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Phytoplankton Dynamics and Its Relation to Physicochemical Parameters in the Dry Season of Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Komala Puti Sri, Silvia Shinta, Windi Sherina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

218--231

EN

Physicochemical parameters play a significant role in determining phytoplankton structure and dynamics in the lake. The present study investigated the phytoplankton dynamics and their correlation with physicochemical parameters in the dry season of Maninjau Lake. The parameters measured, including temperature, transparency, pH, DO, TN, and TP concentrations, were collected from seven lake locations, i.e., in the middle of the lake, near domestic, hydropower, endemic fisheries, and aquaculture cage areas, and inlet-outlet rivers. Phytoplankton samples were collected from the middle of the lake, near domestic and aquaculture cage areas. TSI analysis shows that Maninjau Lake was hypereutrophic, with an average TSI of 101.15. The phytoplankton community comprises six classes and 22 species dominated by Microcystis aeroginosa and Synedra acus. Bacillariophyceae had the highest phytoplankton concentration, while Cyanophyceae had the highest density. The diversity and equity index of the phytoplankton community structure were low and less evenly distributed, confirming that the lake was hypereutrophic. The highest diversity index was found in the middle of the lake or the most profound part, while the lowest was near the domestic area. Among the physicochemical parameters, transparency has a strong correlation with dominant phytoplankton.

2

Hydrogeochemical Investigation and Groundwater Quality Assessment in Patancheruvu Area Sangareddy District, South India

Sukhesh Muramreddy Jugal, Akula Uday Kumar, Oggu Praveen, Mothe Sagarika, Korpe Sneha, Kunnoth Bella, Babu C. C. Suresh, Reddy Boreddy R., Venkatesh N.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

70-81

EN

The current research was conducted to assess the groundwater quality in the Patancheruvu area of Sangareddy District, South India. To analysis physicochemical parameters, 16 groundwater samples were collected for the month of May and November, 2020. The chemical analysis results show that the ground water nature in the study area is alkaline to basic and is classified very hard water. High TDS concentrations in the study area is due to various industries and anthropogenic activities. In both seasons, the order of major cations and major anions is in the following order: Na > Mg > Ca > K and Cl > SO4> HCO3> NO3> F respectively. The majority of the EC, TDS, Na, TH, Mg, Ca, Cl, HCO3, and SO4 samples exceeded the desirable limit, and some samples also exceeding the permissible limit. In both seasons, the dominant hydro chemical facies identified by the Chadha diagram were Na-K-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3. Water quality analysis said that most of the data in both seasons fell into poor to very poor category. The research tells that around Patancheruvu groundwater quality is poor, thisis attributed due to both anthropogenic factors and geogenic processes.

3

Contribution to the Treatment of Urban Wastewater in the City of Fez by Coagulation and Flocculation Using a Biodegradable Reagent

Elmansouri Ibtissame, Lahkimi Amal, Benaabou Mohamed, Chaouch Mehdi, Eloutassi Noureddine, Bekkari Hicham

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

77--85

EN

This study includes two parts; the first one, concerns evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the urban wastewater of the city of Fez, through a space-time dynamics. In turn, the second part deals with the contribution to the treatment of these effluents, by a new biodegradable reagent in the process of physicochemical treatment (coagulation flocculation). For this purpose, the sampling of urban wastewater was carried out 4 months (September, December, February and June 2019), at a rate of two samplings per period on 4 specific sites along the river Fez, the degree of contamination of which differs from one site to another, according to space and time. The diagnostic of these stations showed a high level of pollution that is difficult to biodegrade. Indeed, this pollution can cause negative effects not only on the environment but also on human’s health. In order to take long-term action against the low quality of water and to replace certain inorganic coagulants, alternative processes for water treatment using cactus powder were set up. The characterization of results showed that the urban effluent has a high load in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as concentrations of faecal coliforms, streptococci and staphylococci. In addition, the purifying power revealed that the removal rate of COD reaches maximum values of 38% and 58% forlimeand the mixture of lime with cactus powder, respectively.

4

Analysis of Surface Water Quality of Four Rivers in Jayapura Regency, Indonesia: CCME-WQI Approach

Tanjung Rosye Hefmi Rechnelty, Yonas Marcelino Novryanto, Suwito, Maury Hendra Kurniawan, Sarungu Yulius, Hamuna Baigo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

73--82

EN

In Indonesia, the river water quality has been determined based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021. This study aimed to determine the quality of surface water from the Damsari, Jabawi, Kleblow, and Komba Rivers in Jayapura Regency based on the monitoring data from 2016 to 2019. The CCME-WQI method is used to determine the status of rivers based on river water quality standards (class 1 to class 4). The results of the study showed that the parameters of water temperature, TDS, pH, NH3, NO3-, SO4-2, surfactant, oil/grease, Cr-(IV), Mn, Fe, Fecal Coliform, and Total Coliform were still in accordance with the quality standard. Meanwhile, TSS, COD, BOD, Total Phosphate, Hg, and Ni have exceeded the water quality standard, where the dominant pollutant source is an anthropogenic waste. On the basis of the WQI average value, the four rivers are not suitable as a source of drinking water (Poor-Marginal; 41.33 – 58.25). The Jabawi River can be used as a recreational facility, but it must be under special management (Fair; 69.75), while the other three rivers are not suitable (Marginal; 52.00 – 61.67). The Jabawi and Komba Rivers are in the Fair category (75.50 and 69.33) to support aquatic life, while the Damsari and Kleblow Rivers are in the Marginal category (59.00 and 61.25). The water quality of the four rivers is very good and suitable to be used as a water source for irrigation (Good category; 80.00 – 88.00). The strategies for controlling river water pollution and increasing the role of the government, stakeholders, and the community are needed.

