effluent conformed to the Moroccan standards of surface treatment discharge.

5

The Use of Hydrophytes for Additional Treatmnet of Municipal Sewage

Pichura Vitalii, Potravka Larisa, Ushkarenko Viktor, Chaban Viktor, Mynkin Mykola

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

54--63

EN

At the current stage of discharge and treatment of municipal sewage and other types of wastewater in the territory of Ukraine, traditional technologies of biological treatment in aero-tanks by the process of aerobic oxidation involving active silt characterized by low efficiency are largely used. It was established that biological treatment and additional treatment of sewage involving hydrophytes are efficient. The research on wastewater quality and the efficiency of sewage treatment was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 – “the quality before treatment”, Phase 2 – “the quality after mechanical-biological treatment” at the existing municipal treatment plants, Phase 3 – “the quality after additional treatment by hydrophytes”. In order to determine the efficiency of using hydrophytes additional treatment, Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and the perennial aquatic plant Lemna minor were planted in one treatment pond. The results of the experiment made it possible to determine high efficiency of using hydrophytes for additional sewage treatment. In particular, the efficiency of additional treatment in the treatment ponds removing the residue of suspended pollutants for 40 days was 32%, toxic salts – 13.0–23.0%, oil products – 30.0%, biogenic substances – 68.5–83.3%. It caused a drop in the values of chemical and biological oxygen demand for 5 days by 89.6% and 61.2%, respectively. The efficiency of sewage treatment removing toxic salts and oil products reached 97.7%, whereas in the case of mineral and organic pollutants – up to 99%. That contributed to a considerable increase in the wastewater quality by the criteria for fisheries. In particular, high nutritional value of Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor allowed obtaining 12.5 tons of hydrophyte wet mass that can be used as green manure, feeds for farm animals, poultry and fish.

6

Evaluation of a Wetland Constructed with Typha domingensis Pers., for the Recovery of Contaminated Water from Hospital Effluents

Peralta Inocencia, Cardozo César, Nakayama Héctor, Ávalos Claudia, Benítez Gilberto, Elkhalili Ryad, Ayala José, Arenas Rossana, Samudio-Oggero Antonio

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

136--145

EN

The objective of this research project was to evaluate the implementation of a phytoremediation system for the effluents generated by the National Cancer Institute (INCAN), Central Department, Paraguay to contribute to the management of the liquid waste that it generates. The system consisted of a set of three pools, in which were made up of floating Typha domingensis Pers plants, at an approximate density of 10 plants per m2, all the roots formed a filter, which was in direct contact with the effluent. The effluent was of continuous flow; the flows of entry and exit were regulated according to the generation of liquid waste by INCAN. There were 5 measurements made with an interval of 7 days for each measurement, at a point of entry and exit of the effluent, to determine the system. The parameters evaluated were: BOD5, COD, NTK, PT, pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliforms. The results showed a considerable reduction of the pollutants generated for all the parameters evaluated, obtaining an efficiency of 67.9 to 92.4% in the evaluated parameters, indicating that it is very feasible to implement this type of systems for phytodepuration of liquid waste.

7

Establishing Environmental Standardization of Wastewater Composition Based on Environmental Risk Assessment

Proskurnin Oleg, Malovanyy Myroslav, Belokon Karina, Rybalova Olha, Ivashchenko Taras, Tsapko Nataliia, Stepova Olena

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

139--146

EN

The article considers the problem of rationing wastewater discharge in terms of environmental risk management, caused by the pollution of waterbodies. The cases of using a simple indicator of water quality in the form of concentration of a substance, as well as a complex indicator of water quality were considered. The relevance of using a complex indicator is caused by the similar effect of various substances on the ecosystem and man. For both cases, the algorithms for determining the permissible composition of wastewater, ensuring compliance with the established standards of natural water quality in the control points of the water body with a given probability, were developed. In the case of using complex indicators in order to unambiguously solve the problem of rationing wastewater composition, permissible concentrations of substances were finally determined by solving the optimization problem. The optimization criterion is the minimum cost of water treatment. The method of ecological standardization of wastewater composition suggested in the article is applicable for the case of normal probability distribution of a substance in wastewater according to data of field measurements.

