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1

Current activities for quality and natural environment taken by selected enterprises belonging to SMEs from the electromechanical industry

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej, Simková Zuzana, Metszosy Gabriella, Vozňáková Iveta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

537--553

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present results of pilot studies from survey research of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the electromechanical industry of the countries of the Visegrad Group, i.e.: Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. Design/methodology/approach: As subject of research selected SMEs from electromechanical industry. Survey research was quantitative in nature. They were conducted in a written and electronic way using the MS FORMS platform. Findings: In recent years, issues related to nature protection have become more and more priority for small and medium enterprises from the electromechanical industry of Visegrad countries. This is mainly due to the updated way of managing organisations and the increasing emphasis on the use of sustainable development tools. This pressure is exerted by competition but also by customers. It turned out that today it is not enough to ensure high quality of products, but in order to achieve the basic goals of the organisation, it is also necessary to invest in sustainable development. However, there is resistance in this area, related to awareness and costs. Research limitations/implications: The article included initial research. In the future, the next research is planned in this area. Originality/value: The article presented an analysis of the pilot survey research of approach to quality and environmental issues in SMEs. The article refers to enterprises from one industry, i.e.: the electromechanical industry of Visegrad Group - Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The conclusions from the research are important for national SMEs and organisations that support the development of this sector.

2

Modernizacja systemu odprowadzenia wód opadowych z bezodpływowych niecek na terenie zlikwidowanej kopalni

Chmiela Andrzej, Czerwiński Stefan, Kania Jan, Wysocka Małgorzata

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2023

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Vol. 12, iss. 1

109--119

PL

Wieloletnie wydobycie węgla kamiennego wpływa na deniwelację powierzchni terenu. Analiza zmian warunków hydrogeologicznych i stanu zagrożeń wodnych w zakładach górniczych wymusiły pracę nad nowymi możliwościami oceny i zwalczania zagrożenia wodnego. Obecnie szczególnym przedmiotem zainteresowania są zmiany morfologii terenu, zmiany stosunków wodnych, których najczęściej spotykanym przejawem są zalania i podtopienia stref najbardziej obniżonych oraz zmiana kierunków i natężenia spływu wód powierzchniowych. W publikacji przeprowadzono analizę możliwości obniżenia kosztów likwidacji nieczynnej kopalni przez modernizację funkcjonującego systemu odprowadzenia wód opadowych z bezodpływowych niecek. Analiza ujawniła główne czynniki zakłócające przebieg procesu odwadniania i wynikające z nich najważniejsze problemy. Przy pomocy analizy wielokryterialnej z grupy zaproponowanych technicznych wariantów modernizacji wybrano warianty optymalne.

EN

Many years of hard coal mining affect the leveling of the land surface. The analysis of changes in hydrogeological conditions and the state of water hazards in mining plants forced the mine to work on new ways of assessing and combating water threats. Currently, the special subject of interest is focused on changes in the morphology of the area, changes in water conditions, the most common manifestations of which are flooding and water damages of the most depressed zones as well as changing the direction and intensity of surface water runoff. The publication analyzes the possibility of reducing the costs of liquidation an inactive mine by modernizing the existing rainwater drainage system from drainless basins. The analysis revealed the main factors interferring the dewatering process and the crucial problems resulting from them. Using a multi-criteria analysis, the optimal variants were selected from the group of the proposed technical modernization variants.

3

Application of the grey TOPSIS method to assess and select a contractor in terms of occupational safety management

Tabor Joanna

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

93--102

EN

The objective of the article is to analyze the possibility of using the gray TOPSIS method to evaluate and select a contractor due to specific criteria regarding occupational health and safety management (OHSM). The choice of contractor is a problem for the decision-maker to make decisions based on many criteria, and most often, these criteria are very diverse, both quantitative and qualitative. The gray TOPSIS method is based on the use of a measure of the relative distance from the best solution, constituting the pattern, and from the worst solution, constituting the anti-pattern, to sort the solutions, using the Grey System Theory. To evaluate and select the contractor, 12 different criteria were used, describing the key areas of OHSM for the decision-maker. The criteria and their weights were selected taking into account the nature of the work planned to be carried out by the company ordering the work. Z-10 annual reports on working conditions in a given year submitted by enterprises to the Central Statistical Office, expert assessments and occupational health and safety procedures provided by five potential contractors were used as sources of information. The research confirmed that the use of gray numbers as part of the TOPSIS method allows the ranking of potential contractors from the point of view of selected criteria and the selection of the company that best meets the assumed occupational health and safety management criteria.

