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Spectral Analysis Method for Distinguishing Heavy Metals Pollution in the Pioneer Vegetation of Landfills Located within the Prikarpatian Geobotanical District of Ukraine

Korol Kateryna А., Popovych Vasyl V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

29--37

EN

In Ukraine, the tourism and recreation industry is widespread. These are mostly resort complexes with health boarding houses, hotels and restaurants. However, in Ukraine, the issue of solid household waste processing and active landfills, located near recreation facilities, is practically not addressed. Undoubtedly, this situation has a negative effect on the processes of recovery, because, as is known, landfills are depositing dangerous substances and compounds, which, due to geochemical flows, get into all components of the environment, which seem to be clean. The aim of this investigation is to determine the heavy metals content in the vegetation of a landfill near a places for recreation. The object of present research is the analysis of heavy metals content in the roots of trees on the Bronytsya landfill, located within the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region of Ukraine. It was established that tree roots are contaminated with Pb components and partially with Cd and Co components. Among the toxic chemicals, we can highlight the presence of Pb with a significant difference on the eastern side of the landfill in samples of Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (7.1 times higher than the MAC), on the southern side – Fagus sylvatica L (1.1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (7 times higher than the MAC), on the west side – Salix cinerea L. (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Carpinus betulus L. (6 times higher than the MAC), on the northern side of the landfill – Malus sylvestris Mill (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Prunus spinosa L. (3 times higher than the MAC) and in the central part – Populus nigra L. (1.5 times higher than the MAC) and Salix alba L. (2 times higher than the MAC) in accordance with other samples on the investigated object. Cd exceeds the allowable concentration from the south side in Fagus sylvatica L. (1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), from the west side in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the center of the Salix alba L. (8 times higher than the MAC), from the south side of Malus sylvestris Mill. (11 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (8 times higher than the MAC). The content of Co was higher in the roots of trees from the west side of Salix cinerea L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the west side of Carpinus betulus L. (1.7 times higher than the MAC), from the south side – Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side – Populus nigra L. (2 times higher than the MAC). An excess of Cu content was recorded on the western side of the landfill in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC). The determination of the chemical content in the roots of trees is important because it is possible to define the pollution rate of the environment in the health resort regions.

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Chemical Content of Landfill Neoreliefs in the Territory of the Subcarpathia Forestry District of Ukraine

Korol Kateryna, Popovych Vasyl, Pinder Volodymyr, Shyplat Taras, Bosak Pavlo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

233--253

EN

The tourism industry is concentrated within the boundaries of the Subcarpathia Forestry District of Ukraine. These are mostly resort complexes with recreation houses, hotels and restaurants. Since the issue of solid household waste processing has not been resolved in Ukraine, landfills are emerging near recreation facilities. Undoubtedly, such a situation contradicts the improvement processes, because landfills are objects of detonation of dangerous substances and compounds infiltrating into all components of the environment due to geochemical flows. The object of the conducted research was determination of chemical elements in the newly formed substrates on the surface of the following landfills, i.e. Bronytskyi, Stryiskyi, Boryslavskyi, which are located not far from the border with Poland within the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region of Ukraine, geographically belonging to the Subcarpathia Forestry District of Ukraine. It was established that the chemical elements of the toxic group and biogenic elements accumulate. The traces of individual elements were also determined. The Bronytskyi landfill is the most polluted with the following chemical elements: Pb (3.56–4.06 mg/kg), Zn (2.84–3.67 mg/kg), Gd (0.021–0.033 mg/kg), P (457.3–609.7 mg/kg), K (9.7–14.6 mg/kg), Ca (174.7–237.7 mg/kg), Ga (3.58–5,98 mg/kg), La (1.09–1.24 mg/kg), Y (0.013–0.014 mg/kg), Cd (0.15–0.176 mg/kg), Sn (0.013–0.018 mg/kg), Nd (0.029–0.046 mg/kg), Eu (0.022–0.036 mg/kg) and Th (0.05–0.078 mg/kg). The site of the Boryslav landfill is most polluted in the western side - Fe (16.06–19.72 mg/kg), Cu (0.37–0.43 mg/kg), Gd (0.003 mg/kg), Si (43–58.2 mg/kg), P (782.4–995.5 mg/kg), Ca (88.6–104.7 mg/kg), Mn (1.7–2.7 mg/kg), Sc (0.009 mg/kg), Cr (1.069–1.255 mg/kg), Y (0.015–0.016 mg/kg), Nd (0.016–0.018 mg/kg). In the eastern side of the Stryi landfill the presence of the following elements is most evident - Fe (18.98–27.97 mg/kg), Ni (0.09–0.21 mg/kg), Zn (0.14–0.19 mg/kg), Pb (0.05–0.1 mg/kg), Al (1.6–2.0 mg/kg), P (718.1–652.5 mg/kg), Mn (2.5–3.5 mg/kg), Ga (0.01 mg/kg), La (0.02–0.04 mg/kg), Cr (0.009–0.013 mg/kg), Ge (0.214–0.551 mg/ kg), Cd (0.014–0.02 mg/kg), Nd (0.017–0.037 mg/kg), Th (0.009–0.016 mg/kg). Such a detailed chemical analysis for the presented research objects was carried out for the first time. Determining of the chemical content of the newly formed substrate is important from the point of view of environmental protection solutions implementation.