8

Review on Impact of Construction Waste Landfill on Environment and its Reutilization

Sivamani Jagan, Kamaleshwar S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

233--242

EN

In several countries, the use of recycled coarse aggregate in construction materials is recommended; however, the use of organic matter is restricted because it can produce significant changes in compressive strength. In terms of reaching a conclusive viewpoint regarding the research topic, secondary data collection analysis has been selected. It is essential to utilize the recycled and by-products wastages to prepare alternative materials as this can be useful in generating a significant amount of fine concrete aggregate. As a result, it reduces the extreme exploration of essential natural resources and meets the requirements of natural concrete aggregates by using the alternative and recycled fine concrete aggregate. Moreover, the alternative materials come with similar properties and physical behaviour as they sustain the durability and compound stability of the concrete aggregate through the use of recycled cement. The disposal of industrial wastes can cause extreme environmental harm that can be reduced via recycled cement. However, it has been noted that the presence of harmful materials can result in issues regarding durability. Thus, it is essential to arrange materials for recycled cement that can be effective for construction activities. In order to maintain environmental sustainability and reduce environmental hazards, it is important to utilize the wastages for generating alternative concrete aggregates such as crushed rocks. Thus, this paper reviews the environmental effects of concrete waste pollutants and its sustainable reutilization to promote a cleaner environment and offer benefits to the construction industries with a positive effect.

9

Tracking the transport of pollutants by means of imaging methods

Molteni Perez Francisco, Aleixo Rui, Gubler Alejandra, Winckler Patricio, Reyes Mauricio

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 5

2437--2450

EN

A method for identification and tracking of pollutants plumes in water is presented and applied to laboratory data. This method uses the intensity threshold and associated image processing algorithms to identify the pollutant’s plume within a footage. Quantitative geometrical parameters are then extracted on each frame as proxies of the turbulent diffusion (i.e. area and perimeter) and advection (i.e. centroid location). From the determined plume location in each frame, it is then possible to devise a tracking algorithm which can determine the trajectory and eventual fate of the plume. The developed method is applied to two different types of plumes: one generated by a liquid pollutant (rhodamine) and another by a granular matrix type material (coal) to compare its capability of tracking different plumes. Although developed with laboratory images, the presented method is general and can be applied to field images as well. The advantages and limitations of the proposed methodology are also discussed.

10

Evaluation of the effect of various surficial pollutants and environmental condition on surface friction performance of road pavement

Khabiri Mohammad Mehdi, Afkhamy-Meybodi Pooya, Montazeri Ali Mohammad

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 112

99--111

EN

Skip resistance of asphalt is an important parameter that can influence the safety of drivers on roads. Although there is a linear relationship between slipping on road surfaces and accidents, the impacts of pollutants for decreasing friction of roads is clear to researchers. Moisture and temperature influence friction and safety. In this research in SMA samples, three different gradations with the maximum nominal sizes of 19, 12.5 and 9.5, based on international standards were used. For polluting the surface, five materials that are found on roads were used, including fine-grained soil, sand, oil, soot and rubber powder. To measure the skip resistance, the British pendulum tester was used and for analysing macro-texture, the sand patch method was used. The results of this research showed that by increasing the maximum nominal size of aggregates, the depth of macro-texture in surfaces are grown and this is due to the decrease of fine aggregates in larger gradations. Because of the higher flexibility of pure bitumen, the applied compression pressure on rigid aggregates can cause indentations in the substrate and result in declining the roughness height of aggregates in the mixed surface. This leads to declining the hysteresis part of friction by increasing temperature.

