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Comparative Sensitivity of Eggs and Alevins of Rainbow Trout Onchorhynchus Mykiss to Heavy Metal Model Mixture

Stasiunaite P., Kazlauskiene N.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2003

Vol. 10, nr 12

1325-1334

To compare the sensitivity of early life stages (ELS) of rainbow trout chronic toxicity studies were carried out with a heavy metal model mixture (HMMM). The formation of model mixture was carried out basing on available analytical data of average annual amounts of seven representative heavy metals in cooling wastewaters discharging from Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant into the Druksiai lake during 1996. Concentration of HMMM solution was considered to be equal to 1%: Cu - 0.008, Zn - 0.06, Ni - 0.002, Cr - 0.003, Pb - 0.014, Cd - 0.0002, and Mn - 0.01 mg/dm3 correspondingly. The investigation consists of two separate experiments in which toxicity test was started from different embryo period stages, i.e. from 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage. Total exposure time was 73 and 59 days, respectively. The effects of HMMM on hatching time, mortality and growth were investigated. The wide range of HMMM concentrations from 0.2% to 30.0% were examined. In both studies the alevin stage appeared to be most sensitive period in rainbow trout early development. According to the criterion of mortality larvae were particularly sensitive during hatching and significant mortality was recorded in concentrations as low as 8.0% and 15.0% of HMMM (exposure of 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage, respectively). Sensitivity of alevins was much lower after hatching and increased slightly in late alevins. The most sensitive criterion of HMMM toxicity was the inhibition of growth in alevins with significant reduction occurring in 2.0% and 1.0% of HMMM (exposure of 3-4 h after fertilisation and from eyed-egg stage, respectively). Yolk-sac resorption rate was retarded in all concentrations studied when exposure was started soon after fertilisation. The toxic effect of HMMM can be modified by ontogenic stage at which chemical stress begun.

Badano działanie toksyczne modelowej mieszaniny metali ciężkich (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn i Zn) na ikrę (3--4 h po zapłodnieniu) i późniejsze stadium rozwoju zarodka (larwy) pstrąga tęczowego (Oncorhynchus mykiss). W zależności od stadium rozwoju i czasu trwania wpływu mieszaniny analizowano: czas wylęgania, śmiertelność oraz rozwój zarodka dla szerokiego zakresu stężeń (0.2-30.0%) modelowej mieszaniny metali ciężkich. Ikra była mniej czuła na wpływ badanych soli metali.