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EN
We present a feasibility study of fast events parameters estimation algorithms regarding their execution time. It is the first stage of procedure used on data gathered from gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector for diagnostic of plasma impurities. Measured execution times are estimates of achievable times for future and more complex algorithms. The work covers usage of Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi - high-performance computing (HPC) devices as a possible replacement for FPGA with highlighted advantages and disadvantages. Results show that less than 10 ms feedback loop can be obtained with the usage of 25% hardware resources in Intel Xeon or 10% resources in Intel Xeon Phi which leaves space for future increase of algorithms complexity. Moreover, this work contains a simplified overview of basic problems in actual measurement systems for diagnostic of plasma impurities, and emerging trends in developed solutions.
EN
This paper shows the theoretical predictions of the outer-shell ionization effect on the positions of Kα1,2, Kβ1,3, and Kβ2 X-ray lines for some 4d-transition metals (molybdenum and palladium) and 4f rare-earth elements (dysprosium and ytterbium). The ionization energy shifts have been evaluated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method, containing Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. The presented results are important for obtaining the information about some parameters of plasma generated by different sources, especially by pulsed power machine and short-pulse lasers.
EN
The paper presents comparison of two silicon drift detectors (SDD), one made by Amptek, USA, and the second one by PNDetector, Germany, which are considered for a soft X-ray diagnostic system for W7-X. The sensitive area of the first one is 7 mm2 × 450 m and the second one is 10 mm2 × 450 m. The first detector is cooled by a double-stage Peltier element, while the second detector is cooled by single-stage Peltier element. Each one is equipped with a field-effect transistor (FET). In the detector from Amptek, the FET is mounted separately, while in the detector from PNDetector, the FET is integrated on the chip. The nominal energy resolution given by the producers of the fi rst and the second one is 136 eV@5.9 keV (at –50°C) and 132 eV@5.9 keV (at –20°C), respectively. Owing to many advantages, the investigated detectors are good candidates for soft X-ray measurements in magnetic confi nement devices. They are suitable for soft X-ray diagnostics, like the pulse height analysis (PHA) system for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, which has been developed and manufactured at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), Warsaw, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP), Greifswald. The diagnostic is important for the measurements of plasma electron temperature, impurities content, and possible suprathermal tails in the spectra. In order to choose the best type of detector, analysis of technical parameters and laboratory tests were done. Detailed studies show that the most suitable detector for the PHA diagnostics is the PNDetector.
EN
Different diagnostic methods can be used to determine electrons and gas temperatures in the gliding arc plasma reactor. The electrons’ temperature has been determined by optical spectroscopy and gas temperature – by thermovision camera. The results of the thermovision diagnostics of the plasma generated by gliding arc for different process gases and their flow rates are presented and discussed in the paper.
PL
Zastosowanie do zasilania katody magnetronowej zasilaczy impulsowych ze zmiennym współczynnikiem wypełnienia impulsu wyjściowego powoduje, że parametry plazmy w czasie procesu ulegają zmianom, odzwierciedlając chwilowe wartości prądu katody. Do pomiaru parametrów plazmy przy zasilaniu impulsowym wykonano układ pomiarowy synchronizowany impulsami prądowymi w obwodzie katody. Uzyskano możliwość stabilnych pomiarów charakterystyki prądowo-napięciowej sondy Langmuira w celu uzyskania wartości parametrów plazmy.
EN
Application of PWM (pulse width modulation) power supply for magnetron sputtering, results in changing parameters of plasma reflecting present value of discharge current. Application of synchronisation system allowed to record stable current-voltage characteristic of Langmuir probe. Synchronisation pulse was set up by magnetron current signal.
EN
Achievements of the authors in the field of technical and numerical problems of multi-frame interferometry are presented. A three-channel interferometric system with an automatic image processing for laser-produced plasma is described. The measurements of electron density distributions in a plasma generated by a laser and confined by a strong magnetic field (up to 15 T) are the main part of this work. Numerical analysis of interferograms of the plasma and numerical methods of the reconstruction of electron density spatial profiles, both in an axially symmetrical plasma and in a plasma stream of disturbed axial symmetry are presented in more detail.
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