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Assessment of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater in the Errachidia Region (SE, Morocco)

Azirar Maryam, Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, Abdaoui Abdellali, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

64--70

EN

This study aimed to assess groundwater quality in the Errachidia region, southeast Morocco, where a total of one hundred wells were periodically surveyed, and ten wells were selected for monthly monitoring based on their proximity to known surface pollution sources. Various physicochemical parameters were measured. Results outcomes encompass temperature fluctuations ranging from 21°C to 30°C, generally neutral pH levels, heightened electrical conductivity (900 to 2220 μS/cm), diminished dissolved oxygen levels (1.91 mg/L), and the presence of nitrates within prescribed thresholds for potable water. Nevertheless, one station exceeded the nitrate threshold (30 mg/L). Elevated sulfate ion concentrations were detected (764.6 mg/L), potentially originating from urban wastewater. Chloride levels fell within acceptable limits (67.45 to 245 mg/L), and calcium content displayed variability (89.6 to 208.6 mg/L), but remained below authorized values. Hierarchical clustering identified four distinctive well groups predicated on their physicochemical attributes, thereby underscoring the impact of pollution sources on water quality. The study indicated an improvement in the region’s grouwater quality, transitioning from poor to moderate, and in some instances, to good quality.

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Tafilalet Region of Southeastern Morocco Using Water Quality Index

Azirar Maryam, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, Zaki Hanane, Abdaoui Abdellali, El Yousfi Yassine, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

117--126

EN

This study evaluated the suitability of groundwater from primary basins in the Tafilalet area of southeast Morocco for drinking purposes. Water samples were collected from 100 wells, and physicochemical parameters, including temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, and organic and inorganic ion concentrations, were analyzed. The weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was used as an ecological indicator for quality evaluation in relation to Moroccan drinking water criteria. Ten locations were chosen for monthly inspection based on their proximity to the potential sources of pollution. The study found a considerable improvement in water quality over a 15-year period (2004–2019), with three sites classified as “Good quality” and seven as “Poor Water”. The analysis revealed that the pH values of all groundwater samples were within the acceptable range according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The chloride ion concentrations decreased significantly over time, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations increased. The hydrometric title of groundwater was very high in all study sites, with a significant proportion of alkaline earth metals present. The study suggests that the development of the sewerage network and supply and distribution of drinking water in the region has led to improved water quality. The study demonstrated changes in the physicochemical properties of groundwater in the Tafilalet region of Morocco over a 15-year period, with an overall improvement in water quality.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Urban Wastewater Effluent and its Impact on the Receiving Environment: Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Namoussi Soukaina, Kabriti Mohamed, Naamane Ayoub, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

183--193

EN

Oued Nfifikh is among the least studied Moroccan rivers. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to shed light on the quality of this undervalued stream. Its downstream part is affected by one of the most crucial environmental issues. It receives the discharges of wastewater evacuated precariously without prior treatment, which might lead to the degradation of the overall ecological status of this fluvial hydrosystem. This research work aimed to study the physicochemical water quality downstream the river Nfifikh through a monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters’ indicator of pollution, from August 2018 to July 2019. The results obtained show that the stream is exposed to high pollution which is mainly organic. Consequently, the wastewater represents a major cause of water quality degradation of this receiving environment: ecological and health impacts are therefore to be expected.

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Physicochemical Characterization of the Quality of Groundwater: Case Study of the Tebessa Plain (North-East Algeria)

Ghrieb Lassaad, Maoui Ammar, Boudjebieur Essia, Gueroui Yacine

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 3

18--36

EN

In order to characterize the physicochemical quality of groundwater, and to examine the behavior of factors influencing water chemism in the Tebessa Plain, which is part of a semi-arid region located in the northeast of Algeria, physicochemical analyses were carried out on 32 water samples from the Mio-Plio quaternary water table. In the east of the study region, in the Djebissa area, most of the Triassic formations form a depression made up of masses of gypsiferous clay, where some outcrops of Triassic dolomites appear together with several blocks of carbonate rocks, torn off during the Aptian-Albian age. In the center and to the west of the plain, carbonate formations are represented by a significant layer of limestone marl and marl from the Cretaceous to Tertiary periods. The results obtained showed that the quality of the water is influenced by the heterogeneity of the geological formations. The concentrations of chlorides, sulphates and sodium are high in the eastern part of the study area, which can be explained by the impact of gypsum formations, confirmed by the Sr2+/Ca2+ ratio being greater than 3 ‰ for the majority of samples. In the wells of the Tebessa and Ain Chabro areas, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates increase due to the predominance of carbonate formations of borders. The use of the statistical tool confirmed the evaporitic origin of the anions, especially in the east of the study region.

