Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of Growth and Development of Representatives under the Conditions of Chestnut Soils

Semenyutina Alexandra V., Melnik Kristina A., Semenyutina Victoria A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 1

19--24

EN

The growth and development of woody plants allow revealing the essence of their relationship with the environment. New conditions for growing plants primarily affect their growth and development, which is associated with the amount of heat and moisture. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of growth and development of Gleditsia under new cultivation conditions (chestnut soils of the Volgograd region). In the arid zone of Russia, a comparative analysis of the species of the Gleditsia genus: G. texana, G. cassis, G. triacanthos, growing in the cluster dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (cadastre. № 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10; cadastre no. 34: 36:0000:14:0178). The analysis of long-term phenological observations at various temperature parameters of the environment was carried out. The optimal temperature for the beginning of active growth of shoots and its intensity were revealed. It was established that under the conditions of arid climate of the Volgograd region, the species of the Gleditsia genus are characterized by a spring-summer period of shoot growth (from the first decade of May to the third decade of July). Apical shoots start to grow earlier and finish it later than the lateral ones. At the time of cessation of growth in all species, the tops of the shoots dry up together with 2–3 leaves. Then comes the process of lignification of young shoots, contributing to their resistance under winter conditions. When comparing the data on the development of shoots of different Gleditsia species, no clear differences were found. Gleditsia triacanthos has the longest growing season (195 days) compared with the rest of the studied species. During the growing season, all Gleditsia species go through a full cycle of development, which indicates the success of their introduction, proving that the Gleditsia genus is a stable plant in chestnut soils. Gleditsia has no special generative shoots. The period from the beginning of budding to flowering depends on weather conditions (an increase in temperature to 28 °C slows this process down). In hydrologically favorable years, at an average air temperature of 21.5 °C, continuous flowering of plants is observed). The obtained materials are necessary for selection for landscaping, assessment of aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic properties, development and implementation of measures to protect green spaces from pests and diseases. Phenological observations have a huge role for forest reclamation.

2

Phenology of the Alien Invasive Plant Species Prosopis juliflora in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in Response to Climate Variability and Some Perspectives for Its Control in Ethiopia

Shiferaw Wakshum, Bekele Tamrat, Demissew Sebsebe, Aynekulu Ermias

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 1

37--46

EN

This study aims to (i) evaluate the phenology of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis), (ii) investigate the effects of climate variability (temperature and precipitation) on the phenology of Prosopis, and (iii) assess the critical months of seed dispersal for the species management. Monthly data for phenology events: leafing, flowering, green and mature pods were collected from 8 stems of Prosopis trees at each of two localities in Ethiopia during 2016/2017. In Amibara district we found that relative abundances of green leaves, flowering, green pods, and mature pods were 91, 15, 9, and 2% in order. However, these were less than by 8, 53, 91, and 90%, respectively in Awash Fenatle district. The lowest proportions of mature and green pods were recorded in the dry season and the highest in the spring season. We recorded the highest and lowest relative abundances of flowering between November and December, and January and February, respectively. In this study, both temperature (F = 2.01, P = 0.04) and precipitation (F = 2.85, P = 0.01) had shown significant effects on the relative abundances of green leaves but insignificant effects on other phenology stages. Higher green leaf abundances were recorded during high rainfall, whereas lower abundances of leaves were recorded in high temperatures. But, the relative abundances of Prosopis leaves showed inconsistent with the variations of precipitation. Thus, awareness creation for stake holders about the phenology calendar of Prosopis should be given to abandon the invasiveness of the species towards the prime grazing lands in the region.

3

Periodic events of Potamogeton alpinus in NW Poland (Pomerania region)

Robionek A. E., Banaś K., Chmara R., Szmeja J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2018

|

Vol. 47, No. 1

41--49

EN

We have determined the timing of periodic events, such as leaf formation, flowering, fruiting and wintering of the aquatic plant Potamogeton alpinus. This study was performed in 15 watercourses situated in NW Poland in 2014–2015. Characteristics of the age stages were determined on the basis of 728 modules and phenological data were collected from permanent plots. In the study area, the plant appeared in week 12 of the calendar year, when water temperature in the streams was 5.4 ± 0.16°C. At that time, the first leafy juvenile shoots developed from winter buds. In week 22 (water temperature 13.9 ± 0.85°C), juvenile shoots became mature, whereas the first flowers were formed in week 24 (15.6 ± 1.04°C). The generative phase lasted twelve weeks with water temperature from 15.6 ± 1.04°C to 18.9 ± 3.23°C. Between weeks 37 and 44 (water temperature from 13.7 ± 0.77°C to 6.3 ± 1.05°C), senile shoots dominated in the population. From week 45 until week 11 of the next year (water temperature < 5.4 ± 0.16°C), the plants were in the winter resting stage. In our view, climate warming might disturb the phenology of P. alpinus, decreasing the probability of sexual reproduction of the species and the phenological distance between the Central European Plain and the Scandinavian populations.

