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Ecological indicators of the perkins 1104D-e44TA engine after its adaptation for being powered with natural gas and diesel fuel

Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Warianek M.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 3

143--150

EN

The contemporary progress of automotive industry and transportation is determined to a large extent by the increasing environmental requirements, aimed at limiting the harmful impact of vehicles upon human life and people’s health. A crucial issue linked with operating vehicles is the exhaust gases generated by internal combustion engines. In order to reduce this hazardous impact upon the natural environment, the construction of the engines is continuously improved, electronic controlling is being developed for managing the course of working processes taking place in cylinders and auxiliary systems, exhaust gases cleaning systems are being developed, alternative fuels are being sought for and the possibilities of their optimal use are being examined. Natural gas is the fuel that is highly expected and hoped to be used more widely for powering internal combustion engines in vehicles. This article presents the values of selected ecological indicators of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA Diesel engine, powered by compressed natural gas and Diesel fuel (CNG + ON). For comparison reasons, the engine was powered with both fuels at the same time and then only by Diesel fuel (ON) in the same working conditions. Before the tests, the powering system control unit had been calibrated so as to enable obtaining similar values of torque while the engine was powered with the Diesel fuel only and with both CNG and ON while working with external speed characteristics; the calibration was also set up to allow for the maximum share of the natural gas in the total fuel amount supplied into the engine cylinders without engine knocking. When powering the engine with both CNG and Diesel fuel, the concentration levels of nitric oxides and carbon dioxide in exhaust gases were lower. However, the total content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases grew multiple times, and the content of the carbon monoxide was significantly increased. In addition, the obtained measurement results of the smokiness of the exhaust gases and the content of the soot with the engine powered with two fuels were not satisfactory.

2

Field of pressure in zone contact elements assembly PRC stationary quantification

Tkaczyk M., Kaźmierczak A., Kaźmierczak Ł., Górniak A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 3

463-471

EN

One of the most common worldwide rubbing couple which performs plane-turning motion is a pair of selling rings - cylinder sleeve of a Piston - Ring- Cylinder (PRC) system of a combustion engine. It explains the necessity of performing investigations concerning the phenomenon occurring in rubbing couple PRC. One of the most important issues is the friction losses as well as losses of the working medium from the combustion chamber. Mathematical models of gas flow in the PRC are described in the literature differ in the way of description and scope of the phenomena taken into account. In this paper approach to determine the flow spaces between the rings considering the effect of the geometry of the PRC system has been proposed. Investigation conducted with aid of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were aimed on determination of flow resistance within the surface between the piston, rings, and cylinder liner. Aim of the study was achieved - The pressure field. it has been found that it is possible to determine the pressure field in the space of the PRC system basing on the approximation of the generalized transport equations for a discrete geometric model using the finite volume method. The precision of the results depends on the account in the form of boundary conditions as well as external conditions.

3

Multidimensional engine starting characteristics

Pszczółkowski J.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 3

385-392

EN

The difficulties in obtaining the start of piston combustion engines increase at low temperature conditions. Lowering abilities of a diesel engine to undertake the independent operating, at low temperature, result from its influence on exploitation materials, engine systems properties, and directly from low ering the temperature of sucked-up into the engine cylinders air. The successful engine start-up depends on three independent parameters: engine (and ambient) temperature, engine crankshaft rotational speed extorted by starting system and the time period at which this system is operating. An individual engine starting abilities measure can be the time of starter motor operating at aparticular temperature or its start-up limit temperature determined according to a specified research standard. The dependence of start-up time or start-up limit temperature on any particular factor is the engine starting characteristic. The combustion engine is a very complex object in respect of its starting abilities. If the engine constructionai adjustment and exploitation parameters are changed, the start-up characteristic (function) is a multi-dimensional function. Formally, from mathematical point of view, it is a surface in a multidimensional space. It is possible to obtain any engine starting characteristic by multidimensional starting surface intersection. In the paper there are presented examples of one- and multi- dimensional diesel engine starting characteristics as results of long-lasting starting tests of many engines.

