Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Mikroorganizmy jako czynnik zmniejszający zanieczyszczenie środowiska mikroplastikami

Janczak Katarzyna, Mazuryk Alicja, Lisewska Daria, Puszczykowska Natalia, Fiedurek Kacper

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 10

1081--1086

PL

Zanieczyszczenie tworzywami, w tym mikroplastikami, stanowi problem wielu środowisk. W celu opracowania bioproduktu wytypowano mikroorganizmy przyspieszające biodegradację polilaktydu (PLA). Spośród 48 wybrano 6 szczepów bakterii, których aktywność metaboliczna istotnie wzrastała w obecności PLA, powodując zmiany degradacyjne folii. Dodatkowo nie wykazywały one fitotoksyczności wobec rzepaku.

EN

Of the 48 types of bacteria tested for their ability to grow on polylactide (PLA) film, 6 were selected whose metabolic activity significantly increased in the presence of PLA. After 28 days of incubation at 29°C, the growth was assessed according to the degree of surface coverage of the film sample, then the changes in the surface structure were analyzed and the BOD was detd. The mass loss of the PLA sample, carbonyl index and O/C ratio were detd. The anal. of PLA degradation changes indicated the greatest potential of bacterial strains isolated from polymer plastic waste from landfills. Additionally, they did not show phytotoxicity to rapeseed.

2

Assessment of trace elements pollution in snow piles removed from residential areas in Perm, Russia

Ushakova Evgeniya, Menshikova Elena, Karavaeva Tatiana, Puzik Alexey, Volkova Margarita, Vaganov Sergey

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 56

109--117

EN

Atmospheric deposition, vehicular transportation and de-icing agents are major sources polluted snow in urban. This study investigates the current trace elements concentrations of snow and de-icing using ICP-MS, and phytotoxicity using three vascular plants in snow. The study assesses the contamination, classification and phytotoxicity of snow quality removed from roads of residential areas and piled on children’s playgrounds in residential territories. The research found that according to Russian environmental quality standard for water has been identified the exceeding trace elements in snow by W, Se, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Ni and Zn. The pollution indices (PLI, CF and Zc) were identified pollution level of snow piles from moderate contamination to very high contamination. Based on average germination index values for Sinapis alba L., Lepidium sativum L., and Triticum aestivum L., the degree of inhibition in snow piles varied from no inhibition to strong inhibition. The trace elements content in de-icing “Galit А” and salt sand mix are defined in the following descending order: Zn > Mn > Ba > V > Rb > Sr and Mn > Ba > Cr > V > Sr > Ni, respectively. High concentrations of trace elements in snow piles are a source of environmental pollution. To prevent snow storage and disposal in residential areas should be involved in future studies of environmental pollution and circular economy, so that environmental managers can reduce threats to the environment and public health, as well as initiate circular economy projects in urban areas.

3

The Evolution of Compost Phytotoxicity during Municipal Waste and Poultry Manure Composting

Aylaj Mina, Adani Fabrizio

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 6

281--293

EN

Composting is commonly used for waste management and the evaluation of its quality is important for successful application. Seed germination test is commonly adopted due to its capacity to examine the toxicity level of compost. The seed test is usually evaluated on the final product and the results can vary with the different methods and the type of seed utilized. In this study, the evolution of seed germination tests during the composting process of municipal waste (MSW) mixed with poultry manure (PM) of two species tomato and sugar beet was examined. The impact of compost water extracts on seed germination and plant primary root growth for each sampling was reported. The chemical parametrs were evaluated on the final product. Results show that mixture C1 with a higher amount of municipal waste gave less compost yield than mixture C2. After 35 days of composting, the compost was phytotoxic for tomato and sugar beet seeds. The seeds of the two cultures reacted differently to the same compost. The compost could stimulate sugar beet germination at days 110, 140, 180, 212 and 252. Seed germination of sugar beet was increased and delayed by one day by the compost stabilized and mature as compared with the control.

