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1

Fe-analysis of patterning of shear zones in granular bodies for earth pressure problems of a retaining wall

Tejchman J.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2004

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Vol. 51, nr 4

317-348

EN

The evolution of shear zones in granular bodies for earth pressure problems of a retaining wall in conditions of plane strain was analyzed. The passive and active failure of a retaining wall was discussed. The calculations were carried out with a rigid and very rough retaining wall undergoing horizontal translation, rotation around the top and rotation around the bottom. The behaviour of dry sand was numerically modelled with a finite element method using a hypoplastic constitutive relation with polar extensions. Attention was paid to the influence of different wall movements on shear localization. The initial void ratio was assumed to be non-uniformly distributed. The geometry of calculated shear zones was compared with corresponding experimental results of laboratory model tests.

2

Effect of heterogeneity on shear zone formation during plane strain compression

Tejchman J.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2004

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Vol. 51, nr 2

149-181

EN

Heterogeneity of granular materials triggers shear zone formation. In the paper, the FE-analysis of the effect of the material heterogeneity on the formation of a spontaneous shear zone inside of granular materials during a plane strain compression test is presented. The numerical calculations are performed with a finite element method on the basis of a hypoplastic constitutive law extended by polar quantities: rotations, curvatures and couple stresses. A mean grain diameter is used as a characteristic length. The constitutive law takes into account the effect of pressure, void ratio, direction of deformation rate and mean grain diameter on the behaviour of granular bodies. The heterogeneity in the granular body is assumed in the form of spots with a different initial void ratio. The spots are single or distributed randomly and stochastically with an exponential probability function. The single spots are distributed sparsely and densely in an initially dense and loose granular specimen. Special attention is focused on the effect of heterogeneity on the onset of shear localization and its thickness at residual state.

3

Evolution of shear localisation in earth pressure problems of a retaining wall

Tejchman J.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2002

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Vol. 6, No 3

387-410

EN

The paper deals with numerical investigations of the evolution of shear localisation in granular bodies for earth pressure problems of a retaining wall in conditions of plane strain. The passive and active failure of a retaining wall in sand is discussed. The calculations are carried out with a rigid and very rough retaining wall undergoing horizontal translation, rotation around the top and rotation around the bottom. The behaviour of dry sand is numerically modelled with a finite element method using a hypoplastic constitutive relation within a polar (Cosserat) continuum. The constitutive relation is obtained through extension by polar quantities, viz. rotations, curvatures and couple stresses, using the mean grain diameter as a characteristic length. During FE-calculations, the attention is laid on the influence of different wall movements on shear localisation. In addition, the effects of the initial void ratio, distribution of the initial void ratio and mean grain diameter, pressure level and size of the sand body and retaining wall is investigated in the case of a passive wall translation. The FE-results are compared with corresponding experimental results of laboratory model tests.

4

Numerical studies on patterning of shear zone in granular bodies

Tejchman J.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2000

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Vol. 4, No 3

485-516

EN

The paper deals with numerical investigations on the patterning of shear zones in granular bodies. The behaviour of dry sand during plane strain compression tests was numerically modelled with a finite element method using a hypoplastic constitutive relation within a polar (Cosserat) continuum. The constitutive relation was obtained through an extension of a non-polar one by polar quantities, viz. rotations, curvatures, couple stresses using the mean grain diameter as a characteristic length. This relation can reproduce the essential features of granular bodies during shear localisation. The material constants can be easily determined from element test results and can be estimated from granulometric properties. The attention is laid on the influence of boundary conditions and the distribution of imperfections in the granular specimen on the formation of patterns of shear zones.

5

FE-Modelling of behaviour of granular anchors in rock and soils

Wehr J., Tejchman J.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2000

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Vol. 4, No 3

517-526

EN

The paper is concerned with granular anchors in rock and soils. Model tests and numerical calculations were performed. The effect of different parameters on the behaviour of anchors was investigated: anchor length, anchor diameter, initial density and mean grain diameter of the granular material, anchor roughness and stiffness of the borehole wall. The experiments were modelled with a finite element method and a polar hypoplastic constitutive relation. The relation can capture the salient properties of granular materials during shearing. A satisfactory agreement between experiments and numerical calculations was obtained. Advantages and limitations of granular anchors in rock and soils were outlined.