11

Water Quality Assessment of the Surface Water of the Southern Bug River Basin by Complex Indices

Shakhman Iryna, Bystriantseva Anastasiia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

195--205

EN

The article describes modern anthropogenic load on the surface water of the Southern Bug River Basin in a changing climate. The main water users-pollutants of the Southern Bug River Basin in Vinnytska and Mykolaivska regions were identified. The water quality of the surface water of the Southern Bug River in time and space (along the river stream) was analyzed. The water quality of the Southern Bug River was assessed by complex indices for different water users. In order to assess water quality, it is recommended to use complex indices that take into account the effect of the total action of pollutants. The self-purification potential and capability of restoration in space (along the river stream) of the aquatic ecosystem of the Southern Bug River was established for 2019. The results of the study allow us to state that the use of surface water of the Southern Bug River Basin for drinking, fishery, cultural and recreational needs is related to certain environmental risks. It is recommended to carry out the environmental protection measures aimed at adjusting the priorities of economic activity, reduction of wastewater discharge and increase in the water content of the river by regulating the operation of energy complexes.

12

Study of Oil-Contaminated Soils Phytotoxicity During Bioremediation Activities

Sivkov Yuriy, Nikiforov Artur

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

67--72

EN

This work is devoted to studying the dynamics of changes in phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated meadow soils in the process of microbial bioremediation. The research was conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Winter rye (Secále cereále) was selected as the test object. In order to assess the degree of toxicity in the laboratory, the indicators of seed germination – germination rate and germination energy-were determined. In a field experiment, the ecological state of oil-contaminated soils was evaluated by the germination rate and the amount of aboveground plant biomass. The research results showed that the content of petroleum products significantly affected the percentage of germination of rye seeds. There are differences in the size of seedlings for different experimental schemes: in all tests, the average height of cleoptila on polluted soil was less than on unpolluted soil, but at the same time it varied for different experimental bioremediation schemes. The use of potassium humate and modified vermiculite as additives significantly reduced the toxicity of the oil-contaminated soil.

13

Changes in Selected Water Quality Indicators of the Warta River Due to the Jeziorsko Dam Reservoir

Hämmerling Mateusz, Spychała Marcin, Walczak Natalia, Stachowski Piotr, Nguyen Thanh Hung

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

1044--1057

EN

Many factors affect the quality of water in rivers, including: types of pollution sources, the shape of the catchment, the type of land use, the amount of pollution flowing in. The construction of a retention reservoir is one of the factors affecting changes in the river valley related to the landscape, the environment, and water flow hydraulics. Reducing the velocity of water flow on the section of the reservoir causes changes in the characteristics of the movement of pollutants, some of them are deposited in the reservoir. The article analyzes water quality parameters at intake points located below (Uniejów) and above (Biskupice) of the Jeziorsko dam on the Warta River. The variability of such parameters as BOD5, TOC, pH, temperature, Ntot, Ptot was analyzed. The research also analyzed the dynamics of water inflow and outflow from the reservoir. The actual water retention time in the reservoir, which makes interpretation of the results difficult. The most indicators were characterized by the significance of differences for research in 2014.

PL

Na jakość wody w rzekach wpływa wiele czynników do których należą: rodzaje źródeł zanieczyszczeń, ukształtowanie zlewni, rodzaj użytkowania terenu, ilość dopływających zanieczyszczeń. Budowa zbiornika retencyjnego jest jednym z czynników wpływających na zmiany w dolinie rzecznej związane z krajobrazem, środowiskiem, hydrauliką przepływu wody. Zmniejszenie prędkości przepływu wody na odcinku zbiornika powoduje zmiany w charakterystyce przemieszczania się zanieczyszczeń, część z nich osadza się w zbiorniku. W artykule przeanalizowano parametry jakości wody w punktach poboru zlokalizowanych poniżej (Uniejów) i powyżej (Biskupice) zapory zbiornika Jeziorsko na rzece Warcie. Analizie poddano zmienność takich parametrów jak BZT5, OWO, pH, temperatura, Nog, Fog. W badaniach przeanalizowano również dynamikę dopływu i odpływu wody ze zbiornika. Rzeczywisty czas retencji wody w zbiorniku jest różny co utrudnia interpretację wyników. Najwięcej wskaźników charakteryzowało się istotnością różnic dla badań w 2014 roku.