4

Study of Microbiological Processes in the Soil of a Two-Year Fallow

Malynovska Iryna, Tkachenko Mycola, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

309--316

EN

A high degree of ploughing the soils is a destabilization factor of agrolandscapes and intensification of the erosion processes. Therefore, there arises a need to study the direction of the soil processes during the transfer of the arable land into a state of fallow. The state of microbiocenosis of a two-year-old abandoned land (fallow) was investigated using the gray forest soil in the variants of spontaneous overgrowth, sowing of grass mixtures and sowing of grass mixtures with simultaneous optimization of mineral nutrition of the phytocenosis as an example. It has been established that the least stable microbiocenosis is formed during the cultivation of the grass mixtures, which is characterized by the minimum total number of microorganisms (647.1 million CFU•g–1 of absolutely dry soil) and the minimum number of significant relations between the constituents (components) of the microbial community (98). The total number of microorganisms in the microbiocenosis of the spontaneous overgrowth variant and the legume-grass mixture exceeds that of the cereal grass mixture variant by 6.29 and 34.8%, respectively. A similar indicator for the total number of significant relations was 4.08%. Application of mineral fertilizers intensifies the process of mineralization of nitrogen compounds and slows down the consumption of the soil organic matter in the variants of sudden recovery of phytocenosis and cultivation of the legume-cereal grass mixture. The soil of the variant of the grass mixture is characterized by minimum total biological activity; it is 1.33 and 33.2% lesser than the total biological activity of the variants of spontaneous overgrowth and cultivation of the legume-grass mixture.

5

Efficiency of Probiotic Application for the Remediation of Contaminated Soils in Agrocenoses

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Mostoviak Ivan, Lavrinenko Inna, Shpyrna Vladyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 6

94--99

EN

The problem of soil contamination is relevant today. Soil contamination is generally associated with intensive industrial activities, inadequate waste management, mining, military activities, or accidents. Pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) are accumulating in soil and have major indirect impacts on biodiversity, quality of groundwater resources, and food safety. Soil contamination of agricultural land is a particular threat. Due to the military action and other conditions, the numbers of sites where potentially polluting activities have taken place are increasing in Ukraine. The cultivation of agricultural crops on soils with a medium or high level of toxicity is only possible after the remediation of this area. The use of biological methods to intensify soil remediation processes, thereby reducing the additional burden on the environment, is becoming more widespread. The application of probiotics is an innovative and ecological method for the restoration of contaminated soils. This will enable to improve the conceptual approaches to the implementation of an ecologically safe model for the restoration of contaminated land under the conditions of military action in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to assess the phytotoxic effect of soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products before and after probiotic application. The seedling method was used to determine the remediation potential of contaminated soils. An express test of Triticum aestivum was used to determine soil phytotoxicity. The research results show the negative impact of soil contamination with heavy metals and petroleum products on the biometric indices of Triticum aestivum plants and positive dynamics of biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in variants after probiotic treatment (86–92% compared to the control). The obtained data show that a significant phytotoxic effect is observed by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in all studied variants. The highest phytotoxic effect (33.56–42.70%) was observed in variants with combined contamination (PP+Zn+Pb). The results of probiotic application show a phytotoxic effect of less than 20% by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum for all studied variants. Therefore, the results of the research can be used to develop recommendations for the remediation of land contaminated by military actions in Ukraine and the creation of sustainable agroecosystems.

6

Phytotoxicity Testing of Composts from Biodegradable Municipal Waste

Sláviková Martina, Báreková Anna, Tátošová Lucia, Ducsay Ladislav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 12

83--88

EN

The production of compost from biodegradable municipal waste is important not only for reducing the amount of landfilled waste. The compost produced with the right technology can replenish the missing organic matter in the soil and improve its properties. This paper deals with the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of composts from garden and kitchen biodegradable wastes. Their effect on plant germination and overall plant condition under laboratory conditions was investigated. The samples of compost from the industrial composting plant of the city of Nitra and compost from the electric composter GG02 were used for this test. The tested composts were mixed with the reference substrate in different concentrations and applied to two plant species – Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare). After 21 days, the number of germinated plants (i.e. germination rate), the length of the aerial part of the plants, the weight of fresh biomass and also its weight after drying were evaluated. The highest lettuce germination rate was obtained with 25% of the compost from the industrial composting plant. Barley achieved the best germination rate at up to 50% concentration of this compost. However, the highest biomass weight was obtained for the barley in the reference sample, i.e. without the addition of compost. In contrast, the application of compost from the industrial composting plant on lettuce, regardless of its concentration, had a clear stimulating effect, in all the parameters studied. The compost from the electric composter at concentrations of 25 and 50% had an inhibitory effect on all tested parameters of both plants.

7

Model of Biomass Productivity under the Influence of Change in the Phytotoxicity of Podzol Soil Due to Reintroduction of Sewage Sludge under Energy Willow

Lopushniak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Polutrenko Myroslava, Lopushniak Halyna, Voloshyn Yurii, Kotsyubynska Yulia, Baran Bagdana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 12

217--226

EN

Utilization of sewage sludge during phytoremediation of territories and its introduction as fertilizer for energy crops requires testing for phytotoxicity of the soil cover, which will allow determining an ecologically safe dose of its use and minimizing the negative impact on agroecosystems. It will also contribute to the formation of optimal productivity of agrophytocenoses as well as optimize the nutrition conditions for intensive growth and development of cultivated plants. The research conducted an analysis of the impact of the increase in phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil from the introduction of fresh sewage sludge and its composts with various organic materials (sawdust of coniferous trees, straw of grain crops) on the formation of biomass productivity of energy willow during a repeated cycle of cultivation. Regression and correlation analyses were used to build a mathematical model of biomass productivity under the influence of changes in the phytotoxicity of podzol soil due to repeated introduction of sewage sludge under the energy willow. The obtained regression dependences show that the formation of phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil is most affected by the increase in the content of Pb and Cd. However, the introduction of the norm of fresh SS within 80 t/ha did not lead to an increase in the content of these heavy metals above the maximum allowable concentrations, although it contributed to an increase in phytotoxicity to an above average level. The maximum predicted productivity, depending on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil, is about 60 t/ha at a content of Cd = 0.25; Ni = 1.1 Pb = 4.6 mg/kg soil. As the phytotoxicity of the soil increases to an above-average level (phytotoxic effect 40–46%), the intensity of biomass accumulation of energy willow slows down somewhat. In general, after a repeated cycle of using the plantation during the 4-year growing season of energy willow in all options where fertilizers were applied, the productivity of wood biomass increased significantly compared to the control option by 7.7–17.4 t/ha and with the smallest significant difference between the indicators of the research options 4.23 t/ha.

8

Bioremediation Possibilities of Oil-Contaminated Soil by Biosurfactant Based on Bacillus Strain

Nedoroda Vladyslav, Trokhymenko Ganna, Magas Nataliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 8

49--55

EN

This paper represents the results of the investigation of soil phytotoxicity with a high level of oil pollution. The artificially contaminated soils were exposed to an oil-destroying biosurfactant based on the strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a consortium of microorganisms in reducing the phytotoxicity of soils with high levels of oil contamination. The determination was performed on the reactions of test organisms to the pollution of the soil environment. The test system in the experiment comprised Sorghum bicolor subsp. Drummondii, Phleum pretense, Galéga officinális, Trifolium pretense, Medicágo sativa, and Sinapis arvensis. The variety of the applied indicator plants has provided a comprehensive analysis of the results of oil destruction and allowed an assessment of the sensitivity of the seeds of each species to toxic substances.

9

Analysis of the properties of coal sludge in the context of the possibility of using it in biological reclamation

Śliwka Małgorzata, Kępys Waldemar, Pawul Małgorzata

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

|

2022

|

T. 38, z. 4

173--189

EN

The mining industry, including hard-coal mining, has a significant and multifaceted impact on all components of the environment. One of the factors is the production of various types of waste which, due to their physico-chemical and ecotoxic properties, do not always pose a threat to the environment and can be used in various ways. Such treatment of waste perfectly fits into the concept of the circular economy through the protection of natural resources and the maximum re-use of waste. One of the wastes generated by hard-coal mines is coal sludge from the purification of underground water in surface settling tanks. The article presents the results of research on the physico-chemical and phytotoxic properties of carbon sludges from two settling tanks with regard to assessing the possibility of their re-use in the reclamation of degraded areas. These sludges contain mainly sand fractions. An analysis of their chemical composition revealed the presence of heavy metals. Leachability studies have shown that despite the high concentrations of metals, a small quantity of these metals passes into the solution. In this respect, therefore, they do not pose a threat to the environment. However, a threat may result from the presence of chlorides and sulphates, the amounts of which are influenced by, among other factors, the time of waste storage in the settling tank. Phytotoxicity tests performed on garden cress (Lepidium sativum) did not show a toxic effect at any concentration of the water extract. In addition, for one of the sludges, water extracts with concentrations starting from 12.5 and 50% stimulated the growth of the plant’s shoots and roots, respectively. The results show that the tested coal sludges may be used in appropriate doses for reclamation work, for example, when establishing a plant cover.

