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Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of the Oum Er Rbia Estuary (North Atlantic Moroccan Coast) – Impact of Urban Wastewater

Bengriche Rachida, Bouchafra El Mostafa, Chaouite Jamila, Nafia Mohammed, Moncef Mohammed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

1--16

EN

This study aimed to monitor abiotic factors at three stations in the Oum Er Rbia estuary, not far from the mouth. The stations were situated upstream (S1), in front (S2) and downstream (S3) from the discharge of urban wastewater from the town of Azemmour, which is discharged directly without treatment near the estuary mouth. The selection of these stations appeared appropriate to assessing the quality of the waters, which are influenced by both marine hydrodynamics resulting from very low freshwater inflows and sewage discharges. Monitoring of several parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, as well as the content of chlorophyll α and pheopigments, enabled the examination of the impact of marine hydrodynamics and the and the specific characteristics of the three surveyed stations. The analyses were performed using R software version 4.2.0. The results obtained indicate that the studied physico-chemical and biological parameters exhibited variations with significant correlations. Statistical approaches allowed the determination of profiles for stations S1, S2 and S3. It is evident that S1 (located slightly far from the discharge) showed a profile that tended to differ from the other two stations, S2 and S3, especially for certain parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity, and chlorophyll a). On the other hand, all stations were impacted to some extent by the discharge of wastewater during rising tides. The present study can serve as an assessment tool to support decision-making regarding the physico-chemical quality of the waters of the Oum Er Rbia estuary.

2

Evaluation of shallow groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes : A case study from Doornfontein area, South Africa

Moges Simeneh S., Dinka Megersa O.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

189--197

EN

The present study aims at evaluating the quality of shallow groundwater (SGW) and its suitability for irrigation purpose in the most urbanised part of Johannesburg city, South Africa. The SGW samples were collected in three consecutive years and analysed for 20 selected physicochemical parameters, and heavy metals. The results were compared with the South African water quality, and Food and Agricultural Organization irrigation water quality guidelines, and standard indices derived from laboratory outputs. The results of the study show that all physiochemical parameters and heavy metals were within the limits set by both guidelines for irrigation purposes, except for potassium (3.58 mg∙dm-3) and manganese levels (3.152 mg∙dm-3). The calculated irrigation parameter values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly’s ratio (KR) and permeability index (PI) were within the permissible range of irrigation water quality standards. The findings of this study provide helpful information for decision-makers such as utilisation of the studied groundwater for irrigation uses.

3

Impact of Waste on the Quality of Water Resources – Case Study of Taza City, Morocco

Abouabdallah Amina, El Hammoudani Yahya, Dimane Fouad, Haboubi Khadija, Rhayour Khadija, Benaissa Chaimae

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

170--182

EN

The ultimate purpose behind this study is to assess the quality of water surface of Oued Inaouen and its tributaries and some underground stations before and after discharge of the city of Taza. It addresses the leachate of the unauthorized landfill of Taza which is a source of nuisance that adds to the many problems of contamination of the surrounding environment if they are not treated before discharge. This survey explains how the landfill can affect the quality of water resources near the city of Taza, represented by the main tributaries of the watershed of Oued Inaouen by determining the main parameters indicators of pollution, and to study the possibilities of contamination of groundwater and surface water by infiltration or flow of leachate. Physico-chemical results show high concentrations of organic matter, the BOD5 /COD ratio indicating a biodegradable organic fraction. As far as mineral pollution is concerned, high contents of NH4+, NO3-, total phosphorus and Cl-, which explains the high conductivity values. Bacteriological analyses show significant quantities of coliforms and fecal streptococci. For the evaluation of the pollution of groundwater and surface water, the results obtained are translated by the presence of a significant contamination that differs from one point to another. To evaluate the pollution of groundwater and water surface, the results obtained are translated by the presence of a significant contamination that differs from one point to another.

