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Palynology of Oligocene lignites in two karst palaeosinkholes at Górażdże, Upper Silesia, Poland

Worobiec Elżbieta, Szulc Joachim

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 4

495--504

EN

A palynological analysis was carried out on about 115 samples from two borehole cores, containing the infills of two palaeosinkholes at Górażdże. In both sinkholes, well preserved palynofloras were found in several lignite samples. A total of 54 fossil species, including 5 species of cryptogam spores, 7 species of gymnosperm pollen and 42 species of angiosperm pollen, were identified. No marine palynomorphs or microremains re-deposited from older sediments have been found in these samples. The spore-pollen assemblage made it possible to date the sinkhole deposits. The composition of the assemblage (e.g., abundance of small tricolporate pollen grains of the Fagaceae family, including Cupuliferoipollenites pusillus, Fususpollenites fusus, and Quercoidites microhenricii) indicates that the age of the lignites in both sinkholes is early Oligocene. Thus, the deposits at Górażdże correspond to the 5th Czempiń lignite seam group. The 5th seam occurs mainly in northwestern Poland and its lignites were deposited in isolated wetland basins with marine influences. The terrestrial Górażdże palynoflora without any marine influence shows mainly local early Oligocene vegetation from the surrounding area. The results are also direct evidence of the multiphase palaeokarst of the Silesian-Cracow Upland, including the deposition of lignites of various ages.

2

Assessment of crossing compatibility between common rye Secale cereale ssp. cereale and a wild subspecies Secale cereale ssp. afghanicum (Vav.) Hammer

Mackiewicz D., Grzelak M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 4

31--38

EN

Tasks imposed by contemporary agriculture on plant breeding are becoming increasingly complex. In order to meet these requirements breeders are applying various methods to expand genetic variability of stock materials for breeding work. Distant crossing is one of them. Wild subspecies are potential donors of such traits as resistance to diseases, adverse environmental factors or male sterility. Pollen grain germination and penetration of pollen tubes were analyzed in the Secale cereale (L.) species based on pollination between three cultivars of common rye (cv. Dańkowskie Złote, Dańkowskie Nowe, Amilo) and a wild subspecies Secale cereale ssp. afghanicum. Reciprocal cross pollinations were performed and pistils were fixed at 10 time points from pollination from 10’ to 4 h. The process of fertilisation was observed by fluorescence staining preparations with aniline blue. In comparison to the control, i.e. open-pollination within cv. Dańkowskie Złote, pollen grain abundance and germination on stigmas in reciprocal crosses with the wild subspecies were lower. Pollen grain germination and penetration of pollen tubes to the ovary were delayed in relation to the control. Symptoms of incompatibility were observed, numerous kernels did not germinate and callose reaction was observed in pollen tubes, along with rupture of tubes and their disorientation, while a lower number of pollen tubes penetrated to ovaries. In all the tested combinations pollen tubes were observed at the micropyles as late as after 4 h from pollination, with pollination efficiency within 0.36-7.91 %. In the control experiment penetration of pollen tubes into micropyles was observed as early as after 2³°h at pollination efficiency of 91%. It was found that in the three tested rye cultivars the pollen-pistil interaction varied, with cv. Dańkowskie Złote confirmed as the best for crossing with Secale cereale ssp. afghanicum. No marked differences were found between directions of crossing in processes taking place at the stigma. Crossing efficiency was poor, although it was higher when common rye was the maternal plant.

PL

Współczesne rolnictwo stawia przed hodowlą coraz trudniejsze zadania. Aby sprostać tym wymogom hodowcy starają się różnymi metodami poszerzyć zmienność genetyczną materiałów wyjściowych do hodowli. Jedną z tych metod jest krzyżowanie oddalone. Dzikie podgatunki są potencjalnymi dawcami takich cech jak odporność na choroby, złe czynniki środowiskowe czy męska niepłodność. Przeprowadzono analizy procesu kiełkowania ziaren pyłku i wnikania łagiewek pyłkowych w obrębie gatunku Secale cereale (L.), dokonując zapyleń pomiędzy trzema odmianami żyta uprawnego (cv. Dańkowskie Złote, Dańkowskie Nowe, Amilo) a podgatunkiem dzikim Secale cereale ssp. afghanicum. Wykonano zapylenia wzajemnoprzemienne i utrwalono słupki po 10 czasach od zapylenia od 10’ do 4h. Przeprowadzono obserwacje procesu zapłodnienia metodą fluorescencyjną, barwiąc preparaty błękitem anilinowym. W porównaniu do kontroli tj. obcozapylenia w obrębie odmiany Dańkowskie Złote, opylenie i proces kiełkowania ziaren pyłku na znamionach w krzyżówkach wzajemnoprzemiennych z podgatunkiem dzikim były słabsze. Opóźniony w stosunku do kontroli był proces kiełkowania ziaren i wnikania łagiewek do zalążni. Ujawniały się symptomy niezgodności, liczne ziarna pozostawały nieskiełkowane a w łagiewkach obserwowano reakcję kalozową, pękanie łagiewek i dezorientację ich, łagiewki mniej licznie wnikały do zalążni. We wszystkich badanych kombinacjach obserwowano łagiewki przy mikropyle jednak dopiero po 4 godz. od zapylenia a efektywność zapylenia wahała się 0,36-7,91 %. W kontrolnym doświadczeniu wnikanie łagiewek do mikropyle obserwowano już po 2³°h a efektywność zapylenia wynosiła 91%. Stwierdzono, że u badanych trzech odmian żyta reakcja ziarno pyłku - znamię była różna. Najlepszą do krzyżowania z Secale cereale ssp. afghanicum okazał się cv. Dańkowskie Złote. Nie zaobserwowano większych różnic w procesach na znamieniu pomiędzy kierunkami krzyżowania. Efektywność krzyżowania była słaba i wyższa gdy matką było żyto uprawne.