4

The application of logical decision trees to the decision-making process in ill-structured problems

Sadowińska-Kałuża Milena, Kałuża Paweł

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 2(208)

77--90

EN

Decision-making is a process which has accompanied the human being since time immemorial and in various areas of their activity. It should result in making a choice that meets the expectations (conditions) of the decision maker to the greatest extent. Decisions can be made on the basis of information which is not always complete and reliable. Sometimes it may happen that it is incomplete and reliable or complete but unreliable. Then, it concerns ill-structured problems. The purpose of this article is to verify whether ill-structured problems can be solved/supported in a way based on an operating algorithm. In the article, a case study with complete but unreliable information as well as with complete and reliable information was used. Logical decision trees were employed in the study. The result of the study allowed for, among others, establishing that the analysis of an ill-structured problem using logical decision trees consists in performing steps which follow one another in a logical sequence creating thus a sequence of operations, and therefore an operating algorithm, which confirms that solving ill-structured problems can be supported/implemented using an algorithm.

PL

Podejmowanie decyzji stanowi proces, który towarzyszy człowiekowi od zawsze i w różnych obszarach jego działalności. Jego rezultatem powinno być dokonanie wyboru, który w największym stopniu spełnia oczekiwania (warunki) decydenta. Decyzje można podejmować na podstawie informacji, które nie zawsze są pełne i pewne. Czasem może się zdarzyć, że są niepełne i pewne lub pełne, ale niepewne. Wówczas dotyczą one problemów słabo ustrukturalizowanych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest weryfikacja, czy problemy słabo ustrukturalizowane można rozwiązywać/wspierać ich rozwiązywanie w sposób oparty na algorytmie działań. W artykule wykorzystano analizę przypadku z informacjami pełnymi, ale niepewnymi oraz pełnymi i pewnymi. Posłużono się w niej logicznymi drzewami decyzyjnymi. Jej wynik pozwolił m.in. na stwierdzenie, że analiza problemu słabo ustrukturalizowanego za pomocą logicznych drzew decyzyjnych polega na wykonaniu kroków, które następują po sobie w logicznej kolejności. Tworząc tym samym ciąg czynności, a zatem algorytm działania, co potwierdza, że rozwiązywanie problemów słabo ustrukturalizowanych może być wspierane/realizowane za pomocą algorytmu.

5

Organizational performance and human resources analytics in a developing country

Siddiqua Sohana Intasa, Abaker Mohamed Osman Shereif Mahdi, Afnan Ramisa Tul

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28, No. 2

274--288

EN

This research is significant for businesses looking to increase their human resource technology competencies or develop their HR analytics initiatives since it demonstrates how HR analytics may boost organizational performance. Investing in HR analytics and employing evidence-based decision-making approaches increases organizational effectiveness. The article aims to show an empirical study on organizational performance and human resource analytics in Bangladeshi firms. It is unclear whether HR analytics enhance a company’s performance, while few corporations benefit from them. HR departments that utilize manpower analytics data for planning and employment decisions are examples of how HR analytics improve business performance. Using a quantitative method, 206 questionnaires were collected from professional services, financial services, information and communications technology, and other service firms. Smart-PLS 3.2.8 and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) instrument were used for data analysis. The results confirm the suggested chain model, which states that having access to human resource technology allows for HR analytics and evidence-based management decision-making, thus improving performance. Past studies have not addressed the human resource analytics view in developing countries. This research bridges that gap by offering empirical evidence from Bangladesh.

PL

Badania te są istotne dla organizacji, które chcą poprawić swoje kompetencje w zakresie technologii HR lub rozszerzyć swoje inicjatywy w zakresie analityki HR, ponieważ pokazują, w jaki sposób analityka HR może zwiększyć wydajność organizacji. Inwestowanie w analitykę HR i stosowanie opartych na dowodach podejść do podejmowania decyzji zwiększa efektywność organizacyjną. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie badań empirycznych dotyczących analizy zasobów ludzkich i wydajności organizacyjnej w firmach z Bangladeszu. Chociaż niektóre firmy korzystają z analiz HR, nie ma pewności, czy analizy HR poprawiają wyniki organizacji. Analityka HR wykorzystuje dane i analizy w celu poprawy wydajności korporacyjnej poprzez procesy i polityki HR, wykorzystując dane dotyczące siły roboczej do podejmowania opartych na danych decyzji dotyczących planowania i zatrudniania pracowników. Wykorzystując metodę ilościową, zebrano 206 kwestionariuszy od firm świadczących profesjonalne usługi, usługi finansowe, technologie informacyjne i komunikacyjne oraz innych firm usługowych. Do analizy danych wykorzystano Smart-PLS 3.2.8 i narzędzie do modelowania równań strukturalnych (SEM). Wyniki potwierdzają proponowany model łańcuchowy, zgodnie z którym dostęp do technologii zasobów ludzkich umożliwia analizę zasobów ludzkich i podejmowanie decyzji zarządczych opartych na dowodach, poprawiając w ten sposób wyniki. Wcześniejsze badania nie koncentrowały się na perspektywie analityki HR w krajach rozwijających się. Niniejszy artykuł wypełnia tę lukę, przedstawiając dowody empiryczne z kraju rozwijającego się, jakim jest Bangladesz.

6

Decision-making based on machine learning techniques: a case study

Pouabe Eboule Patrick S., Pretorius Jan Harm C., Pretorius Leon

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

240--262

EN

Decision-making in companies is often based on the managers' personal experience. However, their consequences can have an impact on the development of the daily activities. To illustrate the managerial impact of decision-making, the biggest African power utility company based in South Africa will be analyzed. Various data such as annual productivity and energy sales were extracted over 15 years from his annual reports and two artificial neural network techniques named Levenberg-Marquardt and Scaled Conjugate Gradient used to analyze them. It emerged from the results obtained that between 2018 and 2020 the company experienced good growth which could extend until 2025 in the best-case scenario or else will drop again to reach its 2020 well-being state. Thus, the obtained results could be used to reinforce the decision-making and to determine the moment when decisions should be taken to prevent the demise of the company.

PL

Podejmowanie decyzji w firmach często opiera się na osobistym doświadczeniu menedżerów. Jednak konsekwencje tychże decyzji mogą mieć wpływ na rozwój codziennych działań. Aby zilustrować wpływ podejmowania decyzji na zarządzanie, przeanalizowana zostanie największa afrykańska firma energetyczna z siedzibą w RPA. Różnorodne dane, takie jak: roczna produktywność i sprzedaż energii, zostały wyodrębnione z raportów rocznych z 15 lat. Do analizy wyodrębnionych danych wykorzystano dwie techniki sztucznych sieci neuronowych o nazwach: Levenberg-Marquardt i Scaled Conjugate Gradient. Z uzyskanych rezultatów badań wynika, że w latach 2018-2020 firma doświadczyła dynamicznego wzrostu, który w najlepszym przypadku może potrwać do 2025 r po czym spoadnie do poziomu z 2020 r. Uzyskane wyniki można zatem wykorzystać do wzmocnienia procesu decyzyjnego i określenia momentu, w którym należy podjąć decyzje zapobiegające upadkowi firmy.

7

Sztuka podejmowania decyzji w świecie Przemysłu 4.0

Janiak Tomasz, Geisler Aleksander, Dramowicz Mikołaj

Logistyka

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2023

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nr 1

56--60

PL

Dlaczego transformacja cyfrowa może być szansą dla przedsiębiorstw? Jak kompetencje cyfrowe pracowników będą wspierać procesy automatyzacji? Czy zmiana pokoleniowa na szczeblu managerskim musi być bolesnym doświadczeniem w przypadku sukcesji przedsiębiorstwa? Dlaczego polskie startupy nie boją się ambitnych wyzwań?

