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ESIPT study in the higher excited states by fluorescent methods

Tomin V., Jaworski R.

Optica Applicata

2010

Vol. 40, nr 3

587--599

Photophysical and photochemical processes in organic molecules are directly related to the singlet electronic S1 state and studied usually without taking into account highest excited states. At the same time the role of high-lying singlet states is not reduced only to processes of intramolecular conversion, they can participate in different intra- and intermolecular processes. Here we consider analytically, in general, how the properties of dually fluorescing molecules are affected in the case where their second fluorescence band is formed as a result of excited state photoreaction and where fluorescence is excited in the range of the S 1 and S n electronic absorption bands. It is shown that, upon excitation of molecular objects via high-lying singlet states, the yield of reaction products can be increased in a number of cases. Then, if fluorescence of initial molecules and their photoproducts is detectable, the probabilities of reactions can be determined via high-lying singlet states. Presented experimental data demonstrate the role of high-lying singlet states of molecules from 3-hydroxyflavone family, in the excited state of which reactions of formation of tautomers as a result of internal proton transfer (ESIPT) can take place. This fact reveals a new opportunity for enlargement yield of photoreactions excited via the Sn states, and in some cases this may be explored practically.

Photoinduced-fluorescence (PIF) determination of fluoroquinolones in pharmaceuticals and urine

Espinoza-Mansilla A., Munoz de la Pena A., Gomez D. G., Canada-Canada F.

Chemia Analityczna

2007

Vol. 52, No. 4

619-633

Irradiation of fluoroquinolones for a few minutes using a high-power UV lamp drastically increased their fluorescence quantum yield. Photodegradation of particular fluoroquinolone depended on the irradiation time, solvent composition, and solution pH. The best signals were obtained when aqueous-ethanolic mixture (50/50, v/v) was used. Within only 5 min, enoxacin (ENO). norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), and enroffoxacin (ENRO) were converted into the fluorescent photoproducts, which were formed preferably from the protonated parent fluoroquinolones (pH = 6.5). Under the applied conditions, only ofloxacin (OFLO) was not affected by irradiation. Chromatographic studies indicated that for each fluoroquinolone, except for ENRO, only one photoproduct was obtained. pK values and luminescent properties of the photoproducts were established. The highest fluorescence intensity of the photoproducts was measured in acidic medium (pH = 4). The linear dependence between the intensity of fluorescent emission of the photoproducts and concentrations of fluoroquinolones was found. Limits of detection were 23,17.14,14, and 26 ng mL-1 for ENO, NOR, OFLO. CIPRO, and ENRO. respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the above drugs in pharmaceuticals. Moreover, ENO was determined in human urine.

Kilkuminutowe naświetlanie fluorochinolonów lampą UV o dużej mocy znacząco zwiększa ich wydajność kwantową fluorescencji. Fotodegradacja fluorochinonów zależy od czasu naświetlania, składu rozpuszczalnika i pH roztworu. Najkorzystniejsze sygnały otrzymano w roztworze wodno-etanolowym (50:50, v/v). W czasie 5 min enoksacyna (ENO). norflo-ksacyna (NOR), ciprofioksacyna (CIPRO) i enrofloksacyna (ENRO) są przekształcane w fluoryzujące produkty, powstające z protonowanych wyjściowych fluorochinolonów przy pH 6,5. W tych warunkach jedynie ofloksacyna (OFLO) nie ulega działaniu promieniowania. Badania chromatograficzne wykazały, że dla każdego fluorochinolonu, z wyjątkiem ENRO, powstaje tylko jeden fotoprodukt. Wyznaczono wartości pK i właściwości luminscencyjne fotoproduktów. Największą intensywność fluorescencji otrzymano w roztworze kwaśnym przy pH 4. Stwierdzono liniową zależność między natężeniem emisji fotoproduktów i stężeniem fluorochinonów. Granice wykrywalności wynoszą odpowiednio 23, 17, 14, 14 1 26 ngmL-1 dla END, NOR, OFLO, C1PRO i ENRO. Opracowaną metodę zastosowano2 powodzeniem do oznaczania leków w produktach farmaceutycznych i ludzkim moczu.