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Assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological groundwater quality in irrigated Triffa Plain, North-East of Morocco

Kadaoui Mohammed, Bouali Abderrahime, Arabi Mourad

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 42

100--109

EN

The physicochemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater was assessed to show the impact of the agriculture and human activities in the Triffa Plain located in North-East of Morocco. The current levels of contamination of the groundwater were estimated by analysing electrical conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, orthophosphate, and indicators of faecal pollution content. Water samples from 55 locations were collected during two period of time, the wet and the dry season of the year 2016. Result obtained indicated that most samples are highly contaminated. The electrical conductivity varied from 800 to 9 100 μS∙cm–1. Nitrate levels ranged from 25 to 216 mg∙dm–3, with 78% of samples exceeding the critical level value set at 50 mg∙dm–3. Nitrate concentrations are slightly higher during the wet period in 73% of studied cases. Nitrite rarely exceeded the normal rate fixed by World Health Organization and reached 0.90 mg∙dm–3. Ammonia and orthophosphate contents do not exceed these norms. The study revealed a wide contamination of groundwater by microbial agents such as, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci, with content ranged from 0 to 14 000, 0 to 5 000 and 0 to 5 000 CFU∙(100 cm3)–1 respectively, confirming the impact of septic tanks, wastewater discharge into rivers without treatment, and the use of animal waste on the ground water vulnerability. Samplings and measurements were carried out according to the international standard ISO 13395, ISO 11732 and ISO 15681-2 for chemical compounds and ISO 9308-1 and ISO 7899-2 for microbiological numerations.

PL

Przeprowadzono fizyczną, chemiczną i bakteriologiczną ocenę jakości wód gruntowych, aby wykazać wpływ rolnictwa i innych form działalności człowieka na Równinie Triffa w północnowschodnim Maroku. Poziom zanieczyszczeń oceniono przez analizę przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego, stężeń azotanów i azotynów, jonów amonowych, ortofosforanów oraz wskaźników zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia kałowego. Próbki wody pobrano z 55 stanowisk dwukrotnie – w czasie pory suchej i deszczowej w 2016 r. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że większość próbek wody była silnie zanieczyszczona. Przewodność elektrolityczna właściwa zmieniała się od 800 do 9 100 μS∙cm–1. Stężenie azotanów (V) wynosiło od 25 do 216 mg∙dm–3, a w 78% próbek stwierdzono stężenie większe niż wartość krytyczna równa 50 mg∙dm–3. Stężenie azotanów (III) były nieco większe w porze deszczowej w 73% badanych przypadków. Stężenie azotanów (III) rzadko przekraczało normy ustalone przez WHO, osiągając maksymalnie 0,90 mg∙dm–3. Stężenie jonów amonowych i ortofosforanów nie przekraczało wartości normatywnych. Badania wykazały silne skażenie wód podziemnych mikroorganizmami, co przejawiało się dużym zagęszczeniem całkowitym bakterii coli (0–14 000 jtk∙(100 cm3)–1), bakterii coli pochodzenia kałowego (0–5 000 jtk∙(100 cm3)–1) i kałowych streptokoków (0–5 000 jtk∙(100 cm3)–1). Wyniki te potwierdzają wpływ osadników gnilnych, dopływu nieoczyszczonych ścieków i stosowania nawozów naturalnych na jakość wód gruntowych.