14

Assessment of Technogenic Loading on the Surface Water Bodies of the Separate Regions of the North-Western Black Sea

Chugai Angelina, Safranov Tamerlan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

197--201

EN

The assessment of surface water quality and technogenic loading on the separate regions of the North-Western Black Sea, namely the Mykolaiv region, was performed in this work. The water quality assessment was conducted using the graphical method that allows determining the suitability of water for the certain types of water using, as well as the method of calculating a water pollution combinatorial index. The estimation of the technogenic loading is based on calculating a technogenic loading module. It was found that the surface waters of the Mykolaiv region do not meet the requirements of fisheries in relation to most quality indicators. According to various standards, this surface water quality in this region is characterized by the “polluted” – “very dirty” categories. A reduction of the technogenic loading by the volume of wastewater discharges since 2006 can be determined. According to the pollutant discharge indicators, a steady decrease of the level of loading has been noted since 2005, which is caused by a reduction of wastewater discharges.

15

Modelowanie parametrów geometrycznych oraz rozmieszczenia emitorów w terenie

Wierzbińska M.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2017

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R. 88, nr 10

129--133

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki modelowania parametrów geometrycznych emitorów punktowych oraz projektowania lokalizacji emitorów w terenie. Czynniki te determinują rozprzestrzenianie się zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu atmosferycznym. Do parametrów tych należą: wysokość i średnica emitora oraz rozmieszczenie emitorów na terenie potencjalnego zakładu. Korzystając z wyników obliczeń z wykorzystaniem programu Ek100w firmy Atmoterm z Opola, przeprowadzono analizę rozkładu imisji zanieczyszczeń gazowych oraz sposobu rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze. Analizie poddano teoretyczny przypadek trzech emitorów, zlokalizowanych na terenie potencjalnego zakładu przemysłowego. Modelowano rozprzestrzenianie się tlenków azotu w atmosferze poprzez zmianę parametrów geometrycznych emitorów oraz ich rozmieszczenia w terenie.

16

Application of Cassava Peels Activated Carbon in the Treatment of Oil Refinery Wastewater – A Comparative Analysis

Oghenejoboh K. M., Otuagoma S. O., Ohimor E. O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

52--58

EN

A comparative analysis of the efficiency of activated carbon produced from fermented cassava peels (CPB), unfermented cassava peels (CPA) and commercial grade activated carbon (CAC) in the treatment of refinery wastewater was carried out. CPB was found to be 8% and 18% more efficient when compared to CPA and CAC in the removal of COD, and 14% and 3% better than CAC and CPA respectively in the removal of BOD5. The removal efficiency of Pb2+ by CPB was 100% compared to 95% and 57% by CPA and CAC while 96% of phenol was removed by CPB against 93% and 83% by CPA and CAC respectively. This better performance of CPB over CPA and CAC is not unconnected with its higher pH resulting from the removal of cyanide from the peels during the fermentation process. However, despite the high phenol removal efficiency by CPB, the concentration of phenol in the treated effluent does not meet the environmental guidelines for disposal. It is therefore, recommended that a two-stage CPB adsorption column arranged in series is necessary to treat refinery wastewater efficiently if it is desired to totally remove phenol from the effluent or reduce the concentration to 0.005 mg/l allowed by the Federal environmental protection agency (FEPA). The equilibrium adsorption test conducted showed that the Freundlich isotherm is a better fit for the adsorption of phenol by the three activated carbons with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9364, 0.9383 and 0.9541 for CAC, CPA and CPB respectively. CPB was found to be a better adsorbent as it has the highest adsorptive capacity as evidenced from its better Freundlich exponent.

17

Titanium compounds and their impact on the transformation of air pollutants

Bok A., Bożym M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

|

Vol. 41, no. 3

213--222

EN

Titanium, as a transition metal, demonstrates a high mechanical strength. It is light and corrosion resistant. The estimation of the environmental impact of the use of machine parts that grains are freed from and contact the surface of titanium alloys by wear is buffing. Due to its catalytic action, TiO2 is nowadays added to asphalt, concrete, exterior paints for elevation, self-cleaning glass and protective coatings. It is also present in clothes, food (E171), cosmetics (CI 77891) and textiles. The research on the toxicity of titanium and its compounds points towards their neutral character, however an adverse impact is also observed in nature. TiO2 may affect air quality. It promotes free radicals and ozone origination. The properties and direction of the use of titanium compounds and their inf luence on the circulation of pollutants are described below.

18

Kontrola i ograniczanie emisji amoniaku ze źródeł rolniczych : Działania podejmowane na forum międzynarodowym

Lisowska-Mieszkowska E.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2014

|

nr 3

108--120

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi problemu zanieczyszczenia amoniakiem, rozwiązań jakie zostały wypracowane w ramach współpracy międzynarodowej i przewidywanych w nich zmian oraz sytuacji Polski na tym tle.

EN

Ammonia is a highly toxic gas, harmful to humans, animals and plants, produced while decomposition of animal manure and plant residues. It contributes to acidification and eutrophication of the environment. The largest anthropogenic source of ammonia emission is agriculture. Emission can be controlled and reduced by using appropriate agriculture practices. In Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone to Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution emission reduction commitments and measures for the control of ammonia emissions from agricultural sources were established. The Protocol was revised in 2012 and some technical annexes were changed. Poland is the party of the Convention and signatory of the Protocol. Ratification of the Protocol is planned in near future.

19

Zastosowanie sekwencyjnych reaktorów porcjowych do oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych

Masłoń A., Tomaszek J. A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

|

2011

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z. 58, nr 4

215-246

PL

Do oczyszczania wybranych ścieków przemysłowych szczególnie celowe jest zastosowanie metody osadu czynnego w sekwencyjnych reaktorach porcjowych (SBR). Celem pracy było zebranie możliwie jak najwięcej informacji na temat oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych w sekwencyjnych reaktorach porcjowych. Dokonano obszernego przeglądu piśmiennictwa dotyczącego oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych zarówno w klasycznych SBR, jak rownież w jego niekonwencjonalnych, innowacyjnych rozwiązaniach.

EN

The use of the activated sludge technology in the sequencing batch reactors SBR is particularly purposeful to the treatment of chosen industrial wastewaters. The aim of the paper was the collection of possibly how the most information on the subject of the industrial wastewaters treatment in the sequencing batch reactors. A literature review of industrial wastewaters treatment in conventional and innovative solutions of SBR reactors was presented.

20

Metody ograniczania emisji tlenków azotu NOx w spalinach zawierających nadmiar tlenu

Kruczyński S. W., Kamela W., Hofman P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2010

|

z. 2/78

5-12

PL

W powyższym artykule omówiono metody ograniczania emisji tlenków azotu w spalinach zawierających nadmiar tlenu. Opisano selektywną katalityczną redukcję NOx z wykorzystaniem jako reduktorów amoniaku i węglowodorów. Omówiono budowę układów dostarczania reduktora do spalin, przebieg procesów redukcji, oraz perspektywy rozwoju każdej z opisanych metod w świetle obowiązujących oraz planowanych norm emisji spalin.

EN

This article discusses methods to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases containing excess oxygen. It describes the selective catalytic reduction of NOx using ammonia as a reducing agent and hydrocarbons. It discusses the construction of systems which provide reductant to the exhaust gas, reduction processes and prospects for each of the methods described in the light of existing and proposed emission standards.