3

The palynofacies pattern for the Lower Cretaceous of central Poland

Leszczyński K., Waksmundzka M.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 1

101–-112

EN

Sedimentary environments and palynofacies were identified in the Lower Cretaceous of central Poland. The study was based on lithological observations, sedimentological logging and palynological investigations in the following boreholes: Poddębice PIG2, Koło IG3 and IG4, Wągrowiec IG1, Sarnów IG1, Ciechocinek IG3, Mszczonów IG1, Korabiewice PIG1, Człuchów IG2, Klosnowo IG1 and Tuchola IG1. Palynological observations were correlated with sedimentological, lithofacies and paleogeographical data. Sedimentary environments and palynofacies were analysed in the vertical section, and spatially in different areas: in the central basin area, in the carbonate-clastic deposition zone, in the transitional zone (deltaic sedimentation) and in a zone of an active salt pillow. The following sedimentary environments were identified in the Lower Cretaceous: upper shoreface and lower-middle shoreface with transitions to an offshore-open marine shelf, delta (?delta front) passing up into distributary channel fills on a delta plain, presumed barrier and shallow-marine embayment, lagoon and shallow carbonate-siliciclastic shelf. In case of the absence of diagnostic features for exact determination of sedimentary environments, the environments were defined as generally marine or transitional (probably deltaic). A maximum flooding surface has been identified in the Poddębice PIG2 section, represented by a thin dark-grey marl bed which seems to be dated at the Berriasian/Lower Valanginian transition. The relationships between sedimentary environments and the characteristics of the palynofacies spectrum were determined, and a palynofacies pattern for the Lower Cretaceous of central Poland was proposed in a tabular form.

4

The first palynological data of the Middle Jurassic deposits from borehole 16, Elektrougli (Moscow region, Russia)

Rostovtseva J. I.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2012

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Vol. 38, no. 4

523--524

EN

The palynological analysis of the Middle Jurassic deposits has been carried out for the borehole No. 16 and No. 5 located in Elektrougli west of Moscow region (Russia). Twenty samples have been macerated from clays of these two boreholes. Only one of them contained palynomorphs (spores and pollen) in sufficient amount. As a result the single palynological assemblage was established. Pollen grains are abundant (over 55% of the total of the assemblage). The grains of Alisporites similis (Balme) Dettmann, and A lowoodensis de Jersey dominates among the pollen reaching to 22% of the assemblage. It should be noted that a lot of different coniferous pollen grains from ancient deposits were found here, as such as: A. parvus de Jersey, A. robustus Nilsson and Pseudopinus textilis Bolchovitina. There were also the pollen grains of Cycadopites sp. (6%), and Sciadopityspollenites mesozoicus Couper (4%). A few pollen of Vitreisporites pallidus (Reissinger) Nilsson with affinity to Caytoniales, Perinopollenites elatoides Couper and Ephedripites sp. were rarely discovered. There are a lot of spores (45%) in the studied palynoassemblage. Spores of Filicopsida (12%) are represented by Dictyophyllidites harrisii Couper, Leiotriletes magna (de Jersey) Norris, Deltoidospora juncta (Kara-Murza) Singh with affinity to the genera Dicksonia, and Matoniasporites related to Matoniaceae. There are a few spores (10%) of Cyatheaceae (Cyathidites minor Couper). The spores of hydrophilic ferns are represented by Osmundacidites jurassicus Couper, Baculatisporites comaumensis (Cookson) Potonie, and Todisporites minor Couper. There are various lycopods (5%): Uvaesporites verrucosus (de Jersey) Helby in de Jersey, Densoisporites velatus Weyland & Krieger, Lycopodiumsporites clavatoides Couper; Lycopodiumsporites subrotundum (Kara-Murza) Pocock and moss spores of Polycingulatisporites crenulatus Playford & Dettmann (2%) which are typical for the Bajocian deposits. There are very common the tuberculous forms such as Leptolepidites sp. and Camptotriletes cerebramiformis Maljavkina. The acritarchs are represented by Leiosphaeridia sp. This assemblage can be compare with palynological assemblage of the Bajocian age from Denmark (Nielsen et al. 2010) by comparable quantity of Cyatheaceae and presence of Caytoniales pollen. Thus studied palynological assemblage has the Bajocian age documented by presence of Polycingulatisporites crenulatus, Alisporites similis, A. lowoodensis and also ancient forms of A. parvus, A. robustus, Uvaesporites verrucosus, Baculatisporites comaumensis which are typical for the Aalenian Age. The quantity of lycopods, moss and ferns of Osmundaceae indicates the lake-mire continental conditions of the studied region.

