Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Effect of Oil Pollution of the Gray Soils on Revegetation in the South of Kazakhstan

Issayeva Akmaral, Mametova Akmaral, Baiduisenova Togzhan, Kossauova Akerke, Zhumakhanova Roza, Zhumadulayeva Alisa, Ashirbayeva Saltanat, Patashova Akerke

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

28--33

EN

To assess the level of soil contamination with oil and petroleum products, the criterion of the cenotic level as the nature of the phytocenosisformation was used. It was found that the bioindication reaction of vascular plants to oil pollution is the deterioration of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the native phytocenosis with possible self-recovery of the plant community at the threshold concentrations of petroleum products 6.0±0.3–8.0±0.5 l/m2. Light fractions of oil products cause complete destruction of the existing plant community, and the new community is formed at the expense of the soil stock of seeds and drift ruderal plant species. Dark fractions of petroleum products cause structural changes in the species composition of the existing phytocenosis. The most resistant to oil pollution of the soil are the representatives of the Poaceae family, and the representatives of the families Solanacee and Malvaceae are eliminated from the phytocenosis. For 8 years of research, the projective cover of soil with vegetation is reduced to 92.6±6.3–99.6±0.4%.

2

Changes in the Structure of Soil Microscopic Fungi in the Territories of Yavoriv and Podorozhenie Sulfur Quarries

Oliferchuk Viktorija, Kendzora Nataliia, Hotsii Nataliya, Shukel Igor, Olejniuk-Puchniak Oksana, Samarska Mariia, Nagurskyy Oleg, Vasiichuk Viktor

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

120-134

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the soil mycobiota of sulfur quarries in LvivRegion. The dynamics of soil micromycete complexes as a result of their adaptation to the conditions of technozems, embryozems and zonal soils of sulfur quarries was studied. The increase in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the studied soils of the Yavoriv and Podorozhnie sulfur quarries over the years is specified, which indicates the active processes of decomposition of plant remains, the formation of stable processes of decomposition of cellulose and other complex compounds in the detrital block of the ecosystem. The change in the frequency of banding of selected species of micromycetes over the years was studied, depending on the content of SO4-2 in the soil solution. The functional structure of soil micromycete communities after sulfur extraction was established. A decrease in the frequency of occurrence of pathogens and toxin-producing agents and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of species that actively participate in the transformation of organic remains, and also act as plant endophytes and participants in mycorrhizal symbiosis were recorded. The species composition of micromycetes that grew in the presence of SO4-2 content in the soil solution, which exceeded the background level from 3.6% to 50%, was determined, the species-bioindicators of soil pollution with sulfur compounds were defined - Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces lilacinum, P. waksmanii, P. nigricans, P. funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Humicola grisea, Ulocladium consortiale, Alternaria alternate, Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora. During 10 years of research a decrease in the content of SO4-2 in soils was noted, which is associated with an increase in the biodiversity of soil micromycetes and an enrichment of the phytocenotic cover.

3

Structural Characteristics of Rosa Iliensis Chrshan. under Conditions of the Floodplains of the Rivers Ili and Sharyn

Childibayeva Assel, Ametov Abibulla, Kurbatova Natalia Vladimirovna, Akhmetova Aigul, Tynybekov Bekzat Makulbayevich, Mukanova Gulzhanat Amangeldykyzy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

296--304

EN

The article provides brief geobotanical characteristics of plant communities of three populations of R. iliensis Chrshan. found in the floodplains of the Ili and Sharyn rivers, as well as presents the morpho-anatomical structure of vegetative organs (stem and leaf) of the species under study. R. iliensis Chrshan. is undoubtedly a rare, endangered species of the flora of Kazakhstan. Its distribution area is shrinking from year to year as a result of the anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The biometric indicators of vegetative organs in the samples collected from populations 1 and 2 were approximately the same. The indicators of the samples collected from population 3 differed substantially. This is a completely natural process, since there are substantial differences in the climatic conditions of the upper and lower parts of the basin where the Ili River flows: a sharp increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation from high to low hypsometric levels of the basin. Moreover, there is a gradual aridization of the territory from east to west. Naturally, this entails a change in both soil and vegetation cover as well as leaves its mark on the morpho-anatomical structure of vegetative organs. With this in mind, the authors recommend continuous monitoring of the state of the populations at the three sites where R. iliensis Chrshan. was found.

4

Efficiency of Vegetative Reclamation of Coal Spoil Heaps

Popovych Vasyl, Petlovanyi Mykhailo, Henyk Yaroslav, Popovych Nataliya, Bosak Pavlo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

172--177

EN

Coal spoil-heaps cause man-made pressure on the environment of the coal mining area. Coal mining, and in recent years the mass closure of mines, have been accompanied by a negative impact on natural objects and engineering structures; the basements of houses and buildings are flooded, walls and wooden fences rot, crops, trees and bushes are destroyed. Reclamation is carried out on spoil-heaps of coal mines to reduce the man-made pressure. However, in the process of rock dumping on the spoil-heaps, a neorelief begins to emerge causing the vegetation development. The emergence of vegetation groups is a positive phenomenon, as phytomass decomposition promotes the formation of humus. The development of vegetation on the surface of coal spoil-heaps is called vegetative reclamation or phytomelioration. The efficiency of vegetative reclamation is calculated in points and is an indicator of the suitability of a particular man-made object for natural overgrowth. The aim of the work was to establish the features of spatial arrangement of plants in populations on the surface of coal spoil-heaps. It was established that on the coal spoil-heaps, as well as under natural conditions, vegetation tends to aggregate, thus forming phytogenic fields. It should be noted that at different stages of successions, phytogenic fields are formed in different ways. A monocentric phytogenic field arises on the waste heaps during the syngenetic stage of succession. The initial endecogenetic stage of succession provides the formation of phytogenic fields of two types. The first type is the initial polycentric phytogenic field. It is characterized by the ability to combine several individuals of the same species. The second type is a mature polycentric phytogenic field. It is characterized by higher resistance, and plant community is already able to convert geoprocesses. The mature endoecogenic stage of succession is characterized by the development and expansion of tree species, and the phytogenic field is acentric and global. This kind of phytogenic fields is found on tailings with artificial vegetative reclamation.

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Distribution and ecological growth conditions of Utricularia australis R. Br. in Ukraine

Orlov Oleksandr O., Fedoniuk Tetiana P., Iakushenko Dmytro M., Danylyk Ivan M., Kish Roman Ya., Zymaroieva Anastasiia A., Khant Galyna А.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

32--47

EN

The study shows the biodiversity of Utricularia australis from western to northern regions of Ukraine. The environmental conditions of Ukraine are favourable for the spread and formation of phytocenosis involving U. australis, especially on thermoclimatic, cryothermal and continental scale. A broader range of the species’ relation to humidity has been recorded. The research outcome shows the existence of the species in conditions from shallow, parched reservoirs to deep water habitats which allows the species to withstand temporary drying of reservoirs in summer periods. The resilience of U. australis to some water quality parameters, including nitrogen, phosphorus, iron content, colour, pH and organic contamination was higher than in previous studies and Tsyganov’s ecological scales. Thus, due to its wide range of tolerance to the majority of environmental factors, U. australis tends to spread in contemporary climatic conditions in Ukraine. Considering that the species has category “vulnerable” in the country and is listed in the red data book of Ukraine, its conservation status is likely to be revised further.