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Ecological rating of mercury ions in water bodies

Neverova-Dziopak E.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

2008

Vol. 2, no. 3

73-79

Heavy metal compounds are toxic for human health and water biota. Furthermore the metal salts can inhibit the process of photosynthesis and biochemical oxidation of organic substances in water that brings to the violation of ecological equilibrium and degradation of water ecosystem. All European countries established the permissible concentrations of mercury in water for different types of water usage (water supply, fishery, recreation). The established water quality standards not always take into account the interest of water ecosystems and provide ecological security for surface water. Hence, in order to provide the ecological equilibrium of surface waters it is necessary to elaborate the ecological standards of water quality. Methodology of ecological standards' elaboration is presented in the paper. On the base of elaborated ecological standards the permissible loads of pollution can be estimated that do not exceed the ecological capacity of water ecosystem. Such approach enables the elaboration of ecologically and economically proved technical and organization measures aimed to the preservation of surface water good ecological state.

Jony metali ciężkich w wodzie są toksyczne dla człowieka i biocenozy wodnej. Oprócz tego, sole metali ciężkich mogą prowadzić do inhibicji procesów fotosyntezy i biochemicznego rozkładu substancji organicznych w wodzie. Może to skutkować zaburzeniem równowagi ekologicznej i degradacją ekosystemów wodnych. Normatywy zawartości rtęci w wodach powierzchniowych, ustalone praktycznie we wszystkich krajach europejskich w zależności od rodzaju użytkowania wód, nie zawsze zapewniają zachowanie ich równowagi ekologicznej. Aby zapewnić utrzymanie istniejącej równowagi ekologicznej ekosystemów wodnych potrzebne są ekologiczne standardy jakości wód. Metodologia opracowania ekologicznych standardów zawartości rtęci w wodzie dla wybranych akwenów Morza Bałtyckiego jest przedstawiona w niniejszym artykule. Opracowane w taki sposób normatywy stanowią podstawę wyboru ekologicznie i ekonomicznie uzasadnionych przedsięwzięć, skierowanych na ochronę ekosystemów wodnych i zapewnienie dobrego stanu wód.

Możliwości oceny pojemności ekologicznej zbiorników wodnych

Neverova-Dziopak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

2000

z. 32[180], cz.2

263-270

The concept of sustainable development expects the development of socio-economical systems in the frames of ecological capacity of natural systems. In the light of such understanding of sustainable development it is necessary to elaborate the methodology of ecological capacity estimation for natural systems that in its turn is connected with the estimation of permissible loads of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems. Establishment of permissible loads not exceeding dangerous levels is a necessary condition to achieve reasonable compromise between ecological and economical development. The standardization of environmental quality is the main task of nature protection. The environmental quality standards have to reflect the consumer demands and preserve the ecological equilibrium of natural systems in the limits of self-regulation. The limits of self-regulation are determined by ecological capacity of ecosystems. So, the estimation of ecological capacity of natural systems is the base for the elaboration of permissible anthropogenic loads. One of the most important and most exploited natural resources are water basins. Undoubtedly, that water will be one of the main critical elements determinating the ecological capacity of local and regional ecosystems. The article makes an attempt to estimate the ecological capacity of water basins on the base of integral ecological state criterion. This criterion was elaborated with the consideration of the main properties of ecosystems and reflects the trophic state of water basins. The trophic state integral criterion makes it possible to determine the state of production-destruction balance then the ecological equilibrium state of water ecosystem. On the base of this criterion it is possible to calculate the permissible loads of contaminations, the exceeding of which can bring to the ecological equilibrium disturbance of water ecosystems. Ecological capacity may be determined as the possibility of ecosystems to preserve their ecological equilibrium in the limits of homeostasis. Ecological equilibrium of any natural system is defined by the balance of the processes of production and destruction, that is the base of biotic cycle in the nature. In water ecosystems the biotic balance is characterized by the trophic level, which is negative in distrophic waters, zero in oligotrophic waters and positive in eutrophic waters. The conducted researches allowed to choose the trophic level criterion - the value of pH index under 100% oxygen saturation of water, which takes definite values in water basins with different production-destruction balance. On the base of the proposed criterion it is possible to calculate the permissible loads of the substances limiting the eutrophication process the exceeding of which can bring to the violation of existing ecological equilibrium. Estimating the permissible loads of contaminations we estimate the permissible loads of anthropogenic impact on water systems in the limits of their self-regulation. The ecological standards calculated on the base of proposed method are directed towards the elaboration of ecological capacity methodology estimation.