PL

Przemysł wydobywczy, w tym górnictwo węgla kamiennego, oddziałuje istotnie i wielokierunkowo na wszystkie składowe środowiska. Jednym z problemów jest wytwarzanie rożnego rodzaju odpadów, które ze względu na swoje właściwości fizykochemiczne oraz ekotoksyczne nie zawsze stanowią zagrożenie dla środowiska i mogą być w różny sposób wykorzystane, np. w budownictwie, drogownictwie, przemyśle energetycznym, górnictwie, a także zagospodarowane przyrodniczo i w rolnictwie. Takie postępowanie z odpadami doskonale wpisuje się w koncepcję gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego, poprzez ochronę surowców naturalnych oraz maksymalne wykorzystanie powstających odpadów. Jednym z odpadów górnictwa węgla kamiennego są muły węglowe pochodzące z oczyszczania wód dołowych w powierzchniowych osadnikach. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości fizykochemicznych oraz fitotoksycznych mułów węglowych pochodzących z dwóch osadników, pod kątem oceny możliwości ich wykorzystania w rekultywacji terenów zdegradowanych. Muły zawierają głównie frakcję piaskową. Analiza składu chemicznego wskazała obecność w odpadach metali ciężkich. Ze względu na ochronę gleb, wysokie zawartości baru i chromu ograniczają możliwość wykorzystania tego odpadu do terenów przemysłowych i komunikacyjnych. Badania wymywalności wykazały, że pomimo wysokich stężeń metali, do roztworu przechodzi ich niewielka ilość. Pod tym względem nie stanowią więc zagrożenia dla środowiska. Z kolei zagrożenie może wynikać z obecności chlorków oraz siarczanów, a na ich ilość wpływa m.in. czas składowania odpadu w osadniku. Wykonane testy fitotoksyczności względem Lepidium Sativum nie wykazały efektu toksycznego przy żadnym stężeniu wyciągu wodnego. Ponadto, w przypadku jednego z badanych odpadów, stwierdzono działanie stymulujące wzrost pędów oraz korzeni, przy stężeniach wyciągu wodnego od 12,5 do 50%. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że badane muły węglowe mogą być stosowane w odpowiedniej dawce do prac rekultywacyjnych, np. przy tworzeniu okrywy roślinnej.

10

The Usage of Plant Test Systems for the Determination of Phytotoxicity of Contaminated with Petroleum Products Soil

Cherniak Larysa, Mikhyeyev Oleksandr, Madzhd Svitlana, Lapan Oksana, Dmytrukha Tetyana, Korniienko Iryna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 6

66--71

EN

The level of phytotoxicity of the soil samples artificially contaminated with the aviation kerosene was determined in the work. The dependences of the growth characteristics of the plant test system (flax) on the excess of the approximate permissible concentrations (APC) of the oil product concentration in the soil were identified. The change in the mass of raw material depending on the level of aviation kerosene contamination of soil samples was determined. A decrease in the plant growth activity with an increase in the content of aviation fuel in the soil was established. It was found that there is a hormesis effect at certain concentrations of aviation kerosene in the soil. The comparison of the concentration dependences of the action of petroleum products on the growth rates of seedlings and their dependence on the distance to the source of pollution allowed in the latter case to conduct a kind of “dosimetry” on exposure concentrations when the petroleum product concentration was not determined.

11

The Level of Soil Pollution in the Aksu River Basin as a Result of Anthropogenic Impact

Urymbaeva Aigul A., Bazarbayeva Tursynkul A., Mukanova Gulzhanat A., Umbetbekov Askhat T., Mamyrbekova Aizhan K., Kubesova Gulnar T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 10

225--234

EN

As the main purpose of this article, the authors consider the level of soil pollution in the Aksu River basin as a result of anthropogenic impact, in which factors of anthropogenic transformation of soils in different zones play an important role, as well as processes occurring in soils as a result of their impact. This article highlights the research of the main analyses carried out, which showed that the anthropogenic transformation of soils within the surveyed territory is multifactorial and complex. As an assumed result, the validity of which is analyzed in this article, it can be considered that the degree and forms of manifestation of anthropogenic transformation of foothill soils depend on their use, as one criterion of which is considered the use of such soil for arable land, including irrigated arable land, in which the degradation of mountain soils is mainly associated with pasture loads during a certain period. As a research question, it remains to be considered whether this is really the case or whether the present territory is subject to a different anthropological impact.

12

Study of the Conditions for Accelerating the Composting Process when Adding Microbial Communities

Sokolova Valeriia, Krusir Galina, Sagdeeva Olga, Gnizdovskyi Oleksandr, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 3

11--17

EN

The study of the composting process is a very urgent task. The rapid growth in food production leads to the formation of waste, which should be safely disposed of in a natural way – composting. Composting the vegetable component of food waste can significantly reduce the proportion of waste falling into landfills and utilize the food waste from the hotel and restaurant industry. Additional enrichment of the compost mixture of food waste with the «Baikal EM» microbiological additive accelerates the maturation process and enhances the efficiency of the finished compost. Such compost does not contain viable weed seeds or pathogenic microflora and can be used as a fertilizer. In contrast to the control, a sufficient level of germination index is observed for the studied samples and they are not phytotoxic. The finished compost can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture for growing crops. The results obtained indicate that the index of germination of radish seeds increases along with the duration of fermentation of the composted mixture. Communities of microorganisms contained in the «Baikal EM» additive accelerate the natural process of composting, taking an active part in the destruction of the components of the vegetable mixture. The pH value of the finished compost, both under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, is close to neutral indicators. High values of CO2 emissions from reactors were recorded in the second week under thermophilic and for 3 weeks under mesophilic conditions. The finished compost that fermented under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions can be used as fertilizer, but considering that additional energy is required to create thermophilic conditions, it is advisable to compost the food waste mixture with the addition of the microbiological additive «Baikal EM» under mesophilic conditions.

13

Analysis of Petroleum Biodegradation by a Bacterial Consortium of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. Plantarum and Bacillus subtilis

Nedoroda Vladyslav, Trokhymenko Ganna, Khrapko Taras, Koliehova Anastasiia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 11

36--42

EN

Features of change of phytotoxic influence of the soil polluted with oil at the use of a complex biological product based on strains of microorganisms Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum NSh-2 and Bacillus subtilis NSh-4 in the laboratory were investigated. The level of destruction of petroleum hydrocarbons at different combinations of pollutant and biological product concentrations was determined, as well as in the absence of oil pollution to ensure the assessment of the biological product’s impact on the environment. Soil phytotoxicity was assessed by the method of biotesting using radish seeds of the Sora variety by the ratio of seedling height and the obtained mass of organic matter.

14

Ocena możliwości wykorzystania popiołów ze spalania biomasy w rekultywacji biologicznej

Kojder Klaudia, Śliwka Małgorzata

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

|

2020

|

T. 24, cz. 2

63--70

PL

Odpady energetyczne powstające w wyniku spalania paliw stałych, stanowią duże obciążenie dla środowiska ze względu na ich właściwości fizykochemiczne oraz ilość. Popioły lotne i denne ze spalania węgla brunatnego i kamiennego wykorzystuje się między innymi w drogownictwie, budownictwie, górnictwie, jako materiał podsadzkowy, a także w rolnictwie. Popioły ze spalania biomasy, z uwagi dużą zmienność właściwości fizykochemicznych oraz często wysoką zawartość metali ciężkich i chloru, nie znalazły szerokiego zastosowania. W artykule omówiono wstępne doświadczenia związane z oceną właściwości popiołów fluidalnych ze spalania biomasy pod kątem możliwości ich przyrodniczego wykorzystania. Wyniki przeprowadzonych doświadczeń wykazały możliwość wykorzystania przyrodniczego popiołów dennych do poprawy właściwości fizykochemicznych gleb w rekultywacji terenów zdegradowanych.

EN

Energy waste generated as a result of fuel combustion is a significant environmental problem, due to its physicochemical properties and a large amount of this waste. Fly ash and bottom ash from lignite and coal combustion are used in various fields of the economy. Ashes from biomass combustion, due to their properties, have not yet found such wide application. The article discusses the preliminary experiments related to the assessment of the properties of fluidized ashes from biomass combustion in terms of their natural use.

15

Nanocząstki jako czynnik stresowy dla roślin

Pietrzak Monika, Skiba Elżbieta, Wolf Wojciech M.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2020

|

nr 2

59--63

PL

Rośliny, jak wszystkie organizmy żywe, są narażone na działanie bodźców o charakterze stresowym. Pojawiające się w środowisku biotyczne i abiotyczne czynniki stresowe stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla rolnictwa i ekosystemu, odpowiadając m.in. za redukcję plonów. Zanieczyszczenie środowiska nanocząstkami stało się w ostatnich latach jednym z poważniejszych problemów środowiskowych, a nanocząstki mogą być traktowane jako nowy czynnik stresowy oddziałujący na rośliny. Unikatowe właściwości nanocząstek mogą przyczyniać się do ich specyficznego zachowania w układach biologicznych. Wiele badań wskazuje na negatywny wpływ nanocząstek na różne gatunki roślin, poprzez ograniczenie ich wzrostu, obniżenie aktywności fotosyntetycznej lub innych procesów życiowych.

EN

All living organisms, including plants, are exposed to various stress factors. Environmental stressors, both biotic and abiotic, are a serious threat to agriculture and the ecosystem, leading to a decline in crop productivity. The contamination of the environment with nanoparticles has recently become one of the major environmental concerns, and nanoparticles can be regarded as a new stress factor for plants. The unique properties of nanoparticles may be responsible for their specific behaviour in biological systems. Many studies indicate a negative impact of nanoparticles on various plant species, including a limitation in the growth of plants, reduction of their photosynthetic activity and influence on their other life processes.

16

Fire Effects on Soils – A Pilot Scale Study on the Soils Affected by Wildfires in the Czech Republic

Barroso Petra Martínez, Vaverková Magdalena Daria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 6

248--256

EN

Fires have always been a natural component influencing ecosystems and driving their evolution; however, in recent years they have become too frequent and ecosystems are not able to cope with them anymore. Fires destroy the natural vegetation, which prevents the soil erosion, and affect the soil properties which delay the natural recovery of the fire affected area. This experiment was conducted to assess the phytotoxicity of fire affected soil and to investigate whether different soil amendments can help to decrease the negative effect of fire on soil properties. The study utilised the PhytotoxkitTM test. The tested burnt soil was supplemented with 3% w/w of the following individual soil amendments: bentonite, biochar, compost and diatomite. Then, the phytotoxicity tests were carried out with garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The pH and electrical conductivity of soil were measured and it was revealed that the individual soil amendments affected the values of pH and electrical conductivity diversely. The highest root growth stimulation for Sinapis alba L. was observed when diatomite was added, whereas the most favourable amendment for the stimulating root growth of Lepidium Sativum L. were compost, diatomite and biochar, respectively. This study recommended repeated testing for the amendments that show a capability to stimulate the root growth and conducting tests on a wider group of plant species.

17

Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Post-Production Waste from Zn-Pb Ores as a Material for Natural Land Reclamation

