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Poljanska gospodarka jak produkt і chinnik formuvannja landshaftu (na prikladі regіonu Bojjkіvshhina, Ukraїnskі Karpati)

Boiko Igor, Łach Janusz

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2020

nr 43 (1)

73--96

Doslіdzhennja pokazali, shho prirodnі resursi, a takozh strategіja prirodokoristuvannja jj rozselennja stvorjujut peredumovi dlja funkcіonuvannja poljanskoї gospodarki ta poljanskoї kulturi v cіlomu. Vodnochas same poljanska gospodarka, a takozh rіznі budіvlі, stvorjujut specifіchnijj kulturno-prirodnijj landshaft. Tradicіjjne gospodarstvo – єdina umova gomeostazu poljanskogo landshaftu. Suttєvі zmіni poljanskoї gospodarki prizvodjat do transformacії cіlogo kulturno-prirodnogo kompleksu: porushennja gіdrologіchnogo rezhimu ґruntіv, erozіjjnikh procesіv, vitіsnennja maloproduktivnim travostoєm, kushhami jj derevami luk іz bagatovidovim skladom. Na pochatku XXI st. vіdbuvajutsja rіznovektornі procesi: a) poljanskі landshafti znikajut, zarostajuchi lіsom; b) poljani іz cіlorіchnim, vodnochas sezonnim perebuvannjam domashnikh tvarin ta ljudejj, peretvorjujutsja na: 1) lіtnarkovі fіlіali chi sіnokosi; 2) vіkendovі oselі; 3) postіjjnі oselі (ojjkumenu) chi drugu rezidencіju.

The studies have shown that natural resources, as well as the strategy of environmental management and settlement, create preconditions for the functioning of glade farming and glade culture in general. At the same time, it is glade farming, as well as various buildings, that create a specific cultural and natural landscape. Traditional farming is the only condition of homeostasis for a glade landscape. One significant transformation of glade farming leads to a transformation of the whole cultural and natural complex: disturbance of the hydrological regime of the soil, erosion processes, and displacement of multispecies meadows with low-yield grass, bushes and trees. At the beginning of the 21st century, multi-vector processes took place: a) glade landscapes themselves disappeared, becoming overgrown with forest; b) glades with year-round and, at the same time, seasonal stays of domestic animals and people, were transformed into: 1) places for summer stays or hayfields; 2) weekend residences; 3) permanent residences (ecumens) or other types of residences.