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Monitoring of Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Taghazout Seawater (Southwest of Morocco): Impact of the New Tourist Resort "Taghazout Bay"

Lamine Imane, Alla Aicha Ait, Bourouache Mohamed, Moukrim Abdellatif

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

79--89

EN

The marine environment plays a major socio-economic role in the Agadir region (south-west Morocco). This area, which hosts important fishery resources, is currently not spared from the pollutants produced in the course of agricultural, domestic, industrial and tourist development. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Taghazout bay tourist resort on the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of the coastal waters of Taghazout. The seawater samples were collected between March 2016 and March 2018 at three sampling sites (S1, S2 and S3) in order to monitor the concentrations of fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS) and total germs (TG). The results of physicochemical parameters show seasonal fluctuations influenced by climatic factors. The spatio-temporal monitoring of the bacteriological parameters shows that the average total germ count is 127.05 CFU/100 ml, 39.61 CFU/100 ml for fecal coliforms and 15.21 CFU/100 ml for fecal streptococci. The values of FC80, FC95 and FS90 do not exceed the guide values of the Moroccan standards. This classifies the Taghazout beach in category A (good quality of bathing water). The monitoring analysis recorded by the Pearson correlation test between the environmental parameters and the level of fecal bacteria showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the FC concentrations and rainfall; the FS concentrations showed significant positive correlations with all the environmental parameters while the TG concentrations indicate no correlation with them. The fecal contamination parameters should be routinely monitored for improving the environmental conditions of coastal cities. This must be the case for the Taghazout coastline where a regular monitoring program must be established to evaluate the impact of the new tourist resort “Taghazout bay” on the environmental quality of this ecosystem.

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Woda deszczowa - alternatywne źródło zaopatrzenia w wodę w warunkach kryzysowych

Zdeb M., Pietrzyk A., Papciak D.

Instal

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2017

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nr 10

50--55

PL

Celem pracy była ocena jakości fizykochemicznej i mikrobiologicznej wód deszczowych zebranych na terenie miasta Rzeszowa w okresie wiosenno-letnim. Uzyskane wyniki badań porównano z wymaganiami Rozporządzenia Ministra Zdrowia w sprawie warunków jakim powinna odpowiadać woda wykorzystywana do picia i celów gospodarczych. Na tej podstawie dokonano analizy możliwości wykorzystania wód opadowych jako alternatywnego źródła zaopatrzenia w wodę w warunkach kryzysowych. Pomimo, iż powszechnie uważa się, że woda deszczowa jest stosunkowo czysta to uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują na to, że jej spożycie bez wcześniejszego uzdatnienia jest niebezpieczne dla potencjalnych konsumentów. Uzyskane wyniki badań świadczą o jej skażeniu mikrobiologicznym bakteriami Escherichia coli i paciorkowcami kałowymi. Przeprowadzony monitoring badawczy wykazał zbyt niski odczyn pH, przekroczenia wymagań normatywnych w zakresie mętności, utlenialności i zawartości jonu amonowego oraz śladowe ilości metali ciężkich tj. Zn, Fe, Ti, Mn, Sr Ba oraz Pb. Niewielka twardość, zbyt mała zasadowość i obecność agresywnego dwutlenku węgla potwierdzają właściwości korozyjne wód deszczowych. Pomimo tego wody deszczowe stanowią obiecującą alternatywę zasobów wodnych, a po ich uzdatnieniu mogą być również brane pod uwagę jako awaryjne źródło wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi w warunkach kryzysowych.

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of rainwater collected in the Rzeszów municipality during spring and summer. The obtained results were compared with the requirements of the Regulation of the Minister of Health on the conditions to be met by water used for drinking and economic purposes. On this basis, the possibility of using rainwater as an alternative source of water in crisis situations was analyzed. Although it is commonly believed that rainwater is relatively clean, the results of the study show that its consumption without prior treatment is dangerous to potential consumers. The results of the research show that it is contaminated with microbes with Escherichia coli bacteria and faecal streptococcus. The conducted monitoring showed too low pH, exceeded norms in terms of turbidity, oxidation and ammonium ion content and trace amounts of heavy metals ie Zn, Fe, Ti, Mn, Sr Ba and Pb. Small hardness, too little alkalinity, and the presence of aggressive carbon dioxide corroborate the corrosive properties of rainwater. Despite this, rainwater is a promising alternative to water resources and, once treated, can also be considered an emergency source of drinking water for emergencies.