Śliwka Małgorzata, Kępys Waldemar, Pawul Małgorzata

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 2

1343--1365

EN

Rapid technological development in the second half of the 20th century has led to the production of large amounts of waste, which have been collected for years in landfills. The municipal solid waste deposited in landfills and waste from the mining and metallurgical industries constitutes a major environmental problem, but on the other hand these types of waste serve as a reservoir of raw materials, therefore, they are becoming more and more popular as a source of raw materials. Obtaining raw materials from landfills of waste requires technological operations, mainly known from open cast mining, and the application of processing technologies. As a result of landfill mining metal concentrates, construction materials or fuel are obtained; on the other hand often post-processing waste can be formed, which should be utilized, to reduce their nuisance to the environment. Depending on their physicochemical properties, they can be used, e.g. in construction, road engineering, mining or land reclamation. This paper presents research on the possibilities of using postflotation waste from zinc and lead ores, deposited in old repositories, for land reclamation after waste reflotation. For this purpose, the physical and chemical properties of waste were examined, such as: grain composition, chemical composition, content of radioactive isotopes and leaching. To determine the ecotoxicity of the investigated wastes, vegetative experiments were carried out. These studies allowed the assessment of the impact of the tested wastes on selected test plant species. Among other things, the impact of waste on such physiological processes as germination of seeds and the growth of plants (roots and above-ground parts) were investigated. Despite relatively high metal concentration levels in waste and a high leachability of sulphate ions, a small dose of waste, which will be added to soil will stimulate plant growth. It was found, that the addition of waste to the substrate in quantities of 10-30% have accelerated germination of plants compared to control objects. In the case of higher waste content (over 30%) germination inhibition was observed. Similar reactions were observed for both test plant species. It was found that it is possible to select such a dose of waste for release to the ground, which will stimulate plant development. So, there is a possibility of using the tested waste to produce material (substrate) for natural land reclamation. The natural use of industrial waste can substantially contribute to solving the problem of the negative impact of deposited waste on natural environment.

PL

Szybki rozwój technologiczny, który nastąpił w drugiej połowie XX wieku, doprowadził do powstania dużych ilości odpadów, które gromadzone były przez lata na składowiskach. Stałe odpady komunalne, odpady z przemysłu wydobywczego i metalurgicznego zdeponowane na składowiskach stanowią poważny problem środowiskowy, ale jednocześnie są także istotnym rezerwuarem surowców i cieszą się coraz większym zainteresowaniem. Pozyskanie surowców ze składowisk wymaga stosowania operacji technologicznych z zakresu górnictwa odkrywkowego, a także zastosowania procesów przeróbczych. W efekcie tych procesów otrzymywane są koncentraty metali, materiały budowlane lub paliwo. Niestety, w procesach tych mogą także powstawać odpady przeróbcze, które należy w odpowiedni sposób zagospodarować, tak, żeby zmniejszyć ich uciążliwość dla środowiska. W zależności od właściwości fizykochemicznych odpadów wydobywczychi przeróbczych, można je stosować, np. w budownictwie, drogownictwie, górnictwie lub rekultywacji gruntów. W pracy przedstawione zostały wyniki badań związanych z oceną możliwości przyrodniczego wykorzystania odpadów poflotacyjnych z rud cynku i ołowiu, zdeponowanych na starych składowiskach, po poddaniu ich przeróbce w celu odzysku z nich metali. Zbadano właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne odpadów, takie jak: skład ziarnowy, skład chemiczny w tym zawartość izotopów promieniotwórczych oraz wymywalność. W celu określenia ekotoksyczności badanych odpadów przeprowadzono doświadczenia wegetacyjne, które pozwoliły na ocenę wpływu badanych odpadów na wybrane gatunki roślin testowych. Badano między innymi wpływ odpadów na takie procesy fizjologiczne jak kiełkowanie nasion oraz wzrost roślin (korzeni i części nadziemnych). Wyniki przeprowadzonych doświadczeń wykazały, że pomimo stosunkowo wysokich poziomów stężenia metali w odpadach oraz wysokiej wymywalności jonów siarczanowych, niewielki dodatek odpadów do podłoża, na którym uprawiane były rośliny, miał korzystny wpływ na kiełkowanie roślin i przyrost ich biomasy. Stwierdzono, między innymi, że dodatek do podłoża odpadów w ilości 10-30% stymulował kiełkowanie roślin w porównaniu z obiektami kontrolnymi. W przypadku większej zawartości odpadów zaobserwowano zahamowanie kiełkowania. Podobne reakcje obserwowano w przypadku obu gatunków roślin testowych. Stwierdzono, że możliwe, jest dobranie takiej dawki odpadów w podłożu, która nie spowoduje wprowadzenia do gleby nadmiernych ilości zanieczyszczeń, natomiast korzystnie wpłynie na rozwój roślin. Istnieje więc możliwość wykorzystania badanych odpadów do produkcji materiału (podłoża) do naturalnej rekultywacji gruntów. Naturalne wykorzystanie odpadów przemysłowych może znacząco przyczynić się do rozwiązania problemu negatywnego wpływu składowanych odpadów przemysłowych, po przeróbce rud metali, na środowisko.