4

„Cztery pory roku” w historii lubelskich Żydów – projekt Ogrodu Pamięci na terenie dawnego cmentarza żydowskiego w Lublinie

Olejarnik T., Ziernicka-Wojtaszek A.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

|

2017

|

T. 62, z. 1

47--60

PL

Tematem artykułu jest projekt koncepcyjny Ogrodu Pamięci na terenie dawnego cmentarza żydowskiego, znajdującego się na pograniczu dzielnic Ponikwoda i Kalinowszczyzna w Lublinie. Obszar opracowania obejmuje nieogrodzoną, pozbawioną nagrobków część dawnego cmentarza żydowskiego, która obecnie stanowi dla mieszkańców pobliskich zabudowań namiastkę parku z ubogą infrastrukturą i roślinnością. Założeniem pracy było pogodzenie sprzecznych funkcji terenu poprzez stworzenie bardzo potrzebnego w tym rejonie parku, a jednocześnie zapewnienie odpowiedniego szacunku dla przeszłości miejsca. Zasadniczą część pracy stanowi projekt koncepcyjny Ogrodu Pamięci, w efekcie zaprojektowania którego teren zyskał ład przestrzenny, a roślinność poprzez zaplanowaną zmienność pojawów fenologicznych nabrała również symbolicznego znaczenia, dzięki przypisaniu każdej porze roku pewnego okresu z historii lubelskich Żydów.

EN

The subject of the project is a conceptual design for a Memorial Garden on the site of the former Jewish cemetery, located on the area joining the Ponikwoda and Kalinowszczyzna districts in Lublin. The area covered by the project is an unfenced part of the former Jewish cemetery, without tombstones, which now serves as an ersatz park for residents of nearby buildings, with poor infrastructure and vegetation. The premise of the work was to reconcile the contradictory functions of the site by creating a much-needed park in the area while at the same time ensuring appropriate respect for the history of the site. The core of the work is the conceptual design of the Memorial Garden, owing to which the area will gain spatial order, while through the planned variation of phenological phenomena the vegetation will acquire symbolic meaning, as each season will be associated with a particular period in the history of Lublin Jews.

5

Rozpoznawanie jesiennych faz fenologicznych dębu bezszypułkowego (Quercus petraea Liebl.) na ortomozaikach zdjęć lotniczych uzyskanych z wykorzystaniem drona

Łoziński A., Będkowski K.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

|

2016

|

T. 55

5--14

EN

Changes to beginning and the length of the growing season and the phenological stages can be of great importance for the individual trees, their populations and the populations of other species. The aim of the research described in this paper is to assess the ability to recognize the autumn phenological phases in single trees of the sessile oak, using UAV images. In our study we have examined if we can on this basis rank the trees according to their preparation for winter dormancy. There were 20 observers involved in the research whose objective was to pass each of 114 trees to one of five classes, based on the dominant color of assimilation apparatus observed on an orthomosaic. Distinguished color classes of oaks were: 1 - green, 2 - greenish-yellow, 3 - yellow, 4 - yellowbrown and 5 - brown. The analysis revealed that only 6 of all trees (5 green and one greenish-yellow) were classified by all observers to the same group. Other trees were classified to different colors, and in the case of 25 trees (22%), the number of the same color indicated was less than or at most equal to 12. The applied color scale did not correspond fully to colors perceived by the participants. After completion of the study, all said they ran out of green-brown color, and the crowns of trees that could be assigned to that color, were therefore classified as greenish-yellow, yellow or yellow-brown. In further research it is necessary to explain the causes of green-brown color observed in some trees, as well as its natural meaning and place in a chain of crown colors changes taking place during autumn, using methods of digital image analysis.

6

Effects of Varying Temperature on Leaf Phenology and Herbivory of Dominant Tree Species in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaves Forest in Eastern China

Jing J., Li K., