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The slope aspect affects the heterogeneity and growth of ground vegetation in deciduous temperate forest

Chmura D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2008

Vol. 56, nr 3

463-470

The species richness, H' and D' diversity and evenness J in southwestern- and northeastern-facing slopes were compared and height of twelve herbaceous plant species was measured five times during vegetation season in old-growth beech forest. The opposite slopes chosen for studies were similar in relation to slope inclination, type of soil, species composition and canopy cover. Two study plots 60 m[^2] encompassing two rows of 1- by 2-m 15 rectangular quadrates[^2] were established. The study revealed that northern slopes were characterized by significantly lower mean species diversity (H' = 0.82; D' = 0.47) compared to southern slopes (H' = 1.2; D' = 0.59), similar evenness (ca. J = 0.72) and higher heterogeneity with respect to spatial structure using Euclidean distance and range of DCA scores of quadrates of plots. Two-way ANOVA yielded significant differences of effect of slope aspect (P <0.001) and period of time (P <0.01) on average vegetation height. Nevertheless, interaction of time and aspect turned out to be insignificant. The highest mean values of height of plants were observed at the end of July and the end of June. Generally plants growing on north-facing slope were taller and had higher cover than those growing in southern sloped forest. This can be the result of lower species diversity on northeastern slope which favours development of individual species in conditions of weak interspecific competition and stronger intraspecific interactions.