5

Spore-pollen and phytoplankton analysis of the Upper Miocene depositsfrom Józefina (Kraków-Silesia Upland, Poland)

Worobiec E., Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 1

41-54

EN

Pollen grains, spores and phytoplankton from the Neogene succession of a borehole at Józefina (northern part of the Kraków–Silesia Upland, Poland) have been studied. The composition of the pollen spectra and the mutual ratio of palaeotropical and arctotertiary elementssuggest a Late Miocene age. Among the pollen grains, there are significant elements characteristic of riparian forests (Pterocarya, Caryaand Liquidambar) and mixed mesophytic forests (Pinus, Fagus and Carpinus). Such a pollen and spore association suggests a temperateand mid-wet climate, cooler than during the Early and Mid Miocene period, but still warmer than the present-day climate of Poland. Thismakes the pollen-spore association from Józefina comparable with XII climatic phase represented by the Carpinipites-Juglandaceaespore-pollen zone. The occurrence of aquatic plants and freshwater algae (e.g., Sigmopollis, Zygnemataceae and desmids) indicates alacustrine palaeoenvironment.

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Środowiska sedymentacji i palinofacje kredy dolnej w kilku otworach wiertniczych centralnej Polski

Leszczyński K., Waksmundzka M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 432

99-121

PL

Na podstawie badań litologicznych i profilowań sedymentologicznych, dokonano wstępnego rozpoznania środowisk sedymentacyjnych i palinofacji kredy dolnej centralnej części Niżu Polskiego w otworach wiertniczych Sarnów IG 1, Wągrowiec IG 1 i Poddębice PIG 2. Wykonano dokładną analizę spektrum palinologicznego: stosunku zawartości planktonu do całości palinomorf, ilości fitoklastów w całkowitym kerogenie oraz zawartości materii organicznej. Przeprowadzono korelacje danych palinologicznych z danymi sedymentologicznymi (profilowania sedymentologiczne rdzeni wiertniczych), litofacjalnymi i paleogeograficznymi. Na podstawie analizowanego materiału, i w nawiązaniu do określonego w badaniach palinofacjalnych spektrum palinologicznego, wydzielono w osadach kredy dolnej następujące środowiska morskie: przybrzeża górnego (upper shoreface) i przybrzeża dolnego-środkowego (lower-midle shoreface) z przejściem do odbrzeża (offshore) do zbiornika otwartego szelfu (open marine szelf), deltowe (?czoło delty, delta front) z wyżej występującymi osadami ?kanałów rozprowadzających (distributary channels) równi deltowej oraz prawdopodobnie barier i płytkiej zatoki morskiej (embayment). W otworze wiertniczym Poddębice PIG 2 zidentyfikowano powierzchnię maksymalnego zalewu (maximum flooding surface) reprezentowaną przez warstewkę ciemnoszarego marglu, która wydaje się być datowana na przełom beriasu i walanżsau dolnego. Przeprowadzone badania są pierwszym i wstępnym podejściem do podjętej problematyki związku palinofacji ze środowiskami sedymentacyjnymi w kredzie dolnej.