8

Optimal decision making for empty container management at seaport yard

Vinh Ngo Quang, You Sam-Sang You, Long Le Ngoc Bao, Kim Hwan-Seong

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 1

75--89

EN

Background: In global trade, shipping companies are forced to manage empty containers due to imbalances in international trade activities. For decision-makers, the problems require considering restrictions and an uncertain environment and repositioning or leasing the containers to satisfy the rapidly changing global demands regardless of the epidemic outbreak's impact on the seaport. The proposed approach can help decision-makers manage the empty container in port yards more effectively under market uncertainty by employing the Bellman optimality principle for the stochastic dynamic system. Methods: A stochastic production planning model is employed to cope with uncertainty and unexpected events to ensure a robust management strategy. Ito's formula describes the dynamic model for solving a stochastic differential equation. This paper uses stochastic optimal control theory to deal with efficient empty container management at the port yard. The findings have revealed the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which will provide a decision-making support scheme for efficient port operations. Results: The presented algorithm is realized by a novel approach, employing the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for optimal stochastic control problems. When comparing the model with and without uncertainty events, the gap is just about 0.04 %, proving the robustness of the proposed model. The results provide a decision support system for port managers when managing the empty container in the seaport yard. Conclusions: The proposed model not only figures out the optimal ordering of empty containers for each cycle but also points out the optimal safety stock level. Using a stochastic optimization approach, decision-makers can implement a strategic management policy to optimize seaport operational costs under market disruptions.

9

The new investing effectiveness evaluation multi-criteria method in modern energy supply systems

Kamrat Waldemar

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 10

10--17

EN

The important problem in the processes of modelling and programming the development of sustainable energy sector is the multi-criteria manner of assessing the effectiveness of investments. The goal of this paper is to show how to take into account the impact of investments in multidimensional modeling decision-making processes. This goal can be achieved through the development, presentation, and use of a new multi-criteria method of evaluating the effectiveness of investing towards to modern renewable energy sector. This innovative method was developed and tested in research for the energy sector carried out by the author. Method consist of a relatively simple way of taking into account the qualitative features of the criteria in the process of evaluating investments in the energy sector. Using the real data of the energy invested in the city of X in Poland, the effectiveness of the project was examined applying the multi-criteria method proposed by the author, and for the same purpose, the well-known ELECTRE method was used. The comparison of the results of the investment effectiveness studies by both methods confirmed the high convergence of the effects obtained in both methods. The achieved results of research very high effectiveness of the analyzed renewable energy technologies.

PL

Istotnym problemem w procesach modelowania i programowania rozwoju sektora energii zrównoważonej jest wielokryterialny sposób oceny efektywności inwestycji. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak uwzględnić wpływ inwestycji w wielowymiarowym modelowaniu procesów decyzyjnych. Cel ten można osiągnąć poprzez opracowanie, prezentacje i zastosowanie nowej, wielokryterialnej metody oceny efektywności inwestycji w nowoczesnym sektorze energetyki odnawialnej. Ta innowacyjna metoda została opracowana i sprawdzona w badaniach dla sektora energetycznego prowadzonych przez autora. Metoda polega na stosunkowo prostym sposobie uwzględnienia cech jakościowych kryteriów w procesie oceny inwestycji w energetyce. Wykorzystując rzeczywiste dane dotyczące energii zainwestowanej w mieście X w Polsce, zbadano efektywność projektu, stosując zaproponowana przez autora metoda wielokryterialna i w tym samym celu wykorzystano znana metoda ELECTRE. Porównanie wyników badań efektywności inwestycji obiema metodami potwierdziło wysoką zbieżność efektów uzyskanych obiema metodami. Uzyskane wyniki badan bardzo wysokiej efektywności analizowanych technologii energetyki odnawialnej.

