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A Review of Microplastic Pollution: Harmful Effect on Environment and Animals, Remediation Strategies

Albazoni Hamza Jasim, Al-Haidarey Mohammed Jawad Salih, Nasir Afyaa Sabah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

140--157

EN

Microplastics are so widely dispersed and abundant throughout the globe that many scientists consider them to be important markers of the recent and current time, which is known as the Plasticene. The effects of microplastics are still not fully known, though. Because microplastics are multiple stressors with a variety of physical-chemical characteristics, understanding their impact is quite complicated. Toxic chemicals are transported by microplastics in ecosystems, acting as vectors of transport. Also, many dangerous chemicals are added during polymer production to enhance their properties as well as lengthen their life, and these chemicals must have detrimental effect. To date, many significant studies have been conducted, making a good progress to understand the effect of the key plastic additives on the environment. These additives are discharged into the environment and, hence become a source of many health issues, especially, when are coupled with micro-plastics. The current study thoroughly reviewed the most toxic and dangerous chemicals used in the plastic industry, elaborating the effects on organism health. Also, it provided information about the works that explored their abundance on microplastics.

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Current State of Knowledge about Plastics’ Ability to Sorption

Worobiczuk Mateusz, Naumowicz Monika

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 1

150--165

EN

Plastic pollution is and will be a problem for humanity to deal with for decades to come. The main cause for concern is plastic debris of microsizes, that has been detected in many worrying locations, e.g. human body. Microplastic can carry many substances. It’s possible for many substances, including toxins, to accumulate on plastic surface. This review pertains to the compilation of the newest scientific information regarding plastic’s ability to sorption. The methodological approach as well as mathematical models used in studies pertaining to this topic have been demonstrated. The type of plastic, the matrix and state of microplastic sample have been described to be affecting sorption on plastic. Some problems with methodology in compiled sorption studies have been outlined. It was concluded that more research is needed to be done to fully grasp this topic.

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Usuwanie mikroplastików z wód i ścieków

Mrowiec Bożena

Instal

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2023

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nr 10

44--49

PL

W artykule opisano charakterystykę procesów oczyszczania wód i ścieków w zakresie usuwania mikroplastików (MPs). Pośród fizycznych metod oczyszczania za najbardziej efektywne w usuwaniu MPs uznaje się procesy membranowe oraz filtrację pospieszną. Metody chemiczne, takie jak: koagulacja, elektrokoagulacja czy zaawansowane utlenianie cechuje zróżnicowana efektywność, jednak są udoskonalane w kierunku poprawy wydajności usuwania MPs. W grupie metod biologicznych najbardziej efektywne są bioreaktory membranowe. Zastosowanie zróżnicowanych i wielostopniowych technologii oczyszczania wód i ścieków daje możliwość eliminacji MPs nawet w zakresie 98-100%. Ograniczeniem zastosowania efektywnej technologii są koszty eksploatacyjne, utylizacja odpadów oraz zapewnienie ograniczenia ponownej migracji MPs do środowiska.

EN

The article presents characteristics of the processes of water and wastewater treatment in the field of microplastics (MPs) removing. Among the physical methods of treatment membrane techniques and rapid filtration are the most effective in MPs eliminating. Chemical methods such as coagulation, electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation are moderately effective, but they are being improved to higher efficiency of MPs removal. In the group of biological methods, membrane bioreactors are the most effective. The use of diversified and multi-stage water and wastewater treatment technologies makes it possible to MPs eliminate even in the range of 98-100%. The application of effective technology is limited by operating costs and the problem of waste disposal, so that the removed MPs are not returned to the environment.

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Występowanie mikroplastików w słodkich wodach powierzchniowych

Mrowiec Bożena

Instal

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2022

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nr 10

64--67

PL

Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę zanieczyszczeń z tworzyw sztucznych - mikroplastików (MPs), ich występowanie w słodkich wodach powierzchniowych na różnych kontynentach oraz metody usuwania tych zanieczyszczeń z wody. Badania wskazują znacznie zróżnicowane zawartości MPs wodach słodkich, od 10-2 do 108 cząstek/m3. Z punktu widzenia wykorzystania wód powierzchniowych, jako wody przeznaczonej do spożycia, obecność MPs staje się wyzwaniem dla projektantów i technologów systemów oczyszczania wody. Do efektywnych sposobów usuwania MPs z wód zalicza się procesy membranowe i filtrację pospieszną. Metody chemiczne jak koagulacja, elektrokoagulacja czy zaawansowane utlenianie są udoskonalane w kierunku efektywnej eliminacji MPs. Problem zanieczyszczenia wód śródlądowych MPs wskazuje na podjęcie natychmiastowych działań w zakresie ograniczenia odprowadzania MPs do środowiska wodnego i efektywnego oczyszczania wody.

EN

The paper presents characteristics of plastic pollutants - microplastics (MPs), their occurrence in fresh surface waters on different continents and methods of removing these pollutants from water. The investigations show the concentration of MPs varies considerably in fresh waters, from 10-2 to 108 particles/m3. From the point of view of using surface waters as drinking water, the presence of MPs becomes a challenge for designers and technologists of water treatment systems. Effective methods of MPs removing from water include membrane processes and rapid filtration. Chemical methods such as coagulation, electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation are being refined towards the effective MPs elimination. The contamination of inland waters by MPs indicates that immediate actions are required to limit the discharge of MPs into the aquatic environment and effective water treatment.