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Fizjologiczne reakcje zwierząt na penetrację turystyczną zajmowanej przez nie przestrzeni

Juszko S.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2016

nr 1

223--235

In many studies on tourism in the environmentally valuable areas the advantages for both human health and the budgets of local governments and its residents themselves are emphasized, as well as for increasing knowledge and awareness of tourists through personal contact with nature. However, while we admire the colorful folders, describing the charms of experiencing the nature and plan a similar trip, we should remember that our vacation, especially when spend in environmentally valuable areas require some kind of responsibility and discipline and can not be completely carefree. Since the beginning of the 90s the growth of various forms of tourism is observed in Poland, both: mass and individual. People are increasingly looking for personal contact with nature, to rest from a daily activities, to regenerate and regain health, to acquire knowledge but also to find a unique and sometimes strong experiences to boast with them in front of friends. For a human those things are undoubtedly something positive, but the presence of a human in a space inhabited by wild animals may cause negative reactions, because a man is a potent inducer of stress for the animals. We know about the destructive effects of stress on human health from the daily press or from TV, and it seems that it may have just the same effect on life of animals. Current research techniques allow us to study stress levels in the bodies of wild animals by non-invasively, by analyzing the concentration of glucocorticoids (ie. Stress hormone) in their feces. This method was used for both research on non-predatory influence of predators on the prey and the impact of human on the wild animals. Studies have confirmed that human is a strong stress factor for animals (stressor), which the animals are trying to avoid if possible. It was also stated that he higher levels of stress hormones in animals in places and time related with greater touristic penetration. The negative impact of long-lasting stressor is the greater when rarer species are treated exposed on it. That is why the organization and planning of tourism in environmentally valuable areas should also consider its impact on local animals populations.

Porhyrins for photodestruction or detection by MRI of fast growing cells

Valles M., Balbuena E., Berezin D., Bonnett R., Bosch A., ElMerouani A., Garabatos J., Gomez A., Kinchesh P., Koifman O., Melero S., Molina S., Perez V., Piasecki E., Salgado A., Sanchez J., Tovar N., Velasco D., Ziółkowski P., Symonowicz K.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

2005

Vol. 11, nr 3-4

78-87

Zdolność porfiryn do selektywnego kumulowania się w szybko rosnących komórkach ma dwa aspekty: niszczenie nowotworów (terapia fotodynamiczna, PDT) lub innych komórek w fotodynamicznej Inaktywacji wirusów, PDI, jak również wykrywanie tkanek tworzonych przez takie komórki, dzięki zjawisku fluorescencji lub magnetycznemu rezonansowi. Materiały i metody. Do badań wybraliśmy początkowo chlorofil "a". Następnie badaliśmy Inne fotouczulacze, które można podzielić na trzy grupy: porfiryny, chloryny i ftalocyjaniny. Wśród okopertowanych wirusów poddanych badaniom znalazły się: wirus pęcherzykowego zapalenia jamy ustnej (VSV), opryszczki zwykłej (HIV-1) i wirusowej biegunki bydlęcej (BVDV), zaś wśród nieokopertowanych - wirus zapalenia mózgu i mięśnia sercowego (EMCV). Wybraliśmy metodę MRI, ponieważ jest to obecnie jedna z najlepszych technik obrazowania in vivo. Wyniki. Żaden z fotouczulaczy nie był aktywny przeciwko EMCV. Z kolei aktywność przeciwko pozostałym wirusom może zależeć od natury badanego wirusa. Aktywność może być też zależna od rodzaju stosowanych podłoży. Spośród zbadanych związków chloryny, niektóre porfiryny były aktywniejsze niż ftalocyjaniny. Wnioski. Sądzimy, że porfiryny mogłyby być stosowane do fotodestrukcji i fotodetekcji szybko rosnących komórek.

The ability of porphyrins to accumulate selectively in fast growing cells has two sides, destruction of tumours (Photodynamic Therapy of cancer, PDT) or of other fast growing cells (e.g. Photodynamic Inactivation of viruses, PDI), and detection of tissues formed by fast growing cells (e.g. by fluorescence or by magnetic resonance Imaging). Materials and methods. We have chosen chlorophyll "a" as starting material because of its natural abundance and functionalities, especially the three carbonyl groups on the same side of the ring. The photosensltisers assayed for this aim belong to three categories (porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines). Among enveloped viruses, the ones selected for our studies have been vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As a model for non-enveloped viruses we have taken encepha-lomyocarditis virus (EMCV). We have chosen MRI because it is now one of the most powerful in vivo imaging techniques. Results. No photosensitiser has been found active against the non-enveloped virus EMCV. The activity against enveloped viruses may depend on the nature of the virus. Activity may depend on the administration vehicle. Among the photosensltisers assayed in this work chlorins and certain porphyrins are more active than phthalocyanines. Conclusions. We conclude that porphyrins could be applied for photodestruction and detection of fast growing cells.