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Rolnicze wykorzystanie terenów zalewowych powyżej zbiornika Jeziorsko

Walczak N., Hämmerling M., Szymczak-Graczyk A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

225-233

PL

Teren zalewowy jest to pas ziemi leżący wzdłuż cieków wodnych, porośnięty często łęgowymi zespołami roślinnymi związanymi funkcjonalnie z wylewami rzeki i stanowiący strefę przejściową do ekosystemów roślin grądowych. Bardzo często roślinność występująca w tym pasie złożona jest z roślin jednorocznych, krzewów oraz drzew, o różnej wysokości i charakteryzujących się różnym zagęszczeniem. Część z tych obszarów wykorzystywana jest rolniczo jako pastwiska i łąki, z których można uzyskać paszę dla zwierząt. Na podstawie dokumentacji fotograficznej terenów zalewowych i badań terenowych przeprowadzanych w powyżej zbiornika Jeziorsko wykazano istotne różnice w sposobie zagospodarowania w analizowanych przekrojach dolinowych. Znacznie mniejszy rozwój roślinności krzewiastej, a właściwie jej brak obserwuje się na obszarach wykorzystanych do wypasu bydła.

EN

Flood plains are a specific sedimentary environment. They constitute a natural clarifier tank and filter for rivers carrying various impurities including: heavy metals and biogenic elements, which are transported during floods and floods. Much of these pollutants are accumulated on the river bank called a bufferstrip. It comprises a strip of land lying along the watercourses, often overgrown with riparian plant associations related functionally to the flooding of the river and forming a transition zone ecosystem of oak-hornbeam forest plants. The vegetation found in this strip is very often made up of annual plants, shrubs and trees of different heights and characterized by diversified density. Some of these areas are used for agriculture as pastures and meadows, providing animal feed. On the basis of aerial photographs, maps and studies, significant differences in the way development in the analyzed part of valley is shown. Much smaller growth of shrubs of a complete lack thereof is observed in the areas used for grazing cattle. Despite the favorable conditions (access to water and light), the continuous grazing on vegetation by animals did not develop in a manner threatening the reduction of floodplains bandwidth.

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Optical method for determining anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility of nematic and polar anchoring energy coefficient of nematic-substrate systems by using a cell of varying thickness

Kędzierski J., Raszewski Z., Kojdecki M., Zieliński J., Miszczyk E., Lipińska L.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2004

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Vol. 12, No. 3

299-303

EN

A wedge cell of the wedge angle of the order of few milliradians was used to measure threshold magnetic fields for the magnetic Freedericksz transition [1-3]. A nematic liquid crystal filling the cell was of planar orientation enforced by the treatment of the flat boundary plates. A system of interference fringes appeared in the cell placed in normally incident light between analyser and polariser crossed. In the vicinity of each fringe, the cell could be considered as a flat-parallel one and hence it was equivalent to a system of flat cells of different precisely determined thickness, the same relates to any cell of slowly-varying thickness and flat cover plates. The threshold magnetic field magnitudes were interpreted as eigenvalues of the boundary eigenvalue problem for the operator of the second derivative; the interaction between the nematics and the substrate was described by the Rapini-Papoular formula [3] (i.e., weak coupling was considered). The resulting formulae were used to determine the polar anchoring energy coefficient and the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility after the threshold fields measured. The method was applied to characterise the nematic liquid crystal 5CB and the coupling between it and the substrates made of poly(amic acid) MP2 [4, 5]. The estimates of material parameters agreed pretty well with those determined by the composite method [6].

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Wpływ podstawowych cech rozłogu pola na koszty jego uprawy

Harasimowicz St.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2001

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R. 73, nr 12

10-15