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The Impact of Anthropopressure on Physicochemical State of the Korzkiewka Stream

Policht-Latawiec A., Kanownik W.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 5

199--208

EN

The aim of the paper was the identification and assessment of the area of anthropogenic impacts on water quality in the catchment of the Korzkiewka stream flowing through the areas of the Malopolska region. Analyses of physicochemical indices revealed that waters along the whole length of the stream qualified for below good status due to the exceeded EC and nitrate nitrogen concentrations. It was found that among 21 analyzed physicochemical indices, statistically significant differences occurred for 5: total dissolved solids, SO42-., Mg2+, K+ and water pH. In the headwaters section values of four salinity indices were significantly higher in relation to the other part of the stream. Assessment of anthropogenic factors affecting the catchment water resources conducted on the basis of unitary and percent indices revealed that the dominant category shaping the physicochemical status of the Korzkiewka stream water is municipal economy. The intensity of the influence of the factors from this category was from medium to very high, while in case of sewage discharged through the sewage network, even to outlier intensity. Forestry and agriculture exerted medium pressure, whereas the factors from the industry category had hardly any influence on water in the stream.

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Seasonal Variability of Physicochemical Parameters of Water Quality on Length of Uszwica River

Bogdał A., Kowalik T., Ostrowski K., Skowron P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

161--170

EN

The Uszwica river catchment is located in the central part of Lesser Poland province, within Brzeski and Bocheński districts. The river is 61.2 km long, and its catchment area is 322.5 km2. It is characterized by forest-agricultural land use and high share of residential areas of both compact (the city of Brzesko) and dispersed nature. In the abiotic terms, the Uszwica in its upper course may be classified as a flysch stream (type 12). From the moment of joining the Niedźwiedź, stream until its discharge into the Vistula at km 151+700 it is a sand and clay lowland river (type 19). Hydrochemical research were conducted in the years 2011 and 2012 at two measurement-control points – one located near the mouth of the river (point 1) and one located about 7.5 km downstream from the city of Brzesko (point 2). Each month 18 water quality parameters were determined and they underwent comparative and statistical analyses. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated for both measurement-control points. Then, they were used to determine the ecological potential of the river and to evaluate water quality parameters with respect to its suitability as fish habitat and eutrophication risk. Significance of differences between the values of individual parameters recorded at different measurement-control points was estimated using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for α = 0.05. The same test was used to determine the significance of differences between individual parameters for the winter and summer season at each point. Analysis of the results revealed that water flowing via developed areas (point 2) was significantly less saturated with oxygen and contained higher amounts of suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients, as compared to the section of the river flowing mainly through extensively used agricultural areas. Therefore, the ecological potential of the river was considered good in its lower course and poor upstream from point 2. Disturbances in seasonal concentrations of some biogenic factors indicated high degree of water pollution in the middle course of the Uszwica. However, due to intense self-purification, water quality in the lower course was similar to that in natural conditions. On the entire investigated section of the Uszwica does not meet water quality requirements for salmonids and cyprinids, but the habitats are more favorable near the mouth of the river. Waterassessed at point 2 may be classified as eutrophic due to high concentration of total phosphorus.

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Variability of physicochemical properties of water of the transboundary Poprad river

Policht-Latawiec A., Bogdał A., Kanownik W., Kowalik T., Ostrowski K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 1

100--109

EN

The results of five-year (2008–2012) hydrochemical research of the Poprad river, the right bank tributary to the Dunajec, were analyzed in the paper. The Poprad, 167 km long and with the catchment area of 2077.3 km2, flows for over 100 km through the territory of Slovakia, along the length of 31.1 km is a transboundary river, whereas its 31.0 km long reach is situated in Poland. Concerning its abiotic character, it is an eastern upland river of type 15. The research was conducted in three measurement-control points: 1) located in Leluchów on the Polish-Slovak border at 61.1 kilometer of the river course, 2) in Piwniczna-Zdrój – 23.9 km and 3) in Stary Sącz – 2.9 km before the Poprad outlet to the Dunajec. 21 physicochemical indices and 2 microbiological indicators were assessed in the water samples once a month using referential methods. The paper assesses changes of water quality classes and its usable values along the analyzed Poprad river reach. Moreover, statistical differences between the values of individual indices assessed in various measurement-control points were estimated by means of Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test. On the basis of the conducted analyses of the empirical data it was stated that due to the physicochemical indices, water quality along the whole length of the analyzed river reach was good (class II) – in points 1 and 3 it was determined by mean concentration of total suspended solids, whereas in point 2 COD-Mn values.

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Hydrochemical Conditions of the Łososina River Water Management in the Area of Tymbark

Policht-Latawiec A., Kanownik W.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 5

151--159

EN

Sustainable use of waters requires not only determining the amount, but primarily the quality of the available water resources and developing a long-term programme of their protection. The analysis of the Łososina river water in the area of Tymbark city was presented in the paper. The water was tested in a view of the requirements as the natural fish habitat and its potential use for people supply in potable water. The river water samples were taken in 2014 at randomly selected dates, once a month in 5 measurement points. 21 physicochemical indices were assessed in the samples. The assessment of the Łososina river water quality was made on the basis of the results of both: on site and laboratory testing, which were compared with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 23 October 2014. The utility values were assessed on the basis of the Regulations of the Minister of Environment of 27 November and 04 October 2014. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the Łososina river water met the requirements of quality class I water in points 1, 2 and 3. Below Tymbark the Łososina river water was polluted, so due to high BOD5 in points 4 and 5, and phosphate concentrations in point 4, it was classified as class II, i.e. good state. Pollution coefficients computed according to Burchard and Dubaniewicz classify the Łososina river water as clean along the whole investigated stretch. Below Tymbark city (points 4 and 5) the Łososina river water cannot be used for drinking water supply because of high BOD5 and iron concentrations. In the other points it could be used for water supply following appropriate physical and chemical treatment. The water does not meet the requirements for salmonid or cyprinid fish along the whole stretch because of high nitrite concentrations, except point 3, where the Łososina river water provided a proper natural habitat for carp.

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Jakość i walory użytkowe wody małej rzeki fliszowej

Policht-Latawiec A., Bogdał A., Kanownik W., Kowalik T., Ostrowski K., Gryboś P.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2014

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Tom 16, cz. 1

546--561

EN

An assessment of the quality and usable values of water from the Ropa river – a left bank tributary to the Wisłok was made in the paper. Its catchment is situated in the south-eastern part of the Malopolska region (Poland) in the Gorlice county. The analyses were conducted in two measurement-control points – point 1. located downstream of Gorlice town at the Ropa river kilometer 20.2, in Biecz and 2. upstream of Gorlice, at the river kilometer 40.5, in Szymbark. 41 river quality parameters were tested in 2009–2011 using reference methods. Water for majority of analyses was sampled once a month, except the specific synthetic and non-synthetic pollutants, priority substances and microbiological indices, whose values were assessed once in three months. On the basis of analysis of the obtained results it was demonstrated that water downstream of Gorlice was classified to the second class of ecological state, only due to BOD5. The other indices were within the first class. On the other hand, upstream of the town, water satisfied the requirements of I class purity. Chemical state of the analyzed waters was below good – among 10 priority indices only cadmium concentration in both points and mercury content in 2. did not meet the environmental quality standards. Water in point 1. cannot be used for water supply to people because of too numerous coliform and faecal coliform bacteria. On the other hand, water in point 2. was qualified to A3 category due to microbiological indices. Water along the analyzed section of the Ropa river did not meet the requirements for the natural habitat for the salmonid or cyprinid fish because of high nitrite concentrations. Basing on the analysis of results from conducted statistical testing, it was stated that the values of 16 out of 24 tested physicochemical indices significantly differed between the control- measurement points. For example, markedly higher values of BOD5, electrolytic conductivity, total soluble solids, sulphates, general hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were registered in water downstream of Gorlice, whereas pH values were lower. Obtained results confirm a negative effect of urbanized areas on the quality of running surface waters.

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Characteristics of selected physicochemical indices of upland carbonate stream water with coarse-grained substrate

Policht-Latawiec A., Kanownik W, Grubka K

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 15, nr 4

23--28

EN

Hydrochemical research was conducted in 2011 at three measurement-control points on the Sztoła river, a left-bank tributary to the Biała Przemsza river. Water temperature and pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation and electrolytic conductivity were measured directly in the field. 11 selected physicochemical indices of the Sztoła surface water were assessed in the laboratory. The analysis of the research results revealed that the water of the Sztoła along the analyzed river reach was first class quality. The analysis of water usable qualities proved that at point 1 it can be used for water supply after high-performance physical and chemical treatment, whereas at other points after a typical physical and chemical treatment, due to high manganese concentrations. Water does not meet the requirements of natural habitat for the Salmonoid fish only at point 1 because of exceeded standard values for nitrites. The Cyprinid fish have the proper habitat conditions along the examined river reach. Among 15 analysed physiochemical indices of water, 7 were statistically higher in the lower course, but they did not affect worsening of the Sztoła river water quality. Greater water pollution in the central and lower river reach is caused by the anthropogenic pressure connected mainly with the operations of extraction industry in the catchment.

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Zmiany wartości i stężeń fizykochemicznych wskaźników jakościowych wód rzeki Prądnik-Białucha (Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska)

Bogdał A., Kanownik W., Wiśnios M.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2012

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Nr 8

358-361

PL

Celem pracy było ustalenie zmian jakości i walorów użytkowych oraz wyznaczenie stref zanieczyszczenia i samooczyszczania wód na długości rzeki Prądnik-Białucha. Badana rzeka o zlewni położonej w sąsiedztwie Krakowa na Wyżynie Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, przepływa przez tereny typowo rolnicze, prawnie chronione oraz z osadnictwem rozproszonym i z zabudową podmiejską i miejską. W 15 punktach pomiarowych prowadzono jesienią 2011 r. badania hydrochemiczne, które polegały na oznaczaniu metodami referencyjnymi 23 wskaźników fizykochemicznych. Na podstawie analizy danych stwierdzono, że w górnym odcinku rzeki wody źródlane wzbogacały się lub zubażały w składniki mineralne. W środkowej części, na terenie Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego i jego otuliny, zachodziły procesy samooczyszczania poprawiające jakość wody, co miało związek z mniejszą antropopresją i większą lesistością tego obszaru. W dolnym odcinku rzeki, tereny o zwartej zabudowie podmiejskiej i miejskiej powodowały intensywne zanieczyszczanie wód. Stan ekologiczny wód ze względu na duże stężenia azotu azotanowego na całej długości rzeki był poniżej dobrego. Wody te nadawały się do spożycia, ale na różnych odcinkach rzeki wymagały różnych procesów uzdatniania, dostosowanych do wód kategorii Al, A2 i A3. Badane wody rzeczne ze względu na duże stężenia azotynów nie stwarzały, za wyjątkiem krótkiego źródłowego odcinka, dogodnych warunków do życia ryb. Zagrożenie wód eutrofizacją występowało na całej długości rzeki ze względu na duże stężenia azotanów i azotu azotanowego.

EN

The aim of the paper was establishing changes of quality and utility values, and determining the zones of pollution and self-purification of waters along the length of the Prądnik-Białucha river. The analyzed river, with a catchment situated on the Krakowsko-Częstochowska Upland in the vicinity of Krakow, flows through typically agricultural and legally protected areas, with dispersed settlements and suburban and urban built-up areas. Hydrochemical research, involving assessment, using reference methods of 23 physicochemical indices, was conducted in 15 measurement points. On the basis of the data analysis it was stated that in the headstream spring waters were either enriched or impoverished in minerals. In the middle river, i.e. the area of the Ojców National Park and its protection zone, self-purification processes improving water quality were occurring, which was connected with smaller anthropopressure and greater woodiness of the area. In the lower river, compactly built-up suburban and urban areas caused intense water pollution. Due to high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ecological state along the whole river length was less than good. This water was unfit for human consumption, however along various river stretches required different treatment processes adjusted to categories A1, A2 or A3 waters. Because of high nitrite concentrations, the analysed waters did not provide convenient living conditions for fish, except for a short riverheads section. Water euthropication hazard occurred along the whole river length due to high concentrations of nitrates and nitrate nitrogen.