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Development and Performance Evaluation of a Pulverizer for Plantain Flour Process Plant

Olutomilola Emmanuel Olatunji, Ayodeji Sesan Peter, Adeyeri Michael Kanisuru, Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel

Production Engineering Archives

2021

Vol. 27, Iss. 3

223--231

Diabetes, adjudged a risk factor for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), can be managed through consumption of plantain and its associated products. Plantain is usually processed into flour and other storable/value-added products due to its very short shelf-life. To process unripe plantain pulps into flour, there is a need for size reduction after drying. This paper presents the development and performance evaluation of a size reduction unit for pulverizing, sieving and conveying material to the next processing stage in a plantain flour process plant. Its model was developed using solidworks application software. After design analysis, the model was simulated to establish its suitability/adequacy for fabrication. The pulverizer was fabricated using locally available materials. Its performance evaluation gave 400kg/h throughput, 96% crushing efficiency and 96% efficiency based on the required particle size. The average particle size of flour obtained was 236μm using 500μm screen. Effect of cyclone control-valve on the pulverizer’s overall efficiency was also investigated by allowing it to operate when the valve was completely closed, partially closed and fully opened. It was observed that the control-valve’s positions significantly influenced the machine’s performance/efficiency. It can thus be inferred that the position of cyclone control-valve has significant effect on a pulverizer’s efficiency/performance. Hence, leaving control-valve fully opened during operation would help a pulverizer perform with optimum efficiency, as the pulverizer was able to convey material, efficiently in that position, to the next processing stage during performance evaluation.

Oddziaływanie zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych w okolicach Olkusza na stężenie metali ciężkich w tkankach roślin

Guła Alicja, Kawecki Michał, Lis Aleksandra, Misztal Klaudia, Niemiec Barbara

Analit

2019

Nr 8

28--44

Postępująca urbanizacja i rozwój przemysłu niosą za sobą ryzyko skażenia środowiska metalami ciężkimi. Metale te mogą być akumulowane w roślinności i przenikać do łańcucha pokarmowego, co stwarza zagrożenie zarówno dla zwierząt, jak i ludzi. Celem pracy było zbadanie zawartości wybranych metali (Fe, Zn, Pb) w roślinach występujących na terenach poprzemysłowych w okolicach Olkusza. Analizie poddano próbki mchu pochodzącego z czterech lokalizacji, Krwawnika pospolitego z trzech lokalizacji oraz Babki lancetowatej z dwóch lokalizacji. Zawartość cynku i żelaza oznaczono za pomocą atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej, natomiast zawartość ołowiu oznaczono metodą woltamperometrii stripingowej. Stwierdzono, że największe zawartości żelaza (12760 ppm) oraz ołowiu (422 ppm) występują w miejscu dawnej kopalni żelaza, natomiast znaczne stężenie cynku (881 ppm) odnotowano w Płuczce Józef. W przypadku roślin jadalnych, tak wysokie zawartości metali ciężkich eliminowałyby je ze spożycia przez zwierzęta i ludzi. Tereny te nie powinny być przeznaczane pod uprawę.

Progressing urbanization and industrial development carry the risk of contamination of the environment with heavy metals. These metals can be accumulated in the vegetation and penetrate the food chain, which is dangerous for both animals and humans. The aim of the study was to examine the content of selected metals (Fe, Zn, and Pb) in plants occurring in post-industrial areas in the vicinity of Olkusz. Moss samples from 4 locations, Yarrow - 3 locations and Plantain from 2 locations were analysed. The concentrations of zinc and iron were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrometry, while the concentration of lead was determined by stripping voltammetry. It was found that the highest levels of iron (12760 ppm) and lead (422 ppm) were found in the place of the former iron mine, while a significant concentration of zinc (881 ppm) was recorded in Płuczka Józef. In the case of edible plants, such high levels of heavy metals would eliminate them from animals and human consumption. These areas should not be used for cultivation.