10

Industry 4.0 technologies and managers’ decision-making across value chain. Evidence from the manufacturing industry

Młody Michał, Ratajczak-Mrozek Milena, Sajdak Maja

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 3

69--83

EN

The paper aims to identify how Industry 4.0 technologies affect the quality and speed of the managers’ decision-making process across the different stages of the value chain, based on the example of the manufacturing sector. The paper adopts qualitative research, based on nine in-depth interviews with key informants, to capture senior executives’ experiences with implementing Industry 4.0 technologies in their organisations. The research is focused on three manufacturing industries: the automotive, food and furniture industries. The research shows that depending on the stage of the value chain, different Industry 4.0 technologies are more suitable for the support of managers’ decisions. Various Industry 4.0 technologies support decisionmaking at different stages of the manufacturing value chain. In the Design stage, 3D printing and scanning technologies play a crucial role. In the case of Inbound Logistics, robotisation, automation, Big Data analysis, and Business Intelligence are most useful. During the Manufacturing stage, robotisation, automation, 3D printing, scanning, Business Intelligence, cloud computing, and machine-to-machine (M2M) integration enable quick decision-making and speed up production. Sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) optimise distribution in the Outbound Logistics stage. And finally, Business Intelligence supports decisions within the Sales and Marketing stage. It is also the most versatile technology among all particular stages. The paper provides empirical evidence on the Industry 4.0 technology support in decision-making at different stages of the manufacturing value chain, which leads to more effective value chain management, ensuring faster and more accurate decisions at each value-chain stage. When using properly selected Industry 4.0 technologies, managers can optimise their production processes, reduce costs, avoid errors and improve customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 technologies facilitate predictive analytics to forecast and anticipate future demand, quality issues, and potential risks. This knowledge allows organisations to make better decisions and take proactive actions to prevent problems.

11

Decision-making model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process for the selection of the type of concrete and the method of its maintenance in dry, hot climate conditions

Hsino Mahmoud, Jasiczak Józef

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

385--403

EN

The article presents selected types of phase change materials (PCM) and their properties in terms of applications in construction and concrete technology. The purpose of using PCM is to allow the technological barrier to be exceeded in hot and dry climate conditions, enabling the construction of non-cracking concrete structures. Methodology of the multi-criteria decision-making process with the use of a relatively new decision-making tool in construction - the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is presented. Theoretical aspects of the method and an example of its practical use for the selection of the best material variant and concrete care method in the dry Syrian climate are presented. The conclusions resulting from the presented article concern two areas, i.e. the advisability of using phase change materials for temperature regulation in the maturing fresh concrete in dry climate conditions and the attractiveness of the AHP method justifying the advisability of choosing the maintenance methods in such conditions.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane rodzaje materiałów zmiennofazowych (PCM) oraz ich właściwości pod kątem zastosowań w budownictwie, w tym w technologii betonu. Celem stosowania PCM jako dodatku do świeżego betonu jest umożliwienie przekroczenia określonych barier technologicznych występujących w warunkach klimatu gorącego i suchego, gwarantując schładzanie betonu i tym samym wykonanie niezarysowanych konstrukcji betonowych. Przedstawiono metodologię wielokryterialnego procesu decyzyjnego związanego z wyborem różnych wariantów pielęgnacji betonu w warunkach ekstremalnie suchych z wykorzystaniem stosunkowo nowego narzędzia decyzyjnego w budownictwie jakim jest AHP tj. Analytic Hierarchy Process. Przedstawiono teoretyczne aspekty metody oraz przykład jej praktycznego zastosowania do wyboru najlepszego rodzaju cementu oraz betonu i metody jego pielęgnacji w suchym klimacie syryjskim. Wnioski płynące z przedstawionego artykułu dotyczą dwóch obszarów, tj. celowości stosowania materiałów PCM z przemianą fazową o stosunkowo niskiej temperaturze do regulacji temperatury w dojrzewającym świeżym betonie w suchych warunkach klimatycznych oraz atrakcyjności metody AHP uzasadniającej celowość wyboru alternatywnych metod pielęgnacji młodego betonu w takich warunkach.

12

Identification of leading factors supporting decisions in preventive quality management

Misztal Agnieszka, Drzewiecka-Dahlke Milena, Marczewska-Kuźma Roma, Gruszka Józef

