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A cadaveric study on the rate of strain-dependent behaviour of human anterior cruciate ligament

Marieswaran M., Sikidar Arnab, Rana Abhishek, Singh Dilpreet, Mansoori Nasim, Lalwani Sanjeev, Kalyanasundaram Dinesh

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2021

Vol. 23, no. 1

45--57

Purpose: Failure of anterior cruciate ligament often occurs in young sports personnel hampering their career. Such ACL ruptures are quite prevalent in sports such as soccer during dynamic loading which occurs at more than one rate of loading. In this work, a structural constitutive equation has been used to predict the forces acting on ACL for different rates of loading. Methods: Ligaments with distal femur and proximal tibia were subjected to tensile loading to avoid crushing of tissue ends and slipping at higher rates of strain. Custom designed cylindrical grippers were fabricated to clamp the distal femur and proximal tibial bony sections. To estimate parameters for the model, eighteen fresh cadaveric femur-ACL-tibia complex (FATC) samples were experimented on by pure tensile loading at three orders of rates of strain viz., 0.003, 0.03, and 0.3 s–1. The experimental force-elongation data was used to obtain parameters for De-Vita and Slaughter’s equation. The model was validated with additional tensile experiments. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated failure stress, Young’s modulus and volumetric strain energy to vary significantly as a function of rate of strain. Midsection failure was observed only in samples tested at 0.03 s–1. Femoral or tibial insertion failure were observed in all other experiments irrespective of rate of strain. Conclusion: Human FATC samples were tensile tested to failure at three rates of strain using custom-designed cylindrical grippers. A structural model was used to model the data for the ACL behaviour in the linear region of loading to predict ligament behaviour during dynamic activities in live subjects.

Assessment of body balance of patients treated with the Ilizarov method for tibial nonunion

Pajchert-Kozłowska Andżelika, Pawik Łukasz, Szelerski Łukasz, Żarek Sławomir, Górski Radosław, Pawik Malwina, Fink-Lwow Felicja, Morasiewicz Piotr

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 3

131--137

Purpose: The biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system in patients after tibial nonunion treatment using the Ilizarov method have not yet been fully explored. From the orthopaedic and patient point of view, after the treatment, an assessment should be carried out of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to assess the body balance of patients treated with the Ilizarov method for tibial nonunion. Methods: The research group included 24 individuals with a mean age of 55 years, who were treated for aseptic tibial nonunion with the Ilizarov method. The control group was matched to the study group in terms of gender and age, and consisted of 32 subjects with a mean age of 50.5 years and no significant medical history. This study evaluated the balance of patients with the use of pedobarography. Results: In the control group, a statistically significantly shorter path of centre of gravity was observed. There were no statistical differences between the study and control groups for the field area of the centre of gravity. There were no statistical differences between the study and control groups for the minor axis length or major axis length of the centre of gravity. There was a relationship between the centre of pressure path length and the age of the participants in both the control group and the study group. Conclusions: Treatment of patients with tibial nonunion with the Ilizarov fixator achieves similar balance to healthy volunteers. In the pedobarographic evaluation, patients treated for tibial nonunion using the Ilizarov method had similar statics of the musculoskeletal system to healthy volunteers.

Geometrical modeling of knee joint including anatomic properties

Borkowski P., Sowiński T., Kwiatkowski K., Skalski K., Żabicka M., Polczyński M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

2006

z. 26

40-46

Presently, CT is one of the most common and accessible methods of human internal structure research. Current programmes for tomographic data processing of data logged from tomography projection allow generation of three-dimensional images of organs. These reconstructions show that they are usually suitable for a precise preparation of surgical procedure operation planning, particularly in the case of joints. In the paper, basic methodology of that kind is shown on the example of a knee joint. The methodology leads to obtaining individual three dimensional models of large human joints. Analysis of tomographic data and creation of the three-dimensional model of the joint was conducted with use of MIMICS.