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Wpływ działań służących gospodarowaniu wodą deszczową na pojemność retencyjną terenów mieszkaniowych

Gama Marques Paulina

Builder

2022

R.26, nr 6

37--41

Zwiększenie pojemności retencyjnej miast jest jednym z głównych celów adaptacji do zmian klimatu. Analiza systemu gospodarowania wodami opadowymi powinna zacząć się od tego, co się dzieje z wodą deszczową: czy ulega spływowi powierzchniowemu, czy jest infiltrowana, czy jest retencjonowana tymczasowo albo stale. Jednak zastosowanie elementów systemu nie tworzy samego systemu, a tym samym zamiast prezentować idee zrównoważonego rozwoju, mogą być one przykładem greenwashingu. Analizie zostało poddane osiedle mieszkaniowe we Wrocławiu. Praca skupia się na rozpoznaniu elementów służących gospodarowaniu wodą deszczową, przedstawia schemat ich działania oraz poddaje weryfikacji, czy dane elementy tworzą system. Badania dowodzą, że w większości przypadków rozpoznaje się pojedyncze elementy, nieujęte w system zagospodarowania terenu. Zaobserwowano nieliczne przykłady przedstawiające cechy systemu.

Increasing the storage capacity of cities is one of the main goals of adaptation to climate change. The analysis of the rainwater management system should start with what is happening to the rainwater: whether it is subject to surface runoff, is it infiltrated, is it temporarily or permanently retained. However, the use of system elements does not create the system itself, and thus, instead of presenting the ideas of sustainable development, they can be an example of greenwashing. A housing estate in Wrocław was analyzed. The work focuses on identifying the elements for rainwater management, presents a diagram of their operation and verifies whether the elements constitute a system. Research proves that in most cases individual elements are recognized, not included in the land development system. Few examples showing the features of the system have been observed.

Impact of the hydrogel amendment and the dry period duration on the green roof retention capacity

Deska Iwona, Mrowiec Maciej, Ociepa Ewa, Michniewski Michał

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2020

Vol. 27, nr 3

357--371

Abstract: Climate changes as well as the urbanisation and economic development influence the characteristics of the stormwater runoff in the cities. The sealing of drainage basin surface leads to an increase of the runoff intensity, thereby decreasing the rainwater infiltration. This situation can lead to the risk of flooding in urban areas. Therefore, especially in great cities there is a need for application of such solutions that will support the operation of the sewage systems. The examples of such solutions are, among others, the green roofs. The paper presents the results of investigation of the water retention capacity of 4 green roof models containing following growing media: (1) the typical green roof substrate without any amendments, (2) the substrate with addition of about 1 % by weight of hydrogel (the cross-linked potassium polyacrylate), (3) the substrate containing about 0.25 % by weight of hydrogel, (4) the substrate with addition of expanded clay and perlite. The models were not vegetated in order to investigate only the water retention capacity of drainage elements and substrates. The water retention capacity of green roof models was investigated in the laboratory conditions with use of artificial precipitations simulated after diverse antecedent dry weather periods (ADWP) amounting to: 1, 2, 5, 7, and 12 days. The intensities of artificial precipitations were relatively high and ranged from 1.14 to 1.27 mm/min, whereas their durations ranged from 7.75 to 12.56 min. These values of intensities and durations corresponded to the design rainfall intensities calculated using Blaszczyk’s equation for annual rain depth equal to 600 mm and the return periods ranged from 5 to 15 years. The obtained results indicate that the water retention capacity of green roof models, expressed as the volumes (or depths) of rainwater retained within their structures, increases with an increase of ADWP. Results indicate that the relation between ADWP and the amount of water retained in the layers of green roofs in the case of relatively short antecedent dry weather periods provided for the analysis (from 1 to 7 days) may be approximately linear. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that in the case of all models there is a statistically significant difference between the values of retention depth for specified ADWP (p < 0.001). During more than half of simulated precipitations, especially in the case of longer ADWPs lasting 5, 7, and 12 days the best water retention capacity had Model 3, with substrate containing about 0.25 % by weight of hydrogel. On the other hand, the results show that the weakest retention capacity had Model 2 (with substrate containing 1 % by weight of hydrogel). In the case of longer ADWPs (lasting 7 and 12 days) relatively weak water retention capacity had Model 4 (with substrate containing the addition of expanded clay and perlite). It can be concluded that too large amount of hydrogel added to the substrate can have an unfavourable impact on the water retention capacity of green roofs.