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1
Content available ZnO - Wide bandgap semiconductor and possibilities of its application in optical waveguide structures
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Borysiewicz M. A., Kamińska E., Wojciechowski T., Piotrowska A.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2014
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Vol. 21, nr 3
401--412
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the application of zinc oxide - a wideband gap semiconductor in optical planar waveguide structures. ZnO is a promising semiconducting material thanks to its attractive optical properties. The investigations were focused on the determination of the technology of depositions and the annealing of ZnO layers concerning their optical properties. Special attention was paid to the determination of characteristics of the refractive index of ZnO layers and their coefficients of spectral transmission within the UV-VIS-NIR range. Besides that, also the mode characteristics and the attenuation coefficients of light in the obtained waveguide structures have been investigated. In the case of planar waveguides, in which the ZnO layers have not been annealed after their deposition, the values of the attenuation coefficient of light modes amount to a ≈ 30 dB/cm. The ZnO layers deposited on the heated substrate and annealed by rapid thermal annealing in an N2 and O2 atmosphere, are characterized by much lower values of the attenuation coefficients: a ≈ 3 dB/cm (TE0 and TM0 modes). The ZnO optical waveguides obtained according to our technology are characterized by the lowest values of the attenuation coefficients a encountered in world literature concerning the problem of optical waveguides based on ZnO. Studies have shown that ZnO layers elaborated by us can be used in integrated optic systems, waveguides, optical modulators and light sources.
2
Content available remote Numerical analyses of optical couplers for planar waveguides
Pustelny T., Struk P.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2012
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Vol. 20, No. 3
201-206
EN
The paper presents the results of numerical analyses of optical structures realized in the form of planar waveguides made of materials with high values of the refractive index n ≈ 1.85. The analysed structures consist of a waveguide and input-output systems. Input-output couplers are realized in the form of prisms as well as Bragg's grating couplers. Numerical investigations were carried out by applying the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
3
Content available remote A suggestion of utilizing bimodal layers of the polymer SU8 for the purpose of monitoring the changes in the refractive index
Gut K.
Optica Applicata
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2012
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Vol. 42, nr 2
407-416
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the measurements of the refractive index and the thickness of planar waveguide structures, obtained by photopolymerization of the polymer SU8. In the paper, the mode sensitivity has been calculated as a function of the thickness in a bimodal structure. The differential interference has been analyzed, concerning the modes of the same types TE0-TE1 and TM0-TM1. The thickness of the layer has been determined when the interferometer is most sensitive to the changes in the refractive index.
4
Content available Differential interference in a polymer waveguide
Gut K.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2011
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Vol. 59, nr 4
395-399
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the measurement of the refractive index and the thickness of planar waveguide structures, obtained by photo polymerization of the polymer SU8. In the paper the mode sensitivity has been calculated as a function of the thickness in a single-mode structure. The thickness of the layer has been determined in the case when the interferometer is most sensitive to changes of the refractive index.
5
Content available Metoda pomiaru modowej dyspersji chromatycznej w światłowodach planarnych
Rogoziński R.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
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2007
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R. 53, nr 9 bis
273--276
PL
W pracy zaproponowana została metoda pomiarów właściwości dyspersyjnych efektywnych współczynników załamania modów światłowodów planarnych w zakresie widzialnym widma. Wykorzystuje ona monochromator, sprzęgacz pryzmatyczny i kamerę CCD. W pomiarach rejestruje się obrazy widm modowych dla różnych długości fal zadawanych za pomocą monochromatora. Znajomość dyspersji chromatycznej sprzęgacza pryzmatycznego pozwala na wyznaczanie zależności dyspersyjnych efektywnych współczynników załamania modów falowodowych.
EN
The method of the measurement modal chromatic dispersion in planar waveguides in the visible range of the spectrum has been proposed in the work. This method make use of monochromator, prism coupler and CCD camera. In the measurements, the visible image of modal spectrum has been logged for the various lengths of waves from monochromator. The knowledge of the prism coupler chromatic dispersion makes possible to calculate modal dispersion properties of waveguides.
6
Content available remote Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers
Karasiński P.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2007
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Vol. 15, No. 3
168-178
EN
The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis as well as the results of experimental research involving planar sensor structures with input grating couplers of the period Δ = 800 nm. In the theoretical part of the paper we discussed the influence of the parameters of a sensor structure on it sensitivities. The experimental part of the work presents the results of experimental research involving the influence of refractive index of the cover on the coupling characteristics of sensor structures with grating couplers. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) were from 0.023° to 0.029°. For the investigated structures we estimated detection thresholds for the changes of refractive index of the cover and the changes of sensitive film thickness. It has been demonstrated that by the application of the elaborated structures we can detect minimal changes of the refractive index (Δnc)min = 2.1×⁻⁶ when the refractive index of the cover nc = 1.333 and (Δnc)min =1.0×⁻⁶ when nc = 1.515. For sensitive films of the thickness w<100 nm, by using the elaborated structures, we can detect mean changes of the thickness along the values lower than 10⁻³ nm.
7
Content available remote Refractive index profiles of planar waveguides produced in electrodiffusion processes
Rogoziński R.
Optica Applicata
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2004
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Vol. 34, nr 4
490-505
EN
The paper presents the results of investigation which demonstrate the possibilities to shape refractive index profiles of planar waveguides produced in glass using the ion exchange technique with the application of electrodiffusion processes with the change of direction of electric field polarization. We also attempted to determine equilibrium concetration of mobile glass ions based on the value of electric charge passing through glass in the electrodiffusion process.
8
Content available remote Bragg's grating coupler in planar optical sol-gel waveguides
Pustelny T., Zielonka I., Karasiński P., Jurusik J.
Optica Applicata
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2004
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Vol. 34, nr 4
477-487
EN
The aim of investigation was to develop a technique of producing Bragg's grating couplers on planar waveguides obtained by means of the sol-gel technique. Introducting a light beam into the waveguide structure is in the case of planar optical systems always an essential technological problem, requiring simple and reproducible solutions without extending the waveguide structure too much. The paper deals with the technology of producing grating couplers by impressing the pattern of the network while forming the planar waveguide structure applying the sol-gel method. the results of investigation on grating couplers obtained in such a way have also been presented. Attention has been drawn to the possibility of using such structures in optoelectronic sensors, particulary gas sensors, including sensors of toxic gases.
9
Two-Mode Planar and Channel Polarimetric Difference Interferometer
Gut K.
Molecular and Quantum Acoustics
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2004
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Vol. 25
101-108
EN
In the paper are presented investigations of planar and channel polarimetric interferometer made by ion exchange in glass for sensor applications. J have determined the dependence of the difference of propagation constants of orthogonal modes of the same order on the refractive index of the cover, for planar waveguides obtained during the ion exchange K+-Na+ in the glass BK-7. Similar measurements have been made for the exchange Ag+-Na+, determining also for that case the influence of heating time on those parameters.
10
Investigating the Attenuation Changes of Modes Guided in Waveguides with Absorbing Cover
Gut K., Pamuła M.
Molecular and Quantum Acoustics
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2001
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Vol. 22
187-196
EN
The paper is summarizing theoretical and experimetal works carried out so far, involving the investigation on the influence of the absorption of the planr waveguide's cover on the attenuation of the guided modes - a phenomenon being a fundamental element for the functioning of optic sensors based on the effect of absorption change af the cover. Theoretical fundamentals of this phenomenon have been discussed, a new measurement methods has been.
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