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

473--500

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to present the results of research of entrepreneurs who maintain a certified quality management system in terms of leading factors supporting decisions of a preventive approach to management. Design/methodology/approach: Interview method conducted in manufacturing companies with an implemented and certified quality management system using CATI technique Findings: Research has shown that in large industrial enterprises the key stimulants of preventive actions are, above all, efficient information flow, technical and organizational order, as well as consistent pursuit of the goal. Smaller enterprises put the main emphasis on maintaining good relations with the environment, safety and ergonomics of work, as well as skillful selection of suppliers. Research limitations/implications: The authors of the paper see the need to continue research in the field of in-depth analysis of selected factors in relation to the effectiveness of the actions taken and the possibility of supporting information. Practical implications: Entrepreneurs with knowledge of key stimulants will make decisions more consciously and focused on a targeted analysis of data in order to search for relevant premises to prevent non-compliance. Originality/value: This paper concerns key factors influencing a preventive approach that can support decision-making. For the purposes of multicriteria decision-making processes, it is valuable to know the key stimuli characteristic of effective preventive actions. An additional value of the article is the showing of the factors with a differentiation by company size. This enables a more relevant focus of the research results.

13

Cognitive model of intuition in solving investment problems

Ziuziakowski Milan

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2022

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Vol. 26, No 1

1--24

EN

The problem of rational investment and allocation of funds for an agent with individual goals and experiences is presented in this paper. Simon Herbert’s model of decision making, the EPAM model of intuition as a decision tree with the accompanying Soar software which is a modern cognitive architecture for modeling intelligent agents are considered. The state space and selection of decision rules for determining the optimal solution are presented, emphasizing the role of intuition. A decision-making scheme is presented, leading to the acquisition of distinct experiences resulting in an increase in the procedural knowledge stored in the long-term memory. The next stage is to visualize the decision-making process in the working memory in order to satisfactorily allocate funds into three categories. The results obtained indicate the intuitively correct decision according to an assumed quality factor which is the level of overall agent satisfaction. Reference is also made to the possible application of GAN neural networks, showing their potential in supporting intuitive decision making in the stock market. The considerations confirm the validity of an intuitive approach to business solutions and also enable a closer look at multidimensional aspects of intuition. The considerations confirm the validity of the intuitive approach to business solutions, as well as presenting an insight into multidimensional aspects of intuition itself.

14

Simulations in planning logistics processes as a tool of decision-making in manufacturing companies

Daroń Marta

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 4

300--308

EN

Simulations in planning logistics processes as a tool of decision-making in manufacturing companies

15

Kompleksowe podejście do prognozowania i ograniczania poziomu ryzyka w podejmowaniu zamówień na roboty w budownictwie drogowym

Krawczyńska-Piechna Anna, Budek-Wiśniewska Katarzyna

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

|

nr 12

92--97

PL

Analiza zagrożeń stanowi pierwszy etap prezentowanego w artykule kompleksowego podejścia do zarządzania ryzkiem w podejmowaniu zamówień na roboty w budownictwie drogowym. Drugi etap polega na ocenie możliwości przeciwdziałania tym zagrożeniom przez programy naprawcze (programy ograniczania zagrożeń). W prezentowanym podejściu proponuje się optymalizację doboru tych programów pod kątem maksymalnej redukcji zagrożeń przy jednoczesnym ograniczeniu kosztów zastosowania tych programów. W artykule przedstawiono schemat ideowy systemu doradczego, model matematyczny omawianego problemu i przykład obliczeniowy, obrazujący istotę proponowanego podejścia do analizy ryzyka.

EN

The risk analysis is then the first stage of the comprehensive approach to risk management in taking orders for road construction works presented in the paper. The second stage is to counteract these threats through risk reduction programs. In the presented approach, it is proposed to optimize the selection of these programs in terms of the maximum reduction of threats while reducing the costs of using these programs. The paper presents a block diagram of the advisory system, introduces a mathematical model of the discussed problem and illustrates the essence of the proposed approach to risk analysis with a computational example.

16

Evaluating logistic systems of building materials supply

Rzepecki Łukasz

Journal of civil engineering and transport

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2022

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Vol. 4, No. 3

67--76

EN

There are many logistical tasks in the field of supplying construction materials, as well as financial and information flows in construction projects. All logistical processes related to the flow of resources, physical, informational, and financial, occurring between the different elements of the company's structure make up its logistical system. One of the many decisions made during the planning of a construction project is the choice of how to control the logistics system of supply. It is impossible to indicate a universal system that will optimally meet the needs of many construction projects due to the individual nature of each project. Properly selected type of logistic service and structure of logistic system allow one to reduce risk in supply chain management. This paper proposes a multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the models of the logistic system of supply in the execution of a construction project. The Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP was used for the comparative evaluation, allowing multi-criteria pairwise comparisons of the various systems. The proposed approach allows to indicate the structure of the logistic system, ensuring continuity of construction output and also reduction of logistic costs.

