Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Nonlinear controllers design for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

Hamadouche Zwawi, Khiat Mounir, Chaker Abdelkader

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 6

149--157

EN

Alternative options for producing electricity and fulfilling the increasing electric vehicles power demand can help in minimizing the global warming impact. It is important to maintain the load-balance generation based on load demands. This research investigates plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) through designing the charging and the working controllers and studying them. The DC bus voltage regulation and tracking of the battery and supercapacitor currents to their desired values were designed using non-linear sliding mode controllers. The validation of the SMC controller’s efficient performance was carried out using a non-linear based backstepping controller and compared with the non-linear sliding mode controllers. Further, this research presents a comparative analysis, that is, a detailed response of the non-linear based backstepping controller and the SMC controller regarding their ability to track, the DC bus voltage regulation and desired reference, the battery, and supercapacitor currents. Also, a Lyapunov function candidate was used to analyze the PHEV’s global asymptotic stability. After verification of the designed controllers using MATLAB/Simulink, the results indicate that both controllers achieved the aim of the DC bus voltage regulation and its reference voltage tracking under different load conditions.

PL

Alternatywne opcje wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i zaspokojenia rosnącego zapotrzebowania na energię pojazdów elektrycznych mogą pomóc w zminimalizowaniu wpływu globalnego ocieplenia. Ważne jest, aby utrzymać generowanie równoważenia obciążenia na podstawie wymagań obciążenia. W ramach tych badań badane są hybrydowe pojazdy elektryczne typu plug-in (PHEV) poprzez projektowanie ładowania i kontrolerów pracy oraz ich badanie. Za pomocą nieliniowych regulatorów trybu ślizgowego zaprojektowano regulację napięcia szyny DC oraz śledzenie prądów baterii i superkondensatorów do ich pożądanych wartości. Walidację wydajności sterownika SMC przeprowadzono przy użyciu nieliniowego sterownika wstecznego i porównano z nieliniowymi sterownikami trybu ślizgowego. Ponadto, badanie to przedstawia analizę porównawczą, czyli szczegółową odpowiedź nieliniowego kontrolera wstecznego i kontrolera SMC pod kątem ich zdolności do śledzenia, regulacji napięcia szyny DC i pożądanego odniesienia, prądów baterii i superkondensatorów. Do analizy globalnej asymptotycznej stabilności PHEV wykorzystano również kandydata na funkcję Lapunowa. Po weryfikacji zaprojektowanych sterowników za pomocą MATLAB/Simulink, wyniki wskazują, że oba sterowniki osiągnęły cel regulacji napięcia szyny DC i sledzenia jej napięcia odniesienia w różnych warunkach obciążenia.

2

Comparison of the environmental impacts of a plug-in hybrid and a full electric car using life cycle assessment

Szilágyi A., Bereczky A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 2

363--369

EN

Full electric (FEV) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicles are promising, forward-looking technologies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other pollution related to road transport. The powertrain of a FEV is composed of a battery, control electronics and the electric motors. A PHEV has much lower battery capacity but it contains an extra internal combustion engine and gearbox. Many argue that FEVs are more energy-efficient than internal combustion engines. However, this energy needs to be stored in heavy, large-capacity battery packs that require plenty of energy and resources to produce as well as highly polluting rare earth elements mining. In this article, an environmental comparison of FEVs and PHEVs is shown using life cycle assessment (LCA). To make the comparison realistic, two models similar in size and power have been selected: Volkswagen E-Golf FEV and Volkswagen GTE PHEV. Results show that the production of FEVs need more energy and it means more burden on the environment however during the use phase it causes less emissions. Since the local electricity production mix and, in case of PHEVs, the user behaviour highly affects the results, three different countries (Hungary, Poland and Norway) and two different use types are considered. The quantified environmental footprints as well as the break-even distances are presented. Sensitivity of the results towards the assumed conditions during the whole design lifetime of the vehicles is discussed.

3

The dynamics the assembly including light trailer : vehicle with combustion engine or hybrid driving

Siczek K., Wituszyński K.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 1

249--257

EN

The rising greenhouse gas emissions at a global level have caused the increasing interest in cleaner and less oildependent transportation sources. It has been carried out a lot of researches on the alternative energy sources, like biofuels, fuel cells, wind farms, etc. and on the clean vehicles (hybrids). Most major manufacturers have successfully introduced hybrid automobiles utilizing electric motors and an internal combustion engine to improve their gas mileage. To decrease the use of gasoline even further, some hybrids are being retrofitted to allow them to be pluggedinto a standard i.e. 120-volt socket to charge the batteries and potentially to provide power back to the electric grid when needed. Plug-in Hybrid Cars offer the fuel-efficiency benefits of hybrid cars with the added feature of being able to plug-in to household electricity during rest. This allows the increased mileage and fuel savings. Plug-ins requires larger batteries than normal hybrids, which drives up their cost. Lithium-ion batteries are smaller, have a higher output of energy but are more expensive than rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMh), still used in hybrid vehicles. Improvement in battery storage capacity is of the most importance for the plug-ins. Plug-in technology is developed by the major auto manufacturers, with working prototypes of both plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and plug-in electric vehicles possessing small backup gas generators. The aim of the paper has been to assess the dynamic performance characteristics of the assembly light trailer - car with classic combustion engine (in the first case) or PHEV (in the second case), using mathematical models and numerical simulations of standard driving cycles and to investigate algorithms for charging the stock battery pack.