4

Charakterystyki rozruchu silnika 4CT90

Koliński K, Pszczółkowski J

Silniki Spalinowe

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2009

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R. 48, SC1

215--223

PL

Przedstawiono charakterystyki rozruchowe silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym typu 4CT90. Istotną cechą przeprowadzonych badań jest duża ilość prób rozruchu realizowanych w danej temperaturze otoczenia i silnika przy zachowaniu określonych zasad przygotowania silnika i metody jego uruchamiania. Stąd wyniki te dają dobrą podstawę do analizy statystycznej procesu rozruchu. Dokonano analizy wielkości charakteryzujących rozruch i podlegających pomiarowi bezpośredniemu, takich jak: natężenie prądu pobieranego z akumulatora przez świece żarowe i rozrusznik, napięcie na zaciskach oraz wartość średnia prędkości wymuszanej przez rozrusznik. Szczególnie istotnymi dla charakterystyki rozruchu, oceny jego trudności w niskiej temperaturze i analizy powtarzalności są czasy powstania pierwszego zapłonu i rozruchu silnika. Ponadto, na podstawie zarejestrowanych przebiegów wymienionych wielkości określono wartości pobranego z akumulatora ładunku oraz energii elektrycznej akumulatora zużytej podczas rozruchu.

EN

The start-up characteristics of 4CT90 diesel engine are presented. Important feature of the performed research is a great number of starting tests at the same ambient and tested engine temperature. The same procedures of engine preparing and its starting methods were applied. Because of it obtained results are analysed using statistic methods. There are analysed parameters describing starting process, which were directly measured, such as: electric current intensity taken from the battery by glow plugs and electric starter, voltage between the battery terminals and mean value of engine crankshaft. Especially important for the starting characteristic, appreciation of its difficulty at low temperature conditions and for repeatability analysis is the time of the first combustion occurring and engine starting time. Moreover, using parameters mentioned above there are calculated values of electric charge and electric energy taken from the battery during engine starting.

5

Metody badań rozruchowych silników tłokowych w niskiej temperaturze i propozycje ich doskonalenia

Pszczółkowski J.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2001

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Vol. 50, nr 9

127-141

PL

Przedstawiono podstawowe aspekty metodyki badań rozruchowych silników spalinowych w niskiej temperaturze. Scharakteryzowano stosowane normy badań rozruchowych, głównie pod względem zasad realizacji i oceny wyniku próby rozruchowej. Wykazano różnice oceny właściwości rozruchowych silnika zależnie od zastosowanej metody badań. Określono podstawowe przyczyny błędów systematycznych w badaniach rozruchowych i sposoby ich minimalizacji. Omówiono i uzasadniono wybrane zasady analizy wyników badań rozruchowych.

EN

The fundamental aspects of research method of combustion engine at low temperature start-up are presented. Starting research standards are characterised especially taking into consideration the principles of conducting and starting attempt results evaluation. The engine starting properties evaluation differences are proved in dependance on applied research method. The principal causes of systematic inaccuracies at start-up tests and the ways to minimize them are appreciated. Some principles of start-up research results analysis are presented and discussed.

6

Badania eksperymentalne wpływu oporu przepływu filtru powietrza na parametry pracy silnika T359E

Dziubak T., Trawiński G.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2001

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Vol. 50, nr 4

135-149

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wpływu zmiany oporu przepływu filtru powietrza na wybrane parametry pracy silnika doładowanego T359E. Badania wykonano bez zewnętrznego obciążenia silnika, wykorzystując metodykę "charakterystyki dynamicznej".

EN

There are presented the experimental research results of air filter flow drag influence on the turbocharged engine T359E selected operation parameters. The tests were performed wifhout any external loading making use of the dynamic characteristic.