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Assessment of Napropamide Dissipation and its Effect on Soil Enzymatic Activity

Onyszko M., Telesiński A., Płatkowski M., Stręk M., Śnioszek M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 6

64--70

EN

This paper assesses the dissipation of napropamide and its impact on the activity of dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease in sandy clay loam. The experiment was carried out on soil samples with organic carbon content of 12.08 g·kg-1, total nitrogen content of 0.97 g·kg-1, and pH 5.24 with the following variable factors: (a) dose of Devrinol 450 SC formation (containing 450 g of naprop-amide in dm3): 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16-fold hold of field dose; (b) day of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112. The half-life of napropamide ranged from 33.50 to 71.42 days. The use of napropamide at the dose recommended by the manufacturer and at the dose reduced by half appeared to exhibit low toxicity in relation to enzymes determined. In contrast, the application of elevated napropamide doses decreased the values of biochemical parameters of the soil in most cases. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed statistically significant negative correlation between the content of napropamide residues and the enzymatic activity of the soil.

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Enzymy w chemii analitycznej

Koncki R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2015

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[Z] 69, 9-10

653--670

EN

There are three main fields of modern analytical chemistry where enzymes are presented: (1) biorecognition, biosensing and biodetection schemes, especially important in case of biosensors, (2) enzymes as analytes, and (3) enzymes as markers in immune- and genoanalysis. These analytical fields could be illustrated by the research of bioanalytics group supervised by professor Stanisław Głąb.

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Enzymatic activity in soil contaminated with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide

Baćmaga M., Boros E., Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 1

91-102

EN

Aurora 40 WG is a new generation herbicide for controlling dicotyledonous weeds. Its effect on the biochemical properties of soil has not been investigated to date. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Soil samples with the granulometric composition of loamy sand and sandy clay loam were used in a pot experiment. The lowest herbicide dose was that recommended by the manufacturer, and the successive doses were 2-, 4- and 40-fold higher than the recommended dose. In selected treatments, soil was mixed with finely ground spring barley straw and basalt meal. The experiment was carried out for 50 days, in two series, in unsown soil and in soil sown with spring barley. Soil samples were analyzed on experimental day 25 and 50. The obtained results indicate that the Aurora 40 WG herbicide did not modify the enzymatic activity of soil. The biochemical activity of soil was largely determined by the date of analysis, the addition of barley straw and basalt meal, soil type and soil use. The investigated enzymes were marked by higher activity levels in sandy clay loam than in loamy sand. Barley sowing had a generally positive effect on the enzymatic activity of soil, excluding alkaline phosphatase whose activity was higher in unsown treatments. The addition of finely ground spring barley straw also enhanced the biochemical properties of soil, while no such effects were demonstrated by basalt meal.

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Effect of Diversified Fertilisation with Nitrogen on Changes in Phosphorus Content and Phosphatase Activity in Com (Zea mays L.)

