Experimental activities carried out in laboratories usually produce complex wastewater. Due to practicum and research activities in educational laboratories, the wastewater generating from these laboratories contains organic and inorganic compounds which are dangerous for the environment if disposed of without prior treatment. Apart from high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) values, laboratory wastewater also often contains heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) which are included in the hazardous waste category and can pollute the ground water. Therefore, this wastewater must be treated properly. The objective of this study is to reduce the pollutant load contained in laboratory wastewater by using combination methods of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and chemical-physical treatment namely coagulation and adsorption processes. The photo-Fenton process was selected as one of AOPs applied in this treatment. The effect of molar ratio variation and irradiation time in the Photo-Fenton process on the pollution load in the form of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and heavy metals of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Fe was studied in this research. The results of the analysis of untreated laboratory wastewater samples showed that laboratory wastewater did not meet the wastewater quality standards regulated by the government of Republic of Indonesia. In this study, laboratory wastewater was treated using the pretreatment method of coagulation with alum and adsorption with activated carbon. The best results in this study were obtained in the final adsorption results after treatment with the photo-Fenton method using a molar ratio of 1: 300 for 60 minutes in which several parameters such as pH, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Fe had met environmental quality standards with the value of each parameter of 7; 0.01 mg/L; 2.9 mg/L; 0.03 mg/L; and 3.15 mg/L respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage reduction of COD, BOD, and TSS parameters was 87.49%, 87.02%, and 72.45% respectively.
Research activities carried out in the laboratory produce a complex wastewater which can damage the environmental system if it is directly disposed of without treatment. A laboratory wastewater treatment prototype was designed and constructed to process the wastewater based on the previous research. The prototype is needed in the laboratory to treat the wastewater before discharged into the environment, so it can meet the wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment aimed to reduce the pollutant level contained in laboratory wastewater. The objective of this study is to test the efficacy of the prototype. This test was conducted using a combination process of coagulation, adsorption, and photo-Fenton methods. The pollutant parameters were descripted in the form of pH, TSS, COD, BOD, heavy metals of Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, Chromium total, Lead, and Iron. The test of wastewater treatment prototype was carried out using the optimum conditions obtained in previous studies. The best results found from previous studies were attained at laboratory scale by means of ordinary glassware. The results of the initial analysis of laboratory wastewater sample showed that the laboratory wastewater did not meet the wastewater quality standards stipulated in the Minister of Environment regulations of the Republic of Indonesia No.5 of 2014 on Wastewater Quality Standards. In this study, the laboratory wastewater was treated by applied the pre-treatment method of coagulation and adsorption, using alum and activated carbon, separately. By using the wastewater treatment prototype, the removal percentage of COD, BOD, and TSS of 31.47%, 39.90%, and 90.24%, was reached, respectively. The heavy metals content was also reduced, with the removal percentage of Cadmium of 51.30%, Zinc of 33.51%, Copper of 38.43%, Chromium total of 32.61%, Lead of 61.64%, and Iron of 45.83%, were obtained.
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