18

Ocena fitotoksyczności gleb zanieczyszczonych substancjami ropopochodnymi

Kamiński Arkadiusz, Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

T. 98, nr 6

857--862

PL

Dokonano oceny fitotoksyczności gleb w różnym stopniu zanieczyszczonych związkami ropopochodnymi, z użyciem dwóch gatunków roślin. Oznaczono zawartość węglowodorów aromatycznych, sumy węglowodorów C₆-C₁₂ i C₁₂-C₃₅ oraz WWA oraz wykonano testy PhytotoxkitTM. Stwierdzono, że testy fitotoksyczności mogą być stosowane do sygnalizowania problemu zagrożenia na badanym terenie, jednocześnie stanowiąc element przydatny do wykonania szybkiej oceny zagrożenia gleb. Stwierdzono również, że w celu określenia ryzyka środowiskowego testy fitotoksyczności zawsze powinny być uzupełniane o analizę zawartości i rodzaju zanieczyszczenia, a także podstawowych właściwości danej matrycy, w której ono występuje.

EN

C₆-C₁₂ and C₁₂-C₃₅ hydrocarbon fractions and arom. hydrocarbons were extd. from 8 soil samples with MeOH, hexane and CH₂Cl₂, resp. Then exts. were analyzed by gas chromatog. coupled to a mass spectrometer. The obtained values were compared with the max. values set in the national legislation. In addn., the relative changes in seeds germination capacities of selected plants (sorghum and cress) and relative changes in the length of stems and roots of these plants, grown on the tested soil samples were compared to these plants cultivated on soils without contamination. Cultivations on soils with a high content of hydrocarbons revealed limitations of the growth of the sorghum roots length to 19% and of the cress roots length as well as its stems up to 25%. Changes in a seed germination capacities of selected plants in soil depending on hydrocarbon pollutions were not obsd.

19

Ocena fitotoksyczności gleb zanieczyszczonych metalami

Wiśniewska Magdalena, Kamiński Arkadiusz, Pusz Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

T. 98, nr 6

852--856

PL

Oceniono fitotoksyczność gleb w różnym stopniu zanieczyszczonych metalami, stosując cztery gatunki roślin. Oznaczono całkowite zawartości metali w glebach pochodzących z terenów przemysłowych oraz wykonano testy PhytotoxkitTM. Testy fitotoksyczności nie określają rodzaju ani poziomu zanieczyszczenia gleby, są jednak przydatne do wykonania szybkiej oceny, czy badane gleby stanowią zagrożenie dla stanu środowiska.

EN

Sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum L.), garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were used as test plants to study the contamination of 4 soil samples from industrial areas. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni total concns. were detd. PhytotoxkitTM test was used to study phytotoxicity of the soils.

20

Phytotoxicity of Contaminated Sand Containing Crude Oil Sludge on Ludwigia octovalvis

Alanbary Saja Radhi Nayyef, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdul Wahab, Abu Hassan Hassimi, Anuar Nurina, Othman Ahmad Razi, Suja Fatihah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 11

246--255

EN

This present research work was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effects on tropical native plants, Ludwigia octovalvis, in order to assess its application for phytoremediation of crude oil sludge in contaminated sand. For this purpose of study, L. octavalvis plants were planted in containers containing different proportion of spiked real crude oil sludge in sand (10%, 50%, and 100% (v/v)). Degradation of crude oil sludge by L. octovalvis was measured in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and was compared with TPH degradation inside control crates without plants. The findings indicated that the average TPH removal after a prolonged 42-day exposure period was high. The degrees of TPH degradation were 67.0, 42.4 and 46.2% in sand spiked with real crude oil sludge at 10, 50 and 100% respectively, whereas the degradation was only 34.7, 29.1 and 20.5% for the unplanted containers at the same respective proportions of crude oil sludge in sand. These findings give evidence that L. octovalvis has the capability to degrade hydrocarbons in crude oil sludge.