Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Paul Felix, Schwarz Carina, Audh Riesna Reuben, Bluhm J., Johnson Siobhan, MacHutchon Keith, Mielke Tommy, Mishra A., Rampai Tokoloho, Ricken Tim, Schwarz Alexander, Skatulla Sebastian, Thom Andrea, Verrinder Robyn, Schröder Jörg, Vichi Marcello, Lupascu Doru C.

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, No. 3

5--53

EN

Earth System Models (ESM), simulating sea ice and its interaction with the atmosphere and open ocean, require reliable physical, chemical, and biological input from measurements. There is limited data available from the Marginal Ice Zone of the Antarctic, where sea ice growth mechanisms differ from the Arctic. The main objective of this study is to review existing work related to Antarctic sea ice and highlight gaps in the available literature. The mechanical properties of sea ice and the numerical modeling of sea ice across all scales are covered. We summarize the genesis, physical mechanics, static and dynamic properties, strength, toughness, and transport of young sea ice as well as medium to large scale observation. On the computational mechanics side large- and small-scale modeling, ocean-sea ice and atmosphere-sea ice models, as well as sea ice rheology models, sea ice fracture mechanics, and bio-geo-chemical interaction processes are captured. The synergy between the physical and computational mechanics brings to light missing information from both fields. Plain language summary (PLS) Sea ice determines the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere in both the southern and northern hemispheres. Its formation and annual development is subject to mechanical interaction with ocean currents and winds. This review covers the mechanics of sea ice in the Antarctic and its relation to the Arctic covering experiment and modelling. Impact on the climate is discussed.

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The attractiveness of polar regions as the zones of silence

Mamzer Hanna

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PB)

557--564

EN

Post-modern societies are characterized by information-based functions that generate the anthropogenic stimuli (as opposed to the industrial society of energy processing and the traditional society whose activities are related to the production of natural crops). Hence, life in the information overload becomes a tiresome daily reality, from which only a very few may escape. These escapers might be regarded as consumers of the new type of ‘luxury goods’ such as: silence experiencing and positively valorized solitude allowing deeper insight into oneself. The polar regions provide an opportunity to withdraw from the anthropogenic noise of the civilization. I do believe that it is one of the most significant drivers of the increasing popularity of traveling to these regions of the world.

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Mapping of polar areas based on high-resolution satellite images : the example of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

Kurczyński Z., Różycki S., Bylina P.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2017

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Vol. 104

65--78

EN

To produce orthophotomaps or digital elevation models, the most commonly used method is photogrammetric measurement. However, the use of aerial images is not easy in polar regions for logistical reasons. In these areas, remote sensing data acquired from satellite systems is much more useful. This paper presents the basic technical requirements of different products which can be obtain (in particular orthoimages and digital elevation model (DEM)) using Very-High-Resolution Satellite (VHRS) images. The study area was situated in the vicinity of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on the Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Western Antarctic. Image processing was applied on two triplets of images acquired by the Pléiades 1A and 1B in March 2013. The results of the generation of orthoimages from the Pléiades systems without control points showed that the proposed method can achieve Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3–9 m. The presented Pléiades images are useful for thematic remote sensing analysis and processing of measurements. Using satellite images to produce remote sensing products for polar regions is highly beneficial and reliable and compares well with more expensive airborne photographs or field surveys.

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Usłonecznienie w Arktyce Europejskiej i Grenlandii na podstawie danych z wybranych stacji strefy polarnej

Matuszko D., Celiński-Mysław D., Soroka J.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2015

