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Enhancement of Medicago sativa Plant Growth and Yield after Treatment with Rhizobium spp.

Massadeh Muhannad I., Alkhataibeh Emtethal A., Al-Ghzawi Abdul Latief A., Aukour Fakher

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

33--43

EN

Rhizobium plays an important role in cultivation of legumes throughout the nitrogen fixation process. In the present study, the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was studied after treatment with Rhizobium spp. isolated from two different sites in Jordan. The effect of the two isolates (RS1 and RS2) and co-inoculation of the two isolates (RS1+RS2) was tested on alfalfa. Chlorophyll contents, relative water content, leaf area, shoot length, stem diameter and plant biomass (leaf, root and shoot dry weight) were studied under growth chamber conditions (day/night temperatures of 25°C; 16:8 h photoperiod) using different inoculum doses (10 ml, 20 ml and 40 ml). The effect of Rhizobium isolates on alfalfa was compared with rhizosphere plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) collected from the same soil samples. The results indicated that RS1 at high dose (40 ml) and RS2 at any dose significantly enhanced alfalfa growth in all measured parameters compared with control plants (without bacterial inoculation). RS2 was better than RS1 in most measured parameters even at low inoculum dose (10 ml), whereas no significant differences between the two strains were found at high inoculum doses. Co-inoculation of the two isolates was less effective than each isolate alone. On the other hand, the PGPR showed a significant enhancement of alfalfa growth as they enhanced significantly all measured parameters compared to the control plants at all doses.

2

Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates as a potential biofertiliser for wheat

Abdelazeem Samy A.E.M, Al-Werwary Samar M., Mehana Taha A.E., El-Hamahmy Mohamed A., Kalaji Hazem M., Rastogi Anshu, Elsheery Nabil I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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Special Issue

99--111

EN

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of eight field crops at different locations in Egypt were identified. Rhizobacteria strains were identified as Bacillus endophyticus AW1 5, B. filamentosus EM9, ET3, Micrococcus luteus KT2, FW9, FC13, SaW4, Enterobacter cloacae SK18, Pseudomonas azotoformans TPo10, Citrobacter braakii TC3. All isolates solubilised insoluble phosphate and produced IAA, while only six were able to produce siderophores in vitro. Vegetative growth and yield of wheat cv. ‘Sakha 94’ were enhanced after the application of single inoculation of each isolate compared to the control. Grain yield was increased by 20.7-96.5% over the control according to bacterial isolates. Available phosphorus (P) and counts of total bacteria in soil were observed to be significantly increased in treatments than in control. After the wheat harvest, soil pH was observed to be decreased, and a highly significant negative correlation was observed between soil pH and the levels of available phosphorus. Significant increases in grain and straw yields, as well as uptake of nitrogen (N) and P by plants, were observed due to inoculation with PGPR isolates. Levels of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, free phenolics, and reducing sugars in flag leaf and spikes were significantly enhanced by the application of all PGPR isolates compared to the control. Thus this study identifies the PGPR isolates for the improvement of the growth, yield, and quality of wheat. The study may be also useful for field evaluation under different soils and environmental conditions before generalising PGPR isolates as biofertilisers.

3

Use of Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Plant Production – A Review Study

Paliwoda Dominika, Mikiciuk Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

292--310

EN

Minimizing or neutralizing the effects of environmental stresses on crop plants, protecting against pests and diseases, and at the same time ensuring optimal plant growth and development are currently the most important tasks faced by growers and plant producers around the world. Nowadays, the goal is to limit the use of chemicals as much as possible to protect the environment and improve the quality of food. The interest in the use of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms is becoming global, as it can represent an environmentally friendly alternative to chemicalization in the era of threats to crop cultivation in the modern world (climate change, drought, salinity, introduction of plant pests).

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Ryzosfera metalofitów i jej rola w procesie bioremediacji metali ciężkich

Borymski S., Piotrowska-Seget Z.

Chemik

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2014

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Vol. 68, nr 6

554--559

PL

Rośliny zdolne do wzrostu w obecności podwyższonych stężeń metali ciężkich nazywane są metalofitami, a niektóre z nich są zdolne do pobierania i akumulacji jonów metali. Ich ryzosfera stanowi unikalne środowisko, będące rezerwuarem wyspecjalizowanych bakterii metaloopornych. Mikroorganizmy te mogą wpływać na biodostępność jonów metali ciężkich oraz na wzrost i akumulację metali ciężkich przez metalofity. Dlatego rola ryzosfery i procesy w niej zachodzące, w kontekście fitoekstrakcji metali ciężkich, są bardzo ważne.

EN

Plants that occur on heavy metal contaminated soils are called metallophytes. Some of them, known as hyperaccumulators, are able to accumulate heavy metal ions in their shoots and leaves. Rhizosphere of metallophytes encompasses an exceptional environment that involves numerous heavy metal resistant bacteria. Those rhizosphere microorganisms can alter heavy metal bioavailability, influencing their uptake and accumulation by plants. Due to this fact, rhizosphere processes that involve plant-microbe-heavy metal interactions are important for heavy metal phytoextration.