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1
Zastosowanie ICP-MS w jądrowej analizie kryminalistycznej
Chajduk Ewelina
Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski
|
2023
|
nr 4
22--25
PL
Jądrowa analiza kryminalistyczna ma kluczowe znaczenie w reagowaniu na działania związane z nielegalnym posiadaniem i obrotem materiałami jądrowymi oraz w przeciwdziałaniu terroryzmowi jądrowemu. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie spektrometrii mas z plazmą wzbudzoną indukcyjnie w jądrowej analizie kryminalistycznej. Podkreślono jej kluczową rolę w analizie pierwiastkowej - zwłaszcza w oznaczaniu pierwiastków ziem rzadkich - jako znacznika łączącego materiał jądrowy ze złożem uranu. ICP-MS jest niezastąpionym narzędziem do pomiary stosunków izotopowych U i Pu, dostarcza tym samym informacji o historii materiału jądrowego i jego zamierzonym wykorzystaniu.
EN
Nuclear forensics is crucial in responding to suspicious activities related to the illicit possession and trafficking of nuclear materials, and in countering nuclear terrorism. This article presents the application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in nuclear forensic analysis. Its key role in elemental analysis - particularly in the determination of rare-earth elements - as a marker linking a nuclear material to a uranium deposit is highlighted. ICP-MS is an indispensable tool for measuring the isotopic ratios of U and Pu, thus providing information on the history of a nuclear material and its intended use.
2
Content available Validation of the method for determination of plutonium isotopes in urine samples and its application in a nuclear facility at Otwock
Rzemek K., Czerwiński A., Dymecka M., Ośko J., Pliszczyński T., Haratym Z.
Nukleonika
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2015
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Vol. 60, No. 1
181--186
EN
The studies aimed at determining low activities of alpha radioactive elements are widely recognized as essential for the human health, because of their high radiotoxicity in case of internal contamination. Some groups of workers of nuclear facility at Otwock are potentially exposed to contamination with plutonium isotopes. For this reason, the method for determination of plutonium isotopes has been introduced and validated in Radiation Protection Measurements Laboratory (LPD) of the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ). In this method the plutonium is isolated from a sample by coprecipitation with phosphates and separated on a AG 1-X2 Resin. After electrodeposition, the sample is measured by alpha spectrometry. Validation was performed in order to assess parameters such as: selectivity, accuracy (trueness and precision) and linearity of the method. The results of plutonium determination in urine samples of persons potentially exposed to internal contamination are presented in this work.
3
Local effects of fuel burnup in high temperature reactor
Kępisty G., Królikowski I., Gajda P.
Logistyka
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2015
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nr 4
9114--9123, CD3
EN
Fuel cycle studies aim to provide the optimal utilization of the fuel in nuclear reactors. Most of the scientific efforts focus on the global integral results of material depletion, which are important for the nuclear power plant logistics. On the other hand, the local burnup effects are often neglected, what may lead to the bias of estimated quantities. Advanced systems such as High Temperature Reactor still require development of the reliable approach to the core physics at equilibrium state. In this work we check if a precise mesh of fuel zones helps to observe some systematic effects of fuel depletion in a graphite block from HTR of prismatic type. Continuous Energy Monte Carlo Burnup code MCB5 was applied to study evolution of power profile and isotopic densities. We draw conclusions concerning the local neutron physics, explain observed depletion phenomena and extrapolate the results on the full core studies. Furthermore, we explain significance our conclusions for the safety assessments.
PL
Badania cyklu paliwowego mają na celu optymalizację zużycia paliwa w reaktorach jądrowych. Większość wysiłków naukowych skupia się na całkowitych globalnych wynikach zubożenia materiałów, istotnych z punktu widzenia logistyki elektrowni atomowej. Z drugiej strony, lokalne efekty wypalenia są często zaniedbywane, co może prowadzić do przekłamań w oszacowanych wielkościach. Zaawansowane systemy takie jak reaktory wysokotemperaturowe HTR wciąż wymagają rozwoju wiarygodnego podejścia do fizyki rdzenia w stanie równowagowym. W niniejszej pracy sprawdzamy, czy precyzyjna dyskretyzacja stref paliwowych pozwala zaobserwować nowe efekty wypalenia paliwa w bloku grafitowym. Wyciągamy wnioski dotyczące wpływu na badania całego rdzenia oraz na oszacowania bezpieczeństwa systemu. Zastosowaliśmy kod przepałowy Monte Carlo MCB5 do symulacji zubożeniowych bloku paliwowego z reaktora HTR. Mikro-kapsułki TRISO i podwójna niejednorodność paliwa są precyzyjnie opisane w naszym modelu bazowanym na specyfikacji Projektu PuMA. Aby zbadać lokalne efekty wypalenia sprzężone z fizyką neutronową, dokładna siatka stref wertykalnych (24) oraz radialnych (9) została uwzględniona w naszym modelu numerycznym. Wymagane wielkości fizyczne są zbierane w trakcie procedury Monte Carlo a moduł zubożeniowy używa metody Analizy Trajektorii Transmutacji (TTA) w celu rozwiązania równań Bateman’a. Procedura jest powtarzana przy każdym kroku czasowym. Schemat przekroju bloku paliwowego rozważanego w naszych badaniach. Wyniki numeryczne wskazują na to, że gęstość mocy w paliwie zależy zarówno od pozycji w bloku jak i okresu naświetlenia. Niewielki nadmiar grafitu na pionowych peryferiach zwiększa lokalnie moderację neutronów i przyspiesza wypalanie rozszczepialnych izotopów. Gęstość mocy nie jest jednorodna i większa na brzegach bloku paliwowego. W rezultacie występuje tam wyższa temperatura i przepał paliwa, w szczególności na początku cyklu paliwowego. W przypadku scenariuszy awarii, wadliwe kapsułki mają większą szansę na wystąpienie w takiej lokalizacji.