4

Analysis of the Impact of Ferronicel Industrial Activity on Drenica River Quality

Abazi Albona Shala, Gashi Barie, Spahiu Mimoza Hyseni, Bytyçi Pajtim, Dreshaj Adem

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

312--322

EN

Today, environmental water degradation all over the world comes about due to the growth of urban, industrial and agricultural activities. As a result of these discharges without any prior treatment, the quality of river waters in Kosovo has deteriorated greatly. On the basis of the research that has been done so far in the rivers of Kosovo, it was shown that Drenica is one of the rivers that are constantly exposed to the discharge of industrial waters. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of water discharged from Feronikeli on the water quality of the Drenica River and the possibility of its protection. The realization of this study is focused on the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of the water of the Drenica River, the content of heavy metals in the water, the analysis and comparison of the results obtained using the standard for the assessment of the ecological status of surface waters of Romania (GD 161). Laboratory assays were developed according to standard analysis methods (APHA). The results obtained, analyzed and compared with the values of the parameters according to the standard referred to in this research, confirm that the water of the Drenica River belongs to the class of water with “good quality” only in the source area, while in other flow stations river, especially in the third station S3 (Ferronikel industrial zone), water has “poor quality”, passing into the category of “very poor quality”. Therefore, in order to improve the current situation, it is recommended to apply the best environmental practices and proper management of industrial waste.

5

Monitoring of Water Flow in the Springs of the Golesh Massif, Kosovo

Çadraku Hazir S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

109--123

EN

Water spring are vital to all human activities. The integration of hydrological, geological, hydrogeological and ecological characteristics of resource ecosystems provides a much needed tool for recognizing the characteristics and their distribution. The objective of this study was to identify springs in the study area, in order to evaluate their hydrogeological characteristics and parameters. Eight springs have been identified in the Golesh Massif area. They are mainly of lithological contact. Water flow ranging from 0.03 to 5 l/s, the temperature, pH and total hardness in the water of spring Curreli range within 11.1 to 15.7 °C, 5.51 to 8.03 °C and 18.8 to 21.67 °dH, respectively. Their recharge mainly depends on the amount of precipitations that falls in the area.

6

State Diagnosis of Macrozoobenthic Biodiversity in the Intertidal Zone of the Sandy Coast of Taghazout (Southwestern of Morocco)

Haddad Mohamed Ben, Lamine Imane, Moukrim Abdellatif, Bergayou Hafida, Abou Oualid Jaouad, Ait Alla Aicha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

126--137

EN

The present work is a part of the impact study of the tourist resort "Taghazout Bay" installation on the coast of Taghazout (North of the Agadir bay). The purpose of this study was to assess the initial state of the macrozoobenthic structure present in the intertidal sands at the three study stations over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The biological approach was accompanied by the study of some physico-chemical parameters of the seawater (temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) and the study of the sediment (grading structure, classification, and contents in organic matter). PCA analysis identified a perfect correlation between the physico-chemical parameters. The sediment contains three grading classes only (medium sand, fine sand, and very fine sand), very well classified with normal proportions of organic matter. The study of intertidal benthic macrofauna of the sandy substrate shows ten species and spatiotemporal variations with a clear dominance of the Donax trunculus bivalve species. The authors noticed – from the DIMO model – that the variation profile of the spring and summer (2016 and 2017) shows a community dynamics called "Diversity type". In winter and in autumn, they are known as the "Evenness type". The rank-frequency diagram explains that the benthic community of Taghazout sandy coast exists in the stage "Pioneer 1". The ascending hierarchical clustering gave three logical gatherings of seasons. The faunistic structure of this benthic community revealed the M>C>P shape. The authors also noticed that there is diversity in regimes in this ecosystem.

7

Assessment of the Actual Status of the Cikapundung River Waters in the Densely-Inhabited Slum Area, Bandung City

Rusdiyanto Edi, Sitorus Santun R. P., Noorachmat Bambang Pramudya, Sobandi Ramalis

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

198--208

EN

This research was intended to analyze the water quality of the Cikapundung River in Bandung City around the densely-inhabited slums and also to analyze the total number of bacteria coliform and Escherichia coli in the Cikapundung River, Bandung City. The research data was obtained by observing and performing a laboratory analysis through the assessment of environmental quality standard threshold based on the Government Regulation (PP) No. 82 of 2001. The results of laboratory analysis show that the actual condition of water quality of the Cikapundung River is overall classified as polluted, indicating 7 microbiological and physico-chemical parameters which have exceeded the quality standard such as: TSS, DO, BOD, COD, detergent/surfactant, total coliform, and Escherichia coli. In the upper part, there are 6 parameters below the quality standard, consisting of 4 physicochemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the middle part, there are 8 parameters below the quality standard consisting of 6 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the lower part, there are 6 parameters that exceeded the quality standard consisting of 4 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. The seasonal difference of parameters averagely has shown that the water quality in the rainy season is better than in the dry season. However, on average, the water sampling taken before flowing to the village has a better quality than past the village.