EN

The paper presents a preliminary recognition of sedimentary environments and palynofacies in Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Sarnów IG 1, Wągrowiec IG 1 and Poddębice PIG 2 boreholes of central part of the Polish Lowland, central Poland, based on lithological and sedimentological investigations. A detailed analysis of palynological spectrum included determination of the contents of plankton (in relation to total frequency of palynomorphs), phytoclast in total kerogen, and organic matter. Palynological data were subsequently correlated with the results of sedimentological logging of drill cores, as well as with lithological observations and overall palaeogeographical research. Based on the material analysed, and referring to the identified palynological spectrum, the following sedimentary environments have been distinguished in the Lower Cretaceous sections: upper shoreface and lower-middle shoreface with transitions to an offshore-open marine shelf, delta (?delta front) passing up into distributary channel fills on a delta plain, and presumed barrier and shallow-marine embayment. A maximum flooding surface has been identified in the Poddębice PIG 2 section, represented by a thin dark-grey marl bed which seems to be dated at the Berriasian/Lower Valanginian transition. The investigations are the first, preliminary approach to the problem of relationship between palynofacies and sedimentary environments in the Lower Cretaceous of Poland.

7

Wstępne wyniki badań zony aulisporites astigmosus w otworze wiertniczym solarnia IG-1 (kajper).

Staneczko K.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2007

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Vol. 120, nr 49

285-295

PL

Artykuł zawiera opis zony palinologicznej Aulisporites astigmosus wyróżnionej w epikontynentalnych utworach kajpru. Materiał prezentowany tu pobrany został z rdzenia otworu wiertniczego Solarnia IG-1 i jest jedynie wstępem do badań palinologicznych triasu prowadzonych przez autorkę na terenie obrzeżenia Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego. Jedna z mikrospor odnotowano w dużych ilościach - Aulisporites astigmosus (Leschik) Klaus - jest gatunkiem wskaźnikowym i charakterystycznym dla "piaskowca trzcinowego". Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat wieku piaskowca trzcinowego w nawiązaniu do palinologii (mikrospory) na podstawie własnych obserwacji oraz danych archiwalnych w oparciu o dane litologiczne.

EN

The paper contains a description of palynological assemblage of Aulisporites astigmosus zone distinguished in Keuper epicontinental sediments. The material presented here was collected from the core of Solarnia IG-1 borehole. Those are only preliminary palynological investigation results of Triassic of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin margin. One species - Aulisporites astigmosus (Leschik) Klaus - is noticed in large quantities and considered as the indicator of reed sandstone. The aim of the paper is to present the up-to-date knowledge of reed sandstone age with reference to palynology (microspores) and lithology using current studies and archives.

8

The Lower Jurassic flora from Odrowąż – state of investigations

Barbacka M., Ziaja J., Wcisło-Luraniec E.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

229-229

EN

The Early Jurassic (Hettangian) fossil plants from the Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland have been worked out for many years. First data regarding plant macrofossils from this area were published at the end of the XIX-th century by Raciborski (northern part of the Holy Cross Mts. margin) and later, at the beginning of the XX-th century by Makarewiczówna (neighbourhood of Ostrowiec). Later, Reymanówna continued studies on a newly discovered locality in Odrowąż (known also as Sołtyków). Because of relatively poor preservation of the material, it was not investigated methodically, and only some species were described. Wcisło-Luraniec prepared the taxonomical list of macroflora, while Ziaja researched palynology. Last years, dinosaur findings in this locality caused an increase of interest in the palaeoenvironment of Odrowąż, so that reconstruction of vegetation and plant descriptions became topical. The existing list of taxa contains: horsetails - Neocalamites sp.; ferns - Todites princeps (Presl) Gothan, Phlebopteris angustiloba (Presl) Hirmer & Horhammer, Thaumatopteris schenkii Nathorst; seed ferns - Caytonia sp., Pachypteris sp.; bennettites - Otozamites sp., Pterophyllum sp.; ginkgophytes - Schmeissneria microstachys (Presl) Kirchner & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert; conifers - Swedenborgia sp., Podozamites sp., and Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung. Recently, it has increased with some species: horsetails - Equisetites sp.; ferns - Woodwardites microlobus Schenk, Dictyophyllum sp., Sphenopteris kirchneri Goeppert; and cycads - Paracycas cteis Harris. Also, some determinations were specified: Pachypteris lanceolata Brongniart, Otozamites brevifolius Braun, Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindley & Hutton) Braun, and a new species was proposed, Pterophyllum alinae. Sixty-three taxa of fossil pollen grains and spores from Odrowąż have been recognized by now. The Classopollis pollen grains were isolated from Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung male cones. The pollen grains from these cones are identical as dispersed Classopollis torosus (Reissinger) Couper from Odrowąż. The microflora were compared with the macroflora from investigated locality. The major plant groups of the microflora correspond to plant groups represented in the macroflora. The age of sediments from Odrowąż has been established as Hettangian on the basis of spore and pollen grain composition and the presence of an index species Aratrisporites minimus Schulz. It confirms the earlier opinion on the age of these sediments based on geological and macrofloristical investigations.