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1

Second order reflection from crystals used in soft X-ray spectroscopy

Książek I.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 2

263--265

EN

In this note the ratio of the second to the first order reflection is determined for the KAP and PbSt crystals, for wavelengths corresponding to the Al K-line emission. The source of the radiation was a low-voltage stabilized X-ray tube. The X-rays were detected with a Bragg spectrometer equipped with a proportional counter detector. The signal measured by the proportional counter was subsequently pulse height analyzed.

2

Miniaturized ultraviolet sources driven by dielectric barrier discharge and runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge

Erofeev M, Baksht E, Tarasenko V

Optica Applicata

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2014

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Vol. 44, nr 3

475--487

EN

In this work we have studied the energy and spectral characteristics of miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge KrCl-, XeCl-, XeBr-, and Xe2-excilamps of various designs as well as short pulse point-like light sources based on runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge. The maximum ultraviolet power density was 20 mW/cm2, which is comparable with the densities of ordinary dielectric barrier discharge excilamps, whereas the maximum efficiencies of the excilamps were not greater than 2.5%. The causes for the low radiation efficiency of the compact dielectric barrier discharge driven excilamps were analyzed. It is found that at an electron concentration of ne > 1014 cm–3, the efficiency decreases due to enhanced quenching of excited atoms or molecules in dissociation by electron impact. The spectral characteristics of a runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge formed between two pointed electrodes in atmospheric pressure air in an inhomogeneous electric field at a gap shorter than 8 mm were investigated. It is shown that the radiation spectrum of the discharge consists of bands of the second positive nitrogen system, and as the discharge transforms to a spark, lines of the electrode material appear in the spectrum. At a gap of 0.5 mm, weak X-rays from the discharge gap were detected.

3

Overview of the application of laser - based techniques in plasma - wall interaction research program at IFPiLM

Kubkowska M., Gąsior P., Czarnecka A., Rosiński M., Wołowski J.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

163-166

EN

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the progress in the application of the laser-based techniques which has been achieved in the research in the field of plasma-wall interaction (PWI) at the Division of Laser-Produced Plasmas (DLPP), Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM, Warsaw, Poland) since 2005. The evolution of the experimental set-up which started in a simple configuration for the laser ablative co-deposit removal is presented with stress on the milestones which led to subsequent modifications, namely installation of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), fast HR (high resolution) CCDs, pulsed fiber-laser and the common triggering system.

4

Non - homogeneities in multi - element plasmas

Pawelec E.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

257-263

EN

This work presents the results of modeling and measurements of plasma parameters performed in a wall -stabilized arc working in a mixture of gases. The temperature and composition of the plasma are analyzed and the homogeneity of the plasma along the arc column in different gas mixtures is studied.

5

Conceptual design of Light Impurity Monitor for Wendelstein 7-X

Książek I., Burhenn R., Musielok J.

Nukleonika

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2011

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Vol. 56, No. 2

155-160

EN

As plasma impurity ions can significantly influence the properties of a fusion plasma by dilution and enhancement of the radiation losses, the process of monitoring of their concentrations is one of the most important tasks. A Light Impurity Monitor is needed for monitoring the contamination of the stellarator plasma by carbon, nitrogen, boron, and oxygen impurities, which are indicators for the overload of the plasma facing components, leakage of the vacuum vessel, or wall condition, respectively. Their concentration will be estimated on the basis of emission intensities of their hydrogen-like ions. In this paper a conceptual design of such a spectrometer is presented, including the description of the geometry, the acquisition system and safety systems.

6

Rozpylanie dwuskładnikowych katod wyładowania jarzeniowego w tlenie

Wroński Z.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2009

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Vol. 50, nr 9

76-78

PL

Rozpylanie mosiężnej katody w wyładowaniu jarzeniowym w tlenie badano eksperymentalnie i modelowano metodą elektrodynamiki molekularnej. Szybkości ret [nm/s] trawienia katody zmierzone przy stałych parametrach wyładowania, gęstości prądu jd = 0,5 mA/cm2 i długości Lcf = 2 cm obszaru katodowego spadku potencjału, dla różnych zestawów gaz - katoda są następujące: ret (Ne→brass) = 1,68, ret(N₂ →brass) = 0,622, ret(O₂ →brass) = 0,202. Szybkość ret(O₂ →brass) jest proporcjonalna do gęstości mocy deponowania energii na katodzie przez bombardujące cząsteczki O₂ ⁺ i O₂. Stechiometria [Cu0.35 Zn0.20.45] warstwy powierzchniowej mosiężnej katody zmodyfikowanej plazmą O₂ liczona znanym programem TRIM, jest bliska stechiometrii mieszaniny tlenków CuO i ZnO formowanych na użytym mosiądzu. Utlenienie powierzchni katody, wtórne osadzanie się rozpylonych atomów na jej powierzchni są głównymi przyczynami małej wydajności rozpylania katody mosiężnej plazmą tlenową.

EN

Cathode sputtering in the O2 brass glow discharge was studied experimentally and modelled by method of molecular electrodynamics. Rates ret [nm/s] of the cathode etching measured at justed discharge parameters, current density jd = 0.5 mA/cm² and length Lcf = 2 cm of the cathode voltage fall space, for various gas-cathode sets are as follows: ret(Ne→brass) = 1.68, ret(N₂ →brass) = 0.622, ret(O₂ →brass) = 0.202. Rate ret(O₂ →brass) was found to be proportional to power density of energy deposition by bombarding species, (O₂ ⁺ O₂),into brass cathode bulk. Stoichiometry [Cu0.35 Zn0.2 O0.45] of the surface layer modified by O₂ plasma, calculated with program TRIM, is close to the stoichiometry of the mixture of CuO and ZnO oxides produced on used brass. Cathode surface oxidation and redeposition of sputtered cathode atoms seem to be the main reason of low efficiency of brass sputtering by oxygen plasma.

7

Rusing a halogen lamp to calibrate an optical system for UV-VIS radiation detection

Yubero C., Garcia C.M., Calzada D.M.

Optica Applicata

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2008

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Vol. 38, nr 2

353-363

EN

In the last few years plasmas have been used more and more in a great number of scientific and technological fields, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been the most commonly used technique for their analysis. The usual optical system employed for plasma analysis is composed of a monochromator, a detector and an optical fiber, which must be calibrated to correct the different intensity response of each component in this system. For this calibration, the use of commercial halogen lamps is proposed as opposed to the commonly used ribbon lamp, involving lower economic cost.