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Górnicy w walkach o powrót Górnego Śląska do Polski

Dubiński J.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2018

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T. 74, nr 10

46--54

PL

Przedstawiono uwarunkowania geopolityczne i społeczne, które determinowały przyłączenie Górnego Śląska do Polski po zakończeniu pierwszej wojny światowej. Górny Śląsk był wysoko rozwiniętym obszarem przemysłowym z wieloma kopalniami węgla kamiennego, rud cynku, ołowiu, srebra i żelaza. Stąd Niemcy, które przegrały wojnę zabiegały różnymi drogami o utrzymanie Górnego Śląska w swoich granicach. Ludność polska, która na tym terenie stanowiła wyraźną większość, była przez wiele lat poddawana germanizacji. Powstanie niepodległego Państwa Polskiego stało się dla niej wielką szansą na powrót do Macierzy. Powyższe czynniki były przyczyną trzech powstań śląskich w latach 1919, 1920 i 1921. Podkreślono znaczący udział górnośląskich górników w tych powstaniach. Wielu z nich straciło życie i było rannych. Ich walka i determinacja przyniosły w 1922 roku powrót Górnego Śląska do Polski.

EN

This paper presents the geopolitical and social conditions that determined the annexation of Upper Silesia to Poland after the end of the First World War. Upper Silesia was a highly developed industrial region with many coal, zinc, lead, silver and iron ore mines. Thus, the Germans, who lost the war, fought in every way possible, to maintain Upper Silesia within their borders. The Polish population in this area, constituting a clear majority, has been subject to Germanization for many years. The creation of an independent state of Poland became a great chance for them to return to the Motherland. The above factors were the cause of three silesian uprisings in the year 1919, 1920 and 1921. The authors pointed the significant participation of Upper Silesian miners in these uprisings. Many miners lost their lives or became seriously injured. Their struggle and determination resulted in the annexation of Upper Silesia to Poland in 1922.

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Police services in Upper Silesia during the Silesian Uprisings

Graczyk K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2015

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Nr 1

5--22

EN

In this article the author illustrates the activity of police services in Upper Silesia between 1918 and 1922. In introduction the author describes international and political position of Upper Silesia. In this period the special Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control was a temporary legislator and administrator of Upper Silesia. The main task of the Commission was to conduct a plebiscite and divide a disputed territory. It also established its internal policy. Moreover, the Commission had its own police services, which were outlined chronologically in this article. Sicherheitspolizei was the first police service, formed in times of the German Reich. Sicherheitspolizei was replaced by combined plebiscite police, which operated until the division of Upper Silesia between Poland and Germany. In the mean-time a special police, military police and municipal police operated simultaneously in Upper Silesia. During the analysis of particular police service the author paid a close attention to its organization, assignments, conditions of recruitment and attitude to obligation to maintain neutrality towards the plebiscite. Activity of police services was elaborated against the background of the events of that time, such as the plebiscite, Silesian Upris-ings and rivalry between Poland and Germany. The article was mainly based on Polish literature, bilingual archival materials and partially on German literature.

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Potrzebna impreza : XI edycja Plebiscytu Czytelników Przeglądu Technicznego o tytuł "Złotego Inżyniera"

Bielski M. W.

Nowa Elektrotechnika

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2005

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nr 3 (7)

38--39