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PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów lodowego wypełnienia koryta dolnej Wisły, przeprowadzonych przez zespół badawczy IG UMK zimą 2010 r. Wykonano je w górnej części zbiornika włocławskiego i na rzece powyżej. Procentowy udział lodu w przekroju poprzecznym koryta i jego zmienność wzdłuż biegu rzeki to parametry, które w największym stopniu odpowiadają za rzędne piętrzenia wody podczas sytuacji zatorowej.
EN
The article presents results of the lower Vistula riverbed ice filling measurements, carried out by a research team of the Institute of Geography at the Nicolas Copernicus University in the winter 2010. The measurements were carried out in the upper part of the Włocławek reservoir and on the river upstream. The percent share of ice in the riverbed cross-section and its variability along the river course are parameters having the largest influence on the water damming up ordinates during an ice jam situation.
2
Content available remote Zjawiska deformacji pokryw lodowych na wybrzeżu polskim
EN
Results of measurements and observations collected during the author's long-term studies on ice fields have been used to describe some phenomena associated with ice cover disintegration in the Polish coastal waters. The data were gathered from numerous ice transects on which thousands of measurements were made of thickness of ice cover, piles, rafts, and other forms of ice. Photographic documentation of the study sites and individuals ice cover forms was prepared. The first pan of the paper discussed selected phenomena related to ice cover deformations in coastal waters. The main focus is on conditions under which such phenomena as ice rafting, win-drowing, hummocking, and grease ice ridging, typical of sea coasts, emerge. The second part deals with selected phenomena associated with ice cover deformations in sheltered areas of the Polish coasts. Conditions favouring ice rafting and thrusting of ice rafts onto the shore are presented. A particular attention is paid to the process of ice hummock formation, hum-mock level reduction (as a result of melting and fall-off), and the formation of depressions around hummocks. The hummocking pattern described allows to explain the presence of tall hummocks which, in coastal lagoon, may be even as high as 10 m above the water level. The concluding part of the paper is focused on destructive effects of ice cover in the coastal zone, particularly in the eastern parts of sheltered areas. Intensification of those adverse effects in the sheltered areas is related to climate warming. The frequent alternation of cool and warm periods results in alternate formation and disintegration of ice cover. In addition, the transition periods are usually associated with strong winds which enhance the dynamics of ice phenomena
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