Lemanowicz J., Koper J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 7

787-792

EN

The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of minerał nitrogen fertilization on the content of total phosphorus and organic compounds and the acidic and alkaline phosphatase activity in corn. Besides, the research involved monitoring of seasonal changes in the analyzed parameters in the dry matter of com. The soil on which the test plant was grown was tertilised with cattle FYM applied once every four years in potato growing: 20, 40 Mg o ha-1 - factor I, and varied minerał ammonium nitrate doses: (NO) - 0, (NI) -45, (N2) - 90, (N3) - 135 kg N o ha-1 - factor II. There was found a significant effect of minerał nitrogen fertilisation in a form of ammonium nitrate on the content of phosphorus in com. The highest significant content of total phosphorus and phosphorus of organic compounds was found in the biomass of com from N2 nitrogen treatments. The highest dose of nitrogen applied in the experiraent (N3) resulted in a significant decrease in the phosphorus fraction in com researched. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in corn ranged from 10.9 to 35.5 mM pNP o kg-1 o h-1, while the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase was higher and ranged from 29.5 to 130 mM pNP o kg-1 o h-1, irrespective of the com harvest date.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań byto określenie wpływu nawożenia azotem na zawartość fosforu ogółem i związków organicznych oraz aktywność fosfatazy kwaśnej i alkalicznej w kukurydzy. Ponadto w badaniach uwzględniono monitoring sezonowych zmian analizowanych parametrów w suchej masie kukurydzy. Gleba, na której uprawiano roślinę testową, nawożona była obornikiem bydlęcym stosowanym raz na cztery lata w uprawie ziemniaka: 20 i 40 Mg o ha-1 - I czynnik, oraz zróżnicowanymi dawkami saletry amonowej: (NO) - O, (NI) - 45, (N2) - 90, (N3) - 135 kg N o ha-1 - II czynnik. Stwierdzono duży wpływ nawożenia azotem w postaci saletry amonowej na zawartość fosforu w kukurydzy. Największą znaczną zawartość fosforu ogółem i fosforu związków organicznych stwierdzono w biomasie kukurydzy pobranej z obiektów nawożonych azotem mineralnym w dawce N2. Zastosowany w doświadczeniu azot w dawce (N3), spowodował istotne obniżenie badanych frakcji fosforu w kukurydzy. Aktywność fosfatazy alkalicznej w kukurydzy kształtowała się w zakresie 10,9-35,5 mM pNP o kg-1 o h-1, natomiast aktywność kwaśnej fosfumonoesterazy była wyższa i mieściła się w zakresie od 29,5-130 mM pNP o kg-1 niezależnie od terminu zbioru kukurydzy.

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Biodegradation of diesel fuel in soils modified with compost or bentonite and with optimized strains of bacteria. Part II. Changes in microorganisms counts and activity

Nowak A., Nowak J., Hawrot-Paw M., Telesiński A., Błaszak M., Kłódka D., Przybulewska K., Smolik B., Szymczak J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 7

607-622

EN

During diesel fuel biodegradation in the sandy and the clay soil, changes in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi counts were determined. These determinations included also the counts of specific microorganism groups, ie diesel fuel-resistant and diesel fuel-metabolising bacteria and amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic microorganisms. Also the activity of soil enzymes, ie of urease and acid and alkaline phosphatases, was determined. The obtained results point to the increase of bacteria and fungi counts accompanying diesel fuel biodegradation, with a decrease in the actinomycetes count. A notably large increase was stated for bacteria resistant to diesel fuel and for those capable of its biodegradation, in particular in the soil modified with compost additive. Also an increase in the count of amylolytic and proteolytic microorganisms was observed in soil microflora, but the largest one in that of lipolytic microorganisms. The activity of urease increased only in the clay soil modified with compost, whereas that of acid and alkaline phosphatases increased in the two examined soils, also more distinctly when compost was added. The application of bioaugmentation treatment induced stimulation of microorganism growth, in particular of those resistant to diesel fuel and those capable of its degradation.

PL

Podczas biodegradacji oleju napędowego w glebie lekkiej i ciężkiej określano zmiany liczebności bakterii, promieniowców i grzybów, jak również różnych grup drobnoustrojów: bakterii odpornych na olej napędowy, bakterii zdolnych do biodegradacji oleju napędowego oraz mikroorganizmów amylolitycznych, proteolitycznych i lipolitycznych. Określano także aktywność enzymów glebowych: ureazy oraz kwaśnych i zasadowych fosfataz. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na zwiększenie liczebności bakterii i grzybów podczas biodegradacji oleju napędowego, przy równoczesnym zmniejszeniu liczebności promieniowców. Nastąpiło również znaczne zwiększenie ilości bakterii odpornych na obecność oleju napędowego oraz zdolnych do jego biodegradacji, zwłaszcza w glebie modyfikowanej dodatkiem kompostu. Obserwowano także zwiększenie ilości mikroorganizmów amylolitycznych i proteolitycznych, a w jeszcze większym stopniu lipolitycznych. Aktywność ureazy zwiększała się jedynie w glebie ciężkiej modyfikowanej kompostem, podczas gdy aktywność kwaśnych i zasadowych fosfataz rosła w obydwu badanych glebach, również w większym stopniu po zastosowaniu kompostu. Zabieg bioaugumentacji stymulował wzrost mikroorganizmów, zwłaszcza odpornych na olej napędowy oraz zdolnych do jego biodegradacji.