4
Spływ polonu, uranu, plutonu z dorzeczy Wisły i Odry
Kabat K., Skwarzec B., Astel A.
Analityka : nauka i praktyka
|
2013
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nr 1
22--31
5
Content available remote Sorpcja plutonu i ameryku na żywicy poliamino-epichlorohydrynowej
Tokarska A., Małopolska I., Warchoł J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska
|
2011
|
z. 58, nr 4
319-328
PL
Praca stanowi przegląd literatury na temat sorpcji jonów metali ciężkich i pierwiastków radioaktywnych z roztworów wodnych na żywicach poliamino-epichlorohydrynowych (PE). Przedstawiono syntezę żywicy poliamino-epichlorohydrynowej (PE) oraz jej formy magnetycznej. Scharakteryzowano ich właściwości sorpcyjne i możliwość zastosowania do usuwania plutonu i ameryku.
EN
The synthesis of both polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PE) and its magnetic form (MPE) has been presented. The sorption property of obtained materials as well as their application to removal of radionuclides of plutonium and americium has been explained. Subjecting the resin to a magnetic field significantly improves the efficiency of plutonium and americium sorption. However, using the resin in water treatment processes requires the suitable attestation from institutions, which are empowered to assess the quality of the goods.
6
Content available remote Plutonium isotopes 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem
Strumińska-Parulska D.I., Skwarzec B.
Oceanologia
|
2010
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No. 52 (3)
499-512
EN
The paper summarizes the results of plutonium findings in atmospheric fallout samples and marine samples from the southern Baltic Sea during our research in 1986-2007. The activities of 238Pu and 239+240Pu isotopes were measured with an alpha spectrometer. The activities of 241Pu were calculated indirectly by 241Am activity measurements 16-18 years after the Chernobyl accident. The 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios were measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The 241Pu activities indicate that the main impact of the Chernobyl accident was on the plutonium concentration in the components of the Baltic Sea ecosystem examined in this work. The highest 241Pu/239+240Pu activity ratio was found in sea water (140 š 33). The AMS measurements of atmospheric fallout samples collected during 1986 showed a significant increase in the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio from 0.29 š 0.04 in March 1986 to 0.47 š 0.02 in April 1986.
7
Content available On the neutronics of European lead-cooled fast reactor
Cetnar J., Oettingen M., Domańska G.
Nukleonika
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2010
|
Vol. 55, No. 3
317-322
EN
The perspective of nuclear energy development in the near future imposes a new challenge on a number of sciences over the world. For years, the European Commission (EC) has sponsored scientific activities through the framework programmes (FP). The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) development in the European Union (EU) has been carried out within European lead-cooled system (ELSY) project of the 6th FP of EURATOM. This paper concerns the reactor core neutronic and burn-up design studies. We discuss two different core configurations of ELSY reactor; one loaded with the reference – mixed oxide fuel (MOX), whereas the second one with an advanced fuel – uranium- -plutonium nitride. Both fuels consist of reactor grade plutonium, depleted uranium and additionally, a fraction of minor actinides (MA). The fuel burn-up and the time evolution of the reactor characteristics has been assessed using a Monte Carlo burn-up code (MCB). One of the important findings concerns the importance of power profile evolution with burn-up as a limiting factor of the refuelling interval.
8
Content available Plutonium and 137Cs in forest litter: an approximate map of plutonium from Chernobyl deposition in North-eastern and Eastern Poland
Brudecki K., Suwaj J., Mietelski J. W.
Nukleonika
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2009
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Vol. 54, No. 3
199-209
EN
The present article contains information about the activities and origin of 137Cs, 238Pu and 239+240Pu in the North-eastern Poland. Analyzed samples were collected in 59 locations where forest litter A0 and humus A1 were collected in 1991. An approximate map of the Chernobyl fallout component 239+240Pu was prepared on the basis of received results. The largest Chernobyl 239+240Pu contamination occurred in north-eastern and eastern part of the investigated area, reaching 22.1š1.6 Bqźm–2.
9
Content available Plutonium and gamma emitters in the northeastern part of Bory Tucholskie (Poland)
Mietelski J. W., Mirocha S., Bogacz J.
Nukleonika
|
2008
|
Vol. 53, No. 1
17-25
EN
The paper presents results of the measurements of Pu and gamma emitters of some forest litter/soil profiles collected in 1999 in the northeastern part of Bory Tucholskie forest (northern Poland). Besides the activity concentration of 137Cs, 134Cs, 40K, 228Ac, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, the cumulated deposition of 137Cs, 238Pu and 239+240Pu were calculated. The origin of these radionuclides is discussed on the basis of the observed activity ratios. The observed average level of radioactive contamination confirms expectations for this region, however samples show a relatively large variation of cumulated deposition for both plutonium and radiocesium originated from global and Chernobyl fallout.
10
Content available remote Radionuclides in bones of diurnal birds of prey and owls from the eastern Poland
Mietelski J. W., Kitowski I., Gaca P., Frankowska P., Tomankiewicz E., Błażej S., Kierepko R.
Chemia Analityczna
|
2008
|
Vol. 53, No. 6
821-834
11
Content available Radionuclides of iron (55Fe), nickel (63Ni),polonium (210Po), uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) and plutonium (238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu) in Poland and Baltic Sea environment
Skwarzec B., Strumińska D., Boryło A.
Nukleonika
|
2006
|
Vol. 51,suppl.2
45-51
EN
The paper presents the results of determination of natural [polonium (210Po), uranium (234U, 235U, 238U)] and artificial radionuclides [iron (55Fe), nickel (63Ni), and plutonium (238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu)] in Poland and the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem as well as the recognition of their accumulation process in the trophic chain. All presented results is a summary of long lasting studies realized by the present authors. Results of this study indicated that the principal sources of 55Fe and 63Ni in the Baltic Sea environment is the release from Swedish nuclear power plants. Investigation on the polonium 210Po and plutonium 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Pu concentration in Baltic and land biota revealed that these radionuclides are strongly accumulated by some species. Moreover, it was found that fish, mushrooms, cigarettes constitutes important sources of 210Po for people. The Baltic Sea algae, benthic animals and fish concentrate uranium only to a small degree. In Baltic sediments, the concentration of uranium increases with core depth and it is connected with the diffusion of 234U, 235U and 238U from sediments. The values of 234U/238U activity ratio in the sediments indicated that the reduction process of U(VI) to U(IV) and the removing of autogenic uranium from seawater to sediments in the Gdańsk Deep constitutes a small part only.
12
Content available Plutonium isotopes 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Pu in the Baltic Sea ecosystem
Strumińska D. I., Skwarzec B., Mazurek-Pawlukowska M.
Nukleonika
|
2005
|
Vol. 50,suppl.1
45-48
EN
In the paper there are presented the results of plutonium 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Pu determination in different samples of the Baltic Sea environment. 238Pu and 239+240Pu isotopes were measured in alpha spectrometer and 241Pu results were calculated indirectly by activity measurements of 241Am isotope increase from b-emitting 241Pu in 16-18 years after Chernobyl accident. The results indicate that the Baltic organisms accumulate plutonium from environment and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) range from 100 for fish to 27,000 for priapulida (benthic organisms) and only 0.1% of total plutonium is deposited in living organisms. Almost whole plutonium is deposited in Baltic sediments (about 99%). The results of 241Pu determination indicate that after Chernobyl accident indicate on its high concentration in analyzed components of the Baltic Sea ecosystem and the highest value of the activity ratios 241Pu/239+240Pu were found in seawater (140).
13
Content available Sample clean-up by on-line chromatography for the determination of Pu and Am in sediments
Jernstrom J., Betti M.
Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa
|
2004
|
nr 1
104-104
14
Content available Study on analytical procedure of plutonium separation from air aerosols collected on Petrianov filter
Komosa A., Chibowski S., Orzeł J.
Nukleonika
|
2001
|
Vol. 46, nr 4
151-153
EN
A standard procedure for the determination of plutonium in soil was modified and applied for the assay of this element in dust and aerosols collected from ground-level air on a Petrianov filter, in an ASS-500 air monitoring station. The modification consists in replacing a dry ashing mineralization step by direct acid leaching. The problem of polonium interference with plutonium determination was also discussed and the concentration of polonium in air was estimated.
15
Content available Measurement of plutonium isotopes in ground-level air in Northern-Germany - history and recent results
Wershofen H., Arnold D., Steinkopff T.
Nukleonika
|
2001
|
Vol. 46, nr 4
155-159
EN
The history of plutonium measurements performed on ground-level aerosols is summarised. Recent results are presented, the activity ratios a((239+240)Pu)/a(137Cs) and a(238Pu)/a((239+240)Pu) measured are discussed and potential sources of 238Pu are considered.
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