5

Leachate Monitoring and an Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Tangier Landfill

Elmaghnougi Ikram, Tribak Abdelghani Afailal, Maatouk Mustapha

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

111--130

EN

Leachate from public landfill in the city of Tangier, which is neither collected nor treated, could constitute a probable source of pollution of the groundwater table and of those of the Mlalah and Khandak Bou Hajjar wadis in the east, and the Mghogha and Ghir Boudra wadis to the south. This work aims to analyze the level of contamination at Tangier’s municipal waste disposal. The leachate samples were collected and analyzed during the period from 2016 to 2019 and the physicochemical parameters (humidity, pH, organic matter, etc.) were determined on these samples as well as the contents of five heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, chrome and zinc). Analysis of the well water shows the presence of polluting elements in the leachate water and a high concentration of metals (especially iron) that exceeds standards. This makes the effluent extremely toxic and thus presents a permanent threat to the health of the local population and the surrounding environment.

6

Assessment of Water Quality Using Water Quality Index (WQI): Case Study of Bakoya Aquifer, Al Hoceima, Northern Morocco

Benaissa Chaimae, Bouhmadi Belkacem, Rossi Abdelhamid, El Hammoudani Yahya, Dimane Fouad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

31--44

EN

This work developed a groundwater quality index for the BAKOYA aquifer of the Al Hoceima city, Morocco, as well as the monitoring of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of major chemical elements in the water used as drinking water for a large population of the region. The samples were taken in the coastal aquifer Bakoya Al Hoceima. The waters of the Rif region are highly mineralized and marked by sodium chloride or sodium-sulfate facies related mainly to a process of marine intrusion and dissolution of evaporite minerals included in the site rocks. The results obtained with the WQI index showed that 12 samples are eligible for excellent quality, while 18 samples are not good enough for consumption as drinking water. The results show that the groundwater samples studied are characterized by medium to high salinity, exceeding 4000 μS/cm. This mineralization of marine beginning is somewhat because of the severe abuse of groundwater and avalanches, known in the region because of the earthquake, which accelerates the phenomenon of saltwater intrusion in the coastal karstic aquifer. The salinity of this water reaches salinization levels C3 and C4, as classified by the Wilcox diagram, and the waters of the Bakoya massif have been qualified as very hard. Examination of the hydrochemical results with the drinking water quality norms set by the World Health Organization shows that most of the water inspected is not suitable for utilization, mainly because of the high levels of EC, TDS, and linked to marine intrusion, as well as the urban pollution factor that increases the content in the water.

7

Wadi Bounamoussa’s waters quality in the north-east of Algeria: Statistical treatment of some physical and chemical parameters

Boussaha S., Laifa A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

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no. 34

77--83

EN

Nowadays, problems with wastes constitute a danger increasingly important for the recipient environments. Indeed, the water is affected in an increasing way by mineral and organic materials from which some ones are pathogenic and thus dangerous for the ecosystem. It is in this context that the present study took place, it relates to the surface waters pollution of the Wadi Bounamoussa in the Algeria northeast. The study concerns the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of waters such as: temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl–, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total absorbance colour (TAC), total hardness (TH), PO4 3–, total phosphorus (Ptot) along the wadi in one year long survey (October 2013 to July 2014). Waters were sampled at ten study sites with a quarterly sampling. In order to establish a relationship between various physical and chemical parameters and for a better assessment the anthropogenic effect on the Wadi Bounamoussa's water quality, we have processed a statistical treatment by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA has revealed two gradients. The first reflects the eutrophication caused by chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the intensive livestock farming development, while the second describes the resulting water mineralization of high rates of the Cl– and EC. Moreover, PCA has allowed discriminating the stations according to their physical and chemical data. This study has allowed us also to reveal the influence of seasonal variations.

PL

Odpady stwarzają obecnie rosnące zagrożenie dla środowisk, do których trafiają. Tak jest w przypadku wód w coraz większym stopniu zasilanych substancjami nieorganicznymi i materią organiczną, która może zawierać patogeny stanowiące zagrożenie środowiska. Realizowane w tym kontekście badania dotyczą zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych epizodycznej rzeki Bounamoussa w północnowschodniej Algierii. Badania obejmowały analizę fizycznych i chemicznych parametrów wód takich jak: temperatura (T), pH, przewodnictwo elektrolityczne (EC), stężenie jonów chlorkowych (Cl–), chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen (COD), zasadowość (TAC), całkowita twardość (TH), jonów fosforanowych (PO4 3–) i fosforu ogólnego (Ptot) mierzonych wzdłuż biegu rzeki od października 2013 do lipca 2014 r. Wody do analiz pobierano z dziesięciu stanowisk, co trzy miesiące. W celu ustalenia zależności pomiędzy różnymi parametrami fizycznymi i chemicznymi i lepszej oceny oddziaływań antropogenicznych na jakość wód rzeki przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną metodą głównych składowych (PCA). Analiza ta ujawniła dwa gradienty. Pierwszy odzwierciedla eutrofizację wywołaną dostawą nawozów z rolnictwa i intensywnego chowu zwierząt; drugi opisuje mineralizację wód, która przejawia się dużym stężeniem chlorków i dużym przewodnictwem. Analiza PCA pozwoliła ponadto wyodrębnić stanowiska według ich właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych. Wyniki badań umożliwiły także wykazanie sezonowej zmienności analizowanych parametrów.

8

Quality assessment of vegetable oil industry effluents in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Verla A. W., Verla E. N., Adowei P., Briggs A., Horsfall Jnr M.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 2

179-189

EN

Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.