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Program initiatives of public authorities in the field of hydrogenation of the economy in a global perspective, as of the end of 2020

Menes Maciej

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

18--29

EN

In the years 2016-2020, there has been a significant acceleration in the development of technologies for the hydrogen energy use and their popularization in practice. The value of the global hydrogen market in 2018 was estimated at US $122 billion, predicted that it will increase to US $155 billion by the 2022. The appropriate policy framework has a major impact on the development of new technologies, in particular during research, prototype implementations and the initial phase of their commercialization. Of course, this also fully applies to hydrogen technologies, which was confirmed, i.a., in its study by The Hydrogen Council, a leading global organization in this field. The spearheading countries intensively involved in the development and dissemination of hydrogen technologies are primarily: Japan, China, South Korea, Germany, France, Great Britain, Scandinavian and Benelux countries, as well as Canada and the USA. A dozen more countries making up the leading group, such as: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India and South Africa are making efforts to join the global hydrogen race and complete the leading group. The scale of the global development of hydrogen technologies is illustrated by the fact that at the end of 2019, vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells and the publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations serving them already operated in 18 countries. An effective use of the incurred expenditures undoubtedly requires the interested states to formulate an appropriate policy (strategy) for the hydrogenation of the economy, including, in addition to precisely defined long-term objectives, e.g. elements of support from public administration, assurance of: stable investment conditions and the necessary regulatory conditions. The article attempts to synthetically present the political framework, i.e. the functioning plans and programs as well as national strategies for the development of hydrogen technology and economy in 19 countries.

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Modelowanie pracy ogniw paliwowych w pojazdach wodorowych

Kasprzyk Leszek, Burzyński Damian, Lewandowska Agnieszka, Pietracho Robert, Szymenderski Jan, Wenge Christoph

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

117--120

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rozwój badań nad ogniwami paliwowymi oraz wykorzystanie ich w motoryzacji. Omówiono aspekty modelowania ogniw paliwowych – ich zasadę działania, równanie Nernsta oraz najważniejsze parametry. Zaprezentowano aplikację komputerową służącą do symulacji pracy układu zasilania. Przeprowadzono analizę zachowania się ogniw paliwowych oraz akumulatora w wodorowym autobusie miejskim. Uzyskane wyniki zaprezentowano w postaci wykresów i omówiono.

EN

The paper presents the development of research on fuel cells and their use in automotive applications. Aspects of fuel cell modelling are discussed - their principle of operation, Nernst equation and most important parameters. Computer application used for simulation of power system operation was presented. The analysis of fuel cell and battery behavior in a hydrogen city bus was performed. Obtained results are presented as graphs and discussed.

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Prototypowy układ generowania wodoru oparty na elektrolizerze typu HTPEM

Małek A., Szlachetka M.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

4147--4153

PL

Wraz z wejściem na rynek pierwszych komercyjnych pojazdów napędzanych wodorowymi ogniwami paliwowymi pojawiają się pytania dotyczące pozyskania wodoru do ich zasilania. Bardzo obiecującą technologią produkcji czystego wodoru są wysokotemperaturowe elektrolizery typu HTPEM. W ramach projektu Lider finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju został opracowany prototypowy układ generowania wodoru oparty na elektrolizerze typu HTPEM. W artykule opisano najważniejsze komponenty układu. Dokonano charakterystyki stosu elektrolizera wykorzystującego wysokotemperaturową membranę na bazie polibenzimidazolu. Następnie dokładnie przedstawiono cele sterowania wysokotemperaturowym elektrolizerem co było wyjściem do zaprojektowania jednostki sterującej elektrolizera. Dokonano także opisu sposobu projektowania nowoczesnych systemów sterowania. W dalszej kolejności opisano charakterystyki prądowo-napięciowe prototypowego elektrolizera oraz podano potencjalne jego zastosowania.

EN

With the entry to the markets the first commercial vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells questions arise concerning the hydrogen generation to supply them. Very promising technology for pure hydrogen producing are high-temperature HTPEM electrolysers. In the project funded by The National Centre for Research and Development has developed a prototype system for pure hydrogen generating based on the HTPEM electrolyzer. In the article were described the main components of the system. Also were presented the characteristics of the electrolyser stack based on polybenzimidazol high-temperature membranes. Then listed control objectives of the high-temperature electrolyser which were the exit to the design of the effective control system. There has also been presented the way of modern control systems design. Subsequently were described current-voltage characteristics of the prototype hydrogen generation system and given the potential its applications.