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Nr 25

127--138

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zmienność usłonecznienia w rejonach polarnych na podstawie danych z wybranych stacji Arktyki Europejskiej i Grenlandii. Do ogólnej charakterystyki wykorzystano średnie sumy miesięczne ze standardowego 30-lecia (1961-1990) z 15 stacji położonych na północ od koła polarnego, natomiast szczegółową analizę wykonano na podstawie danych z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie (lata 1979-2014) oraz ze stacji: Bjornoya (lata 1961-2004), Tromso (lata 1961-2014), Bodo VI (lata 1961-2005) i Barentsburg (lata 1961-2014). W strefie polarnej duży wpływ na wartości usłonecznienia oprócz czynników astronomicznych i cyrkulacyjnych mają warunki lokalne. Największe sumy roczne usłonecznienia występują na Grenlandii (Danmarkshavn – 1967 godzin) znajdującej się w strefie oddziaływania stałego wyżu, natomiast najmniejsze na stacji Bjornoya (595 godzin), co związane jest z położeniem wyspy na szlaku niżów i związanych z nimi frontów atmosferycznych powodujących duże zachmurzenie. Przebieg wieloletni usłonecznienia w rejonach na północ od koła polarnego w niewielkim stopniu nawiązuje do tendencji obserwowanych na stacjach w pozostałej części Europy – zmniejszenia liczby godzin ze słońcem w latach pięćdziesiątych do osiemdziesiątych XX wieku, a następnie wzrostu w ostatnich dwóch dekadach XX wieku.

EN

The aim of this study is to characterize sunshine duration in the polar regions based on the data from selected stations located north of the European Arctic and Greenland. Mean monthly totals of sunshine duration from standard 30-year period (1961-1990) from 15 stations located north of the Arctic Circle were used for general characteristics, and a detailed analysis was performed based on the data from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (1961-2014) and from the stations: Bjornoya (1961-2004), Tromso (1961-2014), Bodo VI (1961-2005) and Barentsburg (1961-2014). In the polar regions, local conditions in addition to astronomical and circulation factors have influence on values of sunshine duration. Analysis of the variability of sunshine duration in the polar regions confirmed large regional differences of this element at the analyzed stations of European Arctic and Greenland. In the polar regions, apart from the astronomical factors (polar day and night), local conditions have a big impact on sunshine duration values (orography – horizon covering, the low position of the solar disc and methodical aspect of measurements – e.g. changing the traditional instrument for the automatic one). The conducted analysis showed that the course of annual sunshine duration depends mainly on the station location (latitude and cloudiness influenced by orographic and circulation factors). Similar annual course with a maximum in May occurs in stations located on similar latitudes (Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, Bjornoya, Thule and Danmarkshavn). However, the least sunshine is present Aat Bjornoya station (595 hours) due to heavy cloudiness associated with predominance of lows, and the largest in Danmarkshavn (1967), located within Greenland High. Based on the conducted analysis and cited literature it can be concluded that the long-term course of sunshine duration in the polar regions to a small extent refers to the trend observed in European stations. This fact can suggest anthropogenic causes of global dimming and brightening. Sunshine duration series from Barentsburg shows a statistically significant negative trend, while in Krakow, an increase of sunshine is observed, which is in line with trends in the rest of Europe.

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Kompas satelitarny jako kompas na rejony polarne

Felski A., Różański K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2013

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R. 54 nr 3 (194)

129--146

PL

W ostatniej dekadzie coraz powszechniejsze zastosowanie znajdują tzw. kompasy satelitarne (specyficzna odmiana odbiorników nawigacji satelitarnej), które poza standardowymi dla odbiorników systemu GPS informacjami pozwalają wyznaczać kąty orientacji przestrzennej nosiciela. Atrakcyjność tych kompasów zdaje się wzrastać wraz ze wzrostem szerokości geograficznej akwenu, w przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnych rozwiązań magnetycznych i żyroskopowych, które w tych rejonach wykazują istotne niedoskonałości. W artykule opisano badania istotnych własności pomiarowych wybranych konstrukcji kompasów satelitarnych w rejonach polarnych obejmujących wody okalające Spitsbergen oraz na Zatoce Gdańskiej.

EN

For the last decade so called satellite compasses (special version of satellite navigation receivers) have been in more and more common use. Apart from standard GPS data they can also be used to determine special orientation angles of the carrier. The attraction of these compasses seems to be growing with the growth of geographical latitude of the water area in contrast to traditional magnetic and gyroscopic solutions, which display significant imperfections in these regions. The paper presents the results of significant measurement properties of some selected satellite compasses in polar regions including waters around Spitsbergen and the Bay of Gdańsk.