PL

Istnieje wiele zadań logistycznych w sferze zaopatrzenia w wyroby budowlane oraz w obszarze przepływów środków finansowych i informacji w przedsięwzięciach związanych z realizacją robót budowlanych. Wszystkie procesy logistyczne związane z przepływem zasobów fizycznych, informacyjnych i finansowych, zachodzące pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami struktury przedsiębiorstwa składają się na jego system logistyczny. Jedną z wielu decyzji podejmowanych w trakcie planowania przedsięwzięcia budowlanego jest wybór sposobu sterowania systemem logistycznym zaopatrzenia. Nie można wskazać uniwersalnego systemu, który będzie w optymalny sposób zaspokajał potrzeby wielu zamierzeń budowlanych, ze względu na indywidualny charakter każdego przedsięwzięcia. Odpowiednio dobrany typ obsługi logistycznej i struktura systemu logistycznego pozwala ograniczyć ryzyko w zarządzaniu łańcuchem dostaw. W artykule zaproponowano analizę wielokryterialną do oceny modeli systemu logistycznego zaopatrzenia przy realizacji przedsięwzięcia budowlanego. Do oceny porównawczej zastosowano hierarchiczny proces decyzyjny AHP, umożliwiający wielokryterialne porównania parami poszczególnych systemów. Zaproponowane podejście pozwala na wskazanie struktury systemu logistycznego, zapewniającej ciągłość produkcji budowlanej a także redukcję kosztów logistycznych.

17

A new method for decision making problems with redundant and incomplete information based on incomplete soft sets: From crisp to fuzzy

Xia Sisi, Chen Lin, Liu Siya, Yang Haoran

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 4

657--669

EN

This research is focused on decision-making problems with redundant and incomplete information under a fuzzy environment. Firstly, we present the definition of incomplete fuzzy soft sets and analyze their data structures. Based on that, binary relationships between each pair of objects and the “restricted/relaxed AND” operations in the incomplete fuzzy soft set are discussed. After that, the definition of incomplete fuzzy soft decision systems is proposed. To reduce the inconsistency caused by the redundant information in decision making, the significance of the attribute subset, the reduct attribute set, the optimal reduct attribute set and the core attribute in incomplete fuzzy soft decision systems is also discussed. These definitions can be applied in an incomplete fuzzy soft set directly, so there is no need to convert incomplete data into complete one in the process of reduction. Then a new decision-making algorithm based on the above definitions can be developed, which can deal with redundant information and incomplete information simultaneously, and is independent of some unreliable assumptions about the data generating mechanism to forecast the incomplete information. Lastly, the algorithm is applied in the problem of regional food safety evaluation in Chongqing, China, and the corresponding comparison analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

18

Zintegrowane podejście do wyboru optymalnej serii zapraw tynkarskich do izolacji

Demir Abdullah

Cement Wapno Beton

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2022

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R. 27, nr 1

32--44

PL

W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano metodę Taguchiego do rozwiązania hierarchicznej analizy problemu decyzyjnego [Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP] oraz metodę Simple Additive Weighting [SAW] w celu znalezienia optymalnej serii zapraw tynkarskich do izolacji, w oparciu o wiele kryteriów. Najpierw zastosowano metodę Taguchi w celu określenia planu eksperymentu z czynnikami: cementem, wapnem, dolomitem i perlitem na trzech poziomach dozowania, dla każdego z nich z ortogonalnym planem L9. Następnie, zgodnie z projektem, przeprowadzono eksperymenty metodą ultradźwiękową, określono wytrzymałość na ściskanie, przyczepność, nasiąkliwość kapilarną i przewodność cieplną. Wagi ważności kryteriów uzyskano metodą AHP, a punktację poszczególnych serii obliczono metodą SAW. Na podstawie wyników uzyskano optymalne poziomy czynników i otrzymano optymalne składy.