8

Wastewater reuse and mapping of irrigable soils: Case of Sidi Bel Abbes City, Algeria

Mahfoud Zakaria, Khaldi Abdelkader, Korichi Khaled

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 46

153--161

EN

This work aims to evaluate the treated wastewater from the activated sludge treatment plant in the City of Sidi Bel Abbes (North-Western Algeria) which is required for reuse in irrigation. The control of irrigated areas downstream is done based on a pedological study. Physico-chemical analysis such as (pH, BOD5, COD and SS) indicate results in Algerian and international standards required by the WHO. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Electrical Conductivity values of the treated wastewater belong to the C3-S1 class. The treated wastewater has a fairly good microbiological quality that meets Algerian standards. The helminth eggs are practically absent. The concentrations of heavy metals are much lower than the limits prescribed in the Algerian decrees. Therefore, the overall processing plant efficiency is satisfactory and has the characteristics of a good treated water quality for reuse in the field of irrigation while protecting the environment. The pedological study of the soil samples shows that the most dominant fraction is undeveloped calcimagnetic. The planned irrigation plain covers an area of about two thousand hectares. Depending on the crops to irrigate; the development and nature of the necessary or recommended improvements, the proposed irrigation perimeter could be classified into five categories in which only three categories are irrigable. Water projects have been proposed to ensure the irrigation of three subdivided sectors.

9

Ocena jakości wód powierzchniowych na terenie Łodzi

Krężel S., Wira K., Olejnik D.

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2018

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R. 63

85--94

PL

Wody powierzchniowe są czynnikiem krajobrazowym, rekreacyjnym, a także środowiskiem bytowania organizmów żywych i dlatego niezwykle ważne jest przeprowadzanie badań w celu określenia ich jakości i oceny wpływu oddziaływania na środowisko oraz życie człowieka. Na terenie Łodzi znajduje się wiele zbiorników pochodzenia naturalnego, jak i antropogenicznego o różnorodnym przeznaczeniu - od krajobrazowego, poprzez wędkarskie, aż po kąpieliskowe. Wody na terenie Łodzi charakteryzują się dużą zmiennością składu fizyko-chemicznego, jednakże pod względem jakości, najlepsze umiejscowione są w północnej i wschodniej części Łodzi.

EN

Surface waters are a landscaping and recreational factor, as well as an environment of living organisms, and therefore it is extremely important to carry out research in order to determine their quality and assess the impact on the environment and human life. There are many natural and anthropogenic reservoirs in Lodz for various purposes-from the landscape, through fishing, bathing. Water in Lodz are characterized by high variability of chemical and physical composition, however, in terms of the quality of the best are located in the northern and eastern parts of the city.

10

Badanie wybranych parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych wód ze studni głębinowych z terenu Łodzi

Olejnik D., Czubakowska P.

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2017

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R. 62

161--169

PL

Wody ze studni głębinowych cieszą się zwykle dużym zainteresowaniem okolicznych mieszkańców, pobierają oni wodę z tych ujęć przede wszystkim w celach konsumpcyjnych, twierdząc, że jest ona smaczniejsza i zdrowsza od dostępnej w kranach. Niestety wody podziemne mogą zawierać substancje mineralne i organiczne w stężeniach przekraczających wartości dopuszczalne dla wód do picia i na potrzeby gospodarcze. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że pobieranie wody z ujęć głębinowych przez mieszkańców Łodzi na cele konsumpcyjne jest uzasadnione. Należy pamiętać jednak o tym, że woda ze studni głębinowych nadaje się tylko do spożycia bezpośredniego gdyż w wyniku długotrwałego przechowywania istnieje ryzyko rozwoju organizmów mogących szkodzić zdrowiu.

EN

Water from deep wells is usually very attractive to local residents, and they collect water from these sources primarily for consumption purposes, claiming that it is tastier and healthier than available in taps. Unfortunately, ground water may contain mineral and organic substances in concentrations exceeding the limit values for drinking water and household use. The conducted research has shown that the collection of water from deep wells for consuming purposes is justified. However, it is important to remember that water from wells is only suitable for direct consumption since long-term storage can produce health hazards.