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Bioproduction Phytomelioration of the Salted Soils in Rice Field Systems in the Aral Sea Region of Kazakhstan

Zhumadilova Zhanar Shadibekovna, Tautenov Ibadulla Aigalievich, Abdieva Karlygash Mamytbekovna, Shorabaev Yerik Zharylkasynovich, Sadanov Amankeldy Kurbanovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

98--102

EN

Rice is the main crop in the irrigated agriculture zone of the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan. The rice culture is hygrophytic and requires a large amount of irrigation water as well as a washing irrigation regime, which contributes to the leaching of salts from rice paddies. In the rice crop rotation, an active process of salt accumulation in the soil occurs after the rice stage. This happens because of the secondary soil salinization. The aim of the research was to study the salt tolerance and soil desalting properties of the new varieties of melilot during cultivation in the rice crop rotation in the irrigated area of the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan. The research conducted in the Research and Development Center for the Microbiology and Virology showed that the cultivation of the “Arkas” variety of white melilot and the “Saraichik” variety of dentated melilot on saline soils in the rice crop rotation in the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan leads to the soil desalination. According to the results of the research, the content of salt solid residue in the arable layer (0–30 cm) was lower under the “Saraichik” variety of dentated melilot than under the “Arkas” variety of white melilot. The level of groundwater rises and the process of salinization intensifies during the cultivation of crops. The transition from subsaline soils to the soils with a high degree of salinization occurs. The rates of development and growth are slow during the first year in melilot varieties; however, despite the low indicator values, the harvest results in a single mowing were high (229–309 kg/ha of herbage and 57.2–74.3 c/ha of hay). The “Saraichik” variety has large leaves, branching stems and high foliage. The “Saraichik” dentated melilot has a beneficial feature. This variety is able to use groundwater with high salt content more efficiently for its growth and development. It should be noted that the melilot yield of the first year was harvested in the region without irrigation, and it grew using the moisture reserve accumulated in the soil during the previous year from the watering of the previous culture, i.e. rice. Therefore, the results of the study demonstrated that “Arkas” white melilot and “Saraichik” dentated melilot are promising cultures that can be introduced into the rice crop rotation in the areas with saline soils in rice field systems of the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan.

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The Concept of Phytomelioration of Open Agricultural Landscape on Example of Wola Idzikowska Village

Przegon W., Rybicki R., Obroślak R., Gabryszuk J., Król Ż.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

163--168

EN

The paper presents the project of land protection from erosion in Wola Idzikowska village. Because of the type of soils and topography, about 37% of the land is threatened by medium and strong water erosion. Due to the lack of windbreak barriers, 70% of the area is threatened by wind erosion. In Wola Idzikowska village in the years of 2004–2006 land consolidation was conducted. Anti-erosion protection systems were designed but never realized. The assessment of causes of this condition, as well as new system of anti-erosion phyto-control works have been done. Afforestation of about 4.1 hectares of land, mostly fallow lands and wastelands was designed. The possibility of introducing 7.60 kilometers of shelterbelts as a windbreak barriers was also shown.

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Fitomelioracja środowiska i krajobrazu niezbędnikiem cywilizacji

Siuta J

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2013

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Nr 34

53--61

PL

Obszary objęte zmianami antropogenicznymi charakteryzuje brak naturalnych ekosystemów i nie ma powrotu do ich pierwotnego stanu. Istnieje natomiast konieczność naturalizacji użytkowania środowiska, zwłaszcza na terenach zniekształconych – zdegradowanych i zagrożonych degradacją. Fitomelioracja krajobrazów antropogenicznie zmienionych może być skutecznie przeprowadzona wyłącznie na podstawie programów wynikających z wiedzy o potrzebach społecznoekonomicznych oraz warunkach przyrodniczych i możliwościach technicznych. Opracowanie takiego programu musi być koniecznie poprzedzone dogłębną analizą warunków naturalnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oceny stopnia degradacji i potencjalnych zagrożeń na danym obszarze. Zakłada się, że każda powierzchnia wolna od infrastruktury technicznej powinna oprócz funkcji ekonomicznych spełniać kilka funkcji ekologicznych. Rekultywacja terenów zdegradowanych przez przemysł, górnictwo, zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe i składowanie odpadów w kierunku leśnym - stanowi ważne zadanie, niestety realizowane w niezadowalającym stopniu.

EN

No natural ecosystems can be found within the areas subject to anthropogenic changes. Neither there is any return to primeval ecosystems. While there is a need to naturalise the way of using the environment, in particular that in the areas degraded or threatened by degradation. The phytomelioration of landscapes anthropogenically changed may be effectively carried out solely on the basis of programmes resulting from the knowledge on socio-economic needs and natural and technical conditions. The development of such a programme shall necessarily be preceded by an indepth analysis of natural conditions with special emphasis on evaluating the extent of degradation and potential threats within a given area. It is assumed that any surface free from technical build-up shall have some ecological function in addition to its economic functions. Forest reclamation of grounds which are either non-effective as agricultural land or degraded by mining industry, industrial pollutionsand waste disposal - constitutes an important task, regretfully implemented to an unsatisfying degree.