EN

In this study, an integrated approach by Taguchi, Analytic Hierarchy Process [AHP] and Simple Additive Weighting [SAW] method was proposed to find out the optimal insulation plaster mortar series, based on multiple criteria. Firstly, Taguchi method was applied to define the experimental design plan, with the factors of cement, lime, dolomite and perlite in three levels for each with L9 orthogonal design. Then, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, bond strength, capillarity water absorption and thermal conductivity experiments, were made according to the design. The importance weights of criteria were obtained by AHP and the scores of the series were calculated by SAW method. The factors’ optimum levels were obtained based on the scores and the optimal series was proposed.

19

Impacts from transportation measures in national appraisal guidelines: coverage and practices

Holmen Rasmus Bøgh, Biesinger Benjamin, Hindriks Ivo

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 63, iss. 3

67--111

EN

Transportation appraisal has a potential important role in prioritization of transportation investment projects and other transportation measures. Appraisal practices vary much over countries and time, but these differences are not fully known. More knowledge on the variation in practices may contribute to smoother knowledge exchange between countries and more informed choices in the further development of each national practice. In this paper, we present both an updated mapping and a meta-analysis of impact coverage in national appraisal guidelines for transportation measures and spatial measures more generally. Our updated mapping of impact coverage covers 18 national and regional guideline sets and 44 sorts of impact. It shows rather similar overall impact coverage in the reviewed guidelines for economic, social and environmental impacts. The most advanced appraisal practices are found in Northern and Western Europe and Oceania. We find that supplementary quantitative analyses are most common for economic impacts, while multi-criteria analyses are most common for environmental impacts. Our meta-analysis covers ours and 15 earlier impact mappings, jointly covering 42 countries and regions. In this examination, we show how impact coverage in appraisal practices has improved over time, particularly for environmental, user and wider economic impacts. The meta-analysis also reveals that Western and Northern European and Oceanian countries and dependencies have had the widest impact coverage from 1998 to 2020, both in CB and overall. To examine what characterize countries with broad and narrow impact coverage, we have applied econometric regression models that are linear (i.e. linear least squares), quasi-linear (i.e. Tobit) and fractional response-based (i.e. fractional probit and fractional logit). In these regression analyses, we control for study-specific characteristics and clustering the standard errors on countries. Our results show that the CB impact coverage tends to increase with economic wealth, equality and population size in developed countries, while we find no such patterns for overall impact coverage.

20

Organizational responses to sustainable development challenges - conditions & consequences

Janiszewski Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 150

29--46

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to discuss assumptions that stand behind the idea that, in order to analyze a way in which organizations are willing to respond to environmental challenges, it is necessary to consider how the diffusion of knowledge related to sustainable management practices can impact on decision making dependent on managers’ cognitive frames. The analysis is focused on the sensemaking process initiated by a necessity to make a decision on whether to engage in a sustainability project involving steps to be made to protect natural environment. The attention is paid to its possible realization dependent on cognitive frames used by decision makers. This way of analysis allows for better understanding of factors which may hinder enterprises from implementing sustainability idea. In the paper current literature related to the topic is reviewed and next selected issues considered as critical for understanding the matter are described and discussed. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical analysis is conducted and the key assumptions of critical realism related to ontological and epistemological dimensions are implemented. The importance of abductive way of thinking is outlined. Findings: In general, it is argued that managers who are more likely to accept paradoxical nature of challenges related to the implementation of sustainability tools should find it more useful to follow multidimensional paths through which they may reach stakeholders. It is also presented that in order to show how decisions as to implement the sustainability idea can be made, it is necessary to take into account consequences that are to arise from the fact that attitudes towards sustainability management are influenced by historical conditions. Because of the wide array of actors who may contribute to the successful implementation of the sustainability idea, it is predicted that different cognitive approaches should be used. The arguments that are provided appear to also prove that it is useful to consider deeply relations among sensemaking process and cognitive frames used by managers. Originality/value: The paper includes an authorial analysis in which conclusions are inferred based on hitherto conducted research and formulated research propositions related to sensemaking process, cognitive aspects of making decisions as well as to issues of building legitimacy in the light of environmental challenges which modern enterprises need to deal with. The analysis can provide decision makers with some new insights as to why they make decisions as they used to, which next should allow them to change their habits.