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1
Content available Strength of Adhesive Joints of Thermally Modified Ash Wood Glued With Polyvinyl Acetate – Based Adhesives
Kshyvetskyy Bogdan Yroslavovich, Datskiv Halyna Mykolayivna
Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
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2023
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Vol. 66, nr 211
Art. no. 1644-3985.426.03
EN
Adhesives for gluing thermally modified wood were analyzed. The methods for conducting experimental studies to determine the strength of adhesive joints of thermally modified ash wood and unmodified pine wood, using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-based adhesives of durability class D4 were described. According to the results of experimental studies based on the proposed methodology, it was established that the strength of adhesive joints of thermally modified ash wood and unmodified pine wood stretched along the fibers after the first stage of testing is 6.21 MPa, after the second stage 4.56 MPa, and after the third stage 3.90 MPa. The average strength of the adhesive joints of the control specimens is 7.12 MPa. According to the obtained research results, the nature of destruction of the adhesive joints of thermally modified ash wood and unmodified pine wood was determined depending on the test stage. The greatest destruction occurred on the adhesive line, and the least on the pine wood. It was assumed theoretically that during the thermal modification of ash wood, hemicellulose decomposes and acetic acid is released, leading to the formation of furfural, which impairs wood surface wetting and affects the adhesive strength of PVA-based adhesive joints.
2
Content available remote Torrefaction of composite biofuel in the atmosphere of its own gaseous environment
Mykhailyk Viacheslav, Korinchevska Tetіana, Dakhnenko Valery
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
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2022
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Vol. 6, nr 2
75--82
EN
Torrefied pellets of composite fuel made from a mixture (1:1) of pine wood with lowland peat and pine wood were studied by TGA and DTA methods. Torrefaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure in a gaseous environment, which was formed in a limited space during the partial thermal decomposition of organic substances of fuel. An increase in the torrefaction temperature from 250°C to 290°C leads to an increase in the degree and temperature range of fuel decomposition. The presence of wood in the composite fuel has a positive effect on the results of torrefaction: the heat of thermal decomposition increases, ash content and hydrophilicity decrease. The method of torrefaction without the use of inert gases has shown its effectiveness and the possibility of application in the production of torrefied fuel.
3
Content available Influence of top layer density and thickness on hardness of two-layer floor elements
Grześkiewicz Marek, Kozakiewicz Paweł, Borysiuk Piotr, Romanovski Valerjan, Cichy Andrzej
Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
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2020
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vol. 63, nr 205
69--80
EN
The subject of this paper is testing the hardness of two-layer floor materials with top layer made of ash wood in tangential cut, and bottom layer made of pine wood, radial cut, with cross wood fibre layout in both layers. Tests were carried out for top layer thickness 6.6 mm, 4.0 mm and 2.0 mm. Strong correlations were noticed between the hardness of floor elements and the density of the top layer for each thickness variant. Overall statistically significant influence of bottom layer density on the hardness of two-layer floor elements was observed in samples whose top layer was 2.0 mm thick.
4
Content available Correlation between the share of latewood and the density of sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region
Mańkowski Piotr, Krzosek Sławomir, Burawska-Kupniewska Izabela, Grześkiewicz Marek, Mirski Radosław
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2020
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No. 109
70--75
EN
Correlation between the share of latewood and the density of sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region. The paper describes the results of density measurements and the share of latewood in pine wood samples (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The samples were obtained from sawn timber from different kinds of log: butt, middle and top. The place from which the timber was obtained (three different log kinds) was taken into account when assessing the correlation between wood density and the share of latewood.
PL
Zależność pomiędzy udziałem drewna późnego a gęstością drewna tartacznego pochodzącego ze Śląskiej KP-L. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów gęstości drewna i udziału drewna późnego dla próbek drewna sosnowego pobranych z tarcicy pozyskanej z kłód odziomkowych, środkowych i wierzchołkowych pochodzących ze Śląskiej Krainy Przyrodniczo-Leśnej. Wraz z rosnącą gęstością drewna rośnie udział drewna późnego. Dla drewna strefy odziomkowej zależność jest słaba, dla stref środkowej i wierzchołkowej R2 jest zdecydowanie wyższa. Charakter zmian dla części odziomkowej (O), środkowej (S) i wierzchołkowej (W) jest zbliżony.
5
Content available Load-bearing capacity of solid timber beams with small cross section height strengthened with composite sheets
Bakalarz M., Kossakowski P.
Structure and Environment
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2018
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Vol. 10, no. 4
301--308
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental tests focused on strengthening a solid pine beams with lightweight plastics. Glass fiber reinforced sheets S&P G-Sheet E 90/10 B and carbon fiber reinforced sheets S&P C-Sheet 240 applied to the soffit of the element were used as a reinforcement. The four point bending strength test were carried out on the laboratory scale elements. Test results indicated a significant increase in ductile behavior as well as increase in load bearing capacity of beams.
PL
W pracy przedstawione zostały wyniki próby wzmocnienia litych belek sosnowych, wykorzystując lekkie tworzywa sztuczne. Zbrojenie stanowiły maty zbrojonej włóknem szklanym S&P G-Sheet E 90/10 B oraz maty z włóknem węglowym S&P C-Sheet 240 przyklejone do podbitki elementów. Próby te przeprowadzone zostały na elementach w skali laboratoryjnej poddanych czteropunktowemu zginaniu. Wyniki badań wskazały na istotny wzrost ciągliwości elementów oraz przyrost wytrzymałości na zginanie.
6
Content available remote The effect of the type of stylus on the results of surface roughness of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) after milling
Pinkowski G., Horak I., Szymański W., Stefanowski S., Krauss A.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2018
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No. 104
36--42
EN
The article presents results of the surface roughness of pine wood and it shows a problem of comparison of results obtained using profilometers with different measuring gauges. Moreover, the effect of feeding speed and rotational speed of a spindle on the surface quality was investigated. Large dispersion of the results was observed, depending on applied measuring gauge. The differences between the results were variable and depended on technological parameters of milling process. During increasing the rotational speed (cutting speed), difference between the results for each gauge also increased. Moreover it was stated that rotational speed of the spindle, and feeding speed have a considerable effect on the surface roughness of pine wood. Multiple regression equations were designated for both measuring gauges and both analyzed roughness parameters.
7
Content available remote The effect of the type of stylus on the results of surface roughness of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) after milling
Pinkowski G., Horak I., Szymański W., Stefanowski S., Krauss A.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2018
|
No. 103
185--191
EN
The article presents results of the surface roughness of pine wood and it shows a problem of comparison of results obtained using profilometers with different measuring gauges. Moreover, the effect of feeding speed and rotational speed of a spindle on the surface quality was investigated. Large dispersion of the results was observed, depending on applied measuring gauge. The differences between the results were variable and depended on technological parameters of milling process. During increasing the rotational speed (cutting speed), difference between the results for each gauge also increased. Moreover it was stated that rotational speed of the spindle, and feeding speed have a considerable effect on the surface roughness of pine wood. Multiple regression equations were designated for both measuring gauges and both analyzed roughness parameters.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań chropowatości powierzchni drewna sosny i sygnalizuje problem porównywalności wyników uzyskanych na profilografometrach z różnymi końcówkami pomiarowymi. Ponadto badano wpływ prędkości posuwu i prędkości obrotowej wrzeciona na stan obrobionej powierzchni po obróbce na frezarce dolnowrzecionowej. Zaobserwowano duże zróżnicowanie otrzymanych wyników, w zależności od zastosowanej końcówki pomiarowej. Różnice między wynikami były zmienne, w zależności od rodzaju końcówki i wyznaczonego parametru chropowatości. Wraz ze wzrostem prędkości skrawania wzrastała różnica w otrzymanych wynikach chropowatości, pomiędzy zastosowanymi końcówkami pomiarowymi. Ponadto stwierdzono istotny wpływ prędkości posuwu i prędkości obrotowej wrzeciona na chropowatość powierzchni drewna sosny oraz wyznaczono równania regresji wielorakiej dla obu końcówek pomiarowych i analizowanych parametrów chropowatości.
8
Content available remote Influence of pine wood impregnation with natural linseed oil on its modulus of elasticity
Borysiuk P., Krajewski K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2018
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No. 104
123--129
9
Content available The influence of selected factors on the strenght of wood adhesive joints
Rudawska Anna, Maziarz Marek, Šajgalík Michał, Valášek Petr, Zlamal Tomas, Iasnii Volodymyr
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2018
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Vol. 12, no 3
47--54
EN
This paper examines the effect of selected factors on the wood bonded joint strength. The structural factor under scrutiny was the geometry of the surface area; however, other major dimensions of adherends were compared as well. The tests were performed on 6 joint types: butt, v-shaped, interlocking, scarf, tongue & groove, and single lap joints, which were formed on two types of substrate materials – pine and oak wood, and adhesively bonded. The joints were bonded with Prefere 6312 wood adhesive and Loctite 3430 two-component epoxy adhesive. Strength testing of the joints was performed on Zwick/Roell Z150 material testing machine, according to DIN EN 1465 standard. The results obtained from the tests indicate that bonded joints of oak wood exhibit higher strength properties than those of pine wood adherends, which was confirmed in nearly all strength tests.
10
Content available remote The activation energy of swelling sap of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) in water
Moliński W., Kuczyński M., Puszynski J., Roszyk E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2014
|
No. 88
151--156
EN
The activation energy of swelling sap of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) in water. This paper shows the results of the activation energy of swelling sapwood of pine wood in water. The results showed that activation energy value range from 4.8 to 10.7 kJ/mol. It is also noted that its depend on the density.
11
Content available remote Effect of temperature of thermo-mechanical treatment of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) veneers upon gloss and wettability
Krystofiak T., Bekhta P., Muszyńska M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2014
|
No. 88
126--129
EN
Effect of temperature of thermo-mechanical treatment of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) veneers upon gloss and wettability. The aim of investigations was determination of gloss and wettability of pine wood veneers after thermo-mechanical treatment. Rotary cut veneer sheets of pine wood and moisture content of 5% were chosen for the experiments. In laboratory hydraulic press was densification at temperatures of 150, 180, and 210°C, pressure 3 MPa, and time 3 min. Gloss of veneers was determined with the photoelectric method with PICO GLOSS apparatus. Wettability measurements were performed microscope methods with the goniometric equipment. It was stated, that temperature of thermo-mechanical treatment influenced on the course of gloss and wettability.
12
Content available remote Badania kinetyki pirolizy drewna sosnowego
Porada S.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2012
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T. 91, nr 2
202-205
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań szybkości wydzielania się gazowych produktów w trakcie pirolizy drewna sosnowego. Pomiary prowadzono w warunkach nieizotermicznych, ogrzewając próbki z szybkością 3 K/min w atmosferze argonu. Obliczono parametry kinetyczne reakcji tworzenia się gazowych węglowodorów oraz wydajności wodoru, tlenków węgla i gazowych węglowodorów w badanym procesie.
EN
Pinewood was pyrolyzed at 600–1200 K under nonisothermal conditions to H₂, low-chain hydrocarbons and C oxides to study the process kinetics. H₂ and CO were main products of the pyrolysis. The process was described by using the 2nd order reaction equation.
13
Content available remote Investigations of ultrasonic waves in wood
Drelich R., Kaczmarek M., Kubik J.
Vibrations in Physical Systems
|
2002
|
Vol. 20
134--135
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