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The occurrence of the Chandler effect in the Baltic Sea and in the atmosphere of the adjacent region

Wróblewski A.

Oceanologia

1999

No. 41 (4)

515-536

The Chandler effect (CE) has been shown to occur in the atmospheric pressure and geostrophic wind fields over the North and Baltic Seas and contiguous parts of Europe. The atmospheric pressure grid over the area bounded by 50oN-65oN and 0oE-30oE covers atmospheric fields that directly, or indirectly - via the North Sea - affect the variability of sea levels in the Baltic. The variances, amplitudes, phases and the 50% significance isolines of the CE atmospheric field oscillations under investigation and the first EOF of these fields were computed. Their characteristics were compared with an annual and a half-yearly period. Similar characteristics were computed for sea levels. The occurrence of CE is discussed in brief with respect to the North Sea, at six stations typifying the variability of the Baltic Sea level, and for the mean sea level in the Baltic basin. These oscillations in the Baltic Sea level are shown to have varied over a period of many decades. The amplitudes are compared with the oscillations under equilibrium conditions. It has been demonstrated that to a considerable extent, CE in the North Sea and in the zonal circulation force this phenomenon in the Baltic, and that internal forcing is of secondary importance. The wobbles of the Earth's axis of rotation are briefly characterised for the period under scrutiny. The basic computations were performed on the basis of data obtained between 1901 and 1980, i.e. reliable series of sea level readings, atmospheric data and variability in polar position.