11

Jakość wód cieku Bogdanka

Janicka E., Kanclerz J., Borowiak K., Wiatrowska K., Lisiak M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

202--208

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości wody cieku Bogdanka oraz zbiorników przez które przepływa, w okresach wegetacyjnych lat 2011–2012. Próbki do analiz laboratoryjnych pobierane były w siedmiu punktach pomiarowo-kontrolnych i obejmowały oznaczenie wybranych elementów fizykochemicznych tj. O2, BZT5, ChZT, pH, przewodność w 20° C, N-NO3, N-NH4 i PO43-. Analiza otrzymanych wyników wykazała, że jakość wody w górnym biegu Bogdanki była lepsza niż w jej dolnym biegu – poniżej jeziora Rusałka oraz Stawu Sołackiego. Wielkość stężeń niektórych badanych wskaźników fizykochemicznych (ChZT, BZT5 i PO43-) przekraczały wartości graniczne klasy II i dlatego stan cieku określono jako poniżej dobrego.

EN

The paper concerns with water quality of Bogdanka Stream and its reservoirs, which flow trough it, during vegetation period of 2011–2012. The water samples for physico-chemical analysis were collected from seven control points and analyzed for: O2, BOD5, COD, pH, EC, N-NO3, N-NH4 and PO43-. Results obtained showed that water quality in the upper-course of Bogdanka was better than in the lower-course – bellow Rusałka and Staw Sołacki Lakes. Some parameters such as: COD, BOD5 and PO43- exceeded threshold values for second class and classified water as below good.

12

Olej pirolityczny i frakcje nafty otrzymane w wyniku pirolizy opon samochodowych jako źródła energii do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Ambrosewicz-Walacik M., Danielewicz T.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 3

952--957

PL

Celem pracy było porównanie parametrów fizyko-chemicznych oleju napędowego, oleju pirolitycznego ze zużytych opon samochodowych oraz 3 pirolitycznych frakcji nafty. Próbki scharakteryzowano pod względem lepkości kinematycznej w temp. 40°C, gęstości w temp. 15°C, liczby kwasowej, zawartości siarki, temperatury zapłonu oraz stabilności oksydacyjnej w temp. 110°C. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wywnioskowano, że olej pirolityczny oraz średnia i ciężka frakcja nafty mogłyby posłużyć jako komponenty mieszanek paliwowych, jednakże uprzednio powinny one zostać poddane procesom rafinacji.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare the physico-chemical parameters of diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil from used vehicle tires and 3 fractions of pyrolysis naphtha. The samples were characterized in terms of kinematic viscosity at 40°C, density at 15°C, acid number, sulfur content, ignition temperature and oxidation stability at 110°C. Based on the study it concluded that pyrolysis oil, and medium and heavy fraction of oil can be used as components in fuel blends.

13

Ocena jakości olejów napędowych wykorzystywanych do zasilania silników o ZS z wybranych olsztyńskich stacji paliw

Ambrosewicz-Walacik M., Piętak A.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 3

963--967

PL

Celem pracy była ocena parametrów fizyko-chemicznych 10 próbek olejów napędowych zakupionych na olsztyńskich stacjach paliw. Próbki scharakteryzowano pod względem zawartości wody, lepkości kinematycznej w temp. 40°C, gęstości w temp. 15°C, liczby kwasowej, zawartości siarki, temperatury zapłonu i zablokowania zimnego filtra, stabilności oksydacyjnej w temp. 110°C oraz zawartości zanieczyszczeń stałych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, że zakupione paliwa nie spełniły wymogu stabilności oksydacyjnej, której dopuszczalna wartość jest określona na poziomie powyżej 20 h. Pozostałe badane wyróżniki jakościowe były zgodne z wymaganiami norm.

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate physico-chemical parameters of 10 samples of diesel fuel purchased from Olsztyn stations. The samples were characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, density at 15°C, acid number, sulfur content, flash point and cold filter plugging point, oxidative stability at 110°C and solids content. Based on the analyzes it was shown that the fuel purchased did not meet the requirement oxidation stability, which limit value is set at a level above 20 hours. Other tested discriminants of quality were consistent with the requirements of the standards.

14

Assessment of water physico-chemical characteristics and statistical evaluation of Narmada Estuarine Region, Gujarat, India

Nirmal Kumar I. J., Basil G., Nirmal Kumar R., Sajish P. R., Shailendra V.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2012

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no. 16 [I-VI]

43-48

EN

Investigations on physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen), including dissolved nutrients (PO4-P, NO3-N, SiO4-Si) and chlorophyll-a were carried out in the water off the mouth of the Narmada estuary from July 2008 to June 2009. The multivariate statistics and principal component analysis applied to the datasets, indicated two factors during the whole study period influencing variability in the water to the extent of 72%. Principal axis factoring and alpha factoring have been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality. The results indicated the addition of phosphates and silicates to the coastal water by the Narmada estuary from natural sources during study period. The study indicated that the Narmada estuary adds sufficiently well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich water to the coastal region.

PL

Analizę parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych (temperatura, pH, zasolenie, tlen rozpuszczony), stężenia pierwiastków biogennych (PO4-P, NO3-N, SiO4-Si) i chlorofilu prowadzono w wodach estuarium Narmada od lipca 2008 do czerwca 2009. Statystyka wielowymiarowa i analiza głównych składowych, zastosowana do zbioru wyników, wskazała dwa czynniki, które w 72% odpowiadały za zmienność składu chemicznego wody w całym okresie badań. Do oceny jakości wody zastosowano analizę czynnikową celem określenia powiązań między parametrami i ich wzajemnych zależności. Wyniki pokazały, że w okresie badawczym estuarium Narmada dostarczało do wód przybrzeżnych fosforany i krzemiany pochodzące z naturalnych źródeł. Przeprowadzone badania dowodzą, że estuarium Narmada zasila strefę brzegową w dobrze natlenione i bogate w pierwiastki biogenne wody.

15

Use of the preliminary Jedlice Reservoir for water protection in the Turawa Reservoir on the Mała Panew River

Wiatkowski M., Czerniawska- Kusza I.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.1

83-91

EN

Physico-chemical variables of water quality and benthic community structure were assessed in order to evaluate the need for reinstating the use of the preliminary Jedlice Reservoir. The waters of the Mała Panew River carry a significant load of nutrient compounds, particularly nitrates and phosphates. Deteriorating water quality results in permanent algal blooms and changes in the macrofauna structure. It was confirmed that the use of a preliminary reservoir could contribute to the protection of the Turawa Dam Reservoir against pollutants transported by the waters of the Mała Panew River.

16

Ocena stopnia destrukcji betonu i żarobetonu żelbetowego komina cylindrycznego

Barycz S., Gawlicki M., Kocot W.

Inżynieria Środowiska / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie

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2000

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T. 5, z. 1

137-151

PL

Pogarszający się systematycznie od kilku lat stan techniczny, wzniesionego na początku lat siedemdziesiątych, żelbetowego komina wysokości H = 80 m wymagał dokonania oceny aktualnego stopnia jego bezpieczeństwa. Podstawę opracowania takiej oceny stanowiły wyniki przeprowadzonych badań cech fizykochemicznych i wytrzymałościowych betonu trzonu komina oraz żarobetonu jego wykładziny wewnętrznej. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki uzyskane ze szczegółowych badań stopnia destrukcji betonu i żarobetonu komina cylindrycznego. Pozwoliły one na przeprowadzenie sprawdzających obliczeń statyczno-wytrzymałościowych komina uwzględniających rzeczywiste cechy wytrzymałościowe betonu i żarobetonu oraz na dokonanie prognozy jego trwałości i wyboru sposobu remontu obiektu.

EN

The continuous downgrade of reinforced concrete chimney of heigh H = 80 m, erected in early 70-ties, forced the need of assessment of current safety state. This assessment was based upon the examination of physico-chemical parameters and strength both of chimney shaft concrete and heat-resisting concrete lining. In this work the data concerning the destruction of concrete and heat-resisting concrete samples, collected from cylindrical chimney are presented. These data were the basis for the statical and strength calculations, including the actual parameters of materials, to provide for its life expectancy and way of restoration works.

17

Analysis of long-term variations in physico-chemical parameters of seawater in the southern Baltic Sea; an approach to incomplete data series

Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Cyberski J.

Oceanologia

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1999

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No. 41 (4)

553-572

EN

Long-term trends in the variations of physical and chemical parameters characterising seawater were analysed by a method, originally used in climatology, allowing detection of optimal cycles of these variations in incomplete (intermittent) data time series. The method was used to analyse measurements of water temperature, salinity, density, oxygen saturation and nutrient concentrations (phosphate, nitrate and silicate) from station BMP L1 (P1) in the Gdansk Deep region obtained between 1979 and 1996. All parameters revealed a pattern of regular cycles, the spectrum of the cycles being dependent on the parameters and water layer. As regards reconstruction and forecasting in the deterministic-stochastic model, statistically significant correlation coefficients in the 0.57-0.97 range were obtained between the calculated and empirical data for all the parameters examined. The correlation was poorest in the case of silicate. Linear regression trends calculated in the deterministic-stochastic model were in relatively good agreement with those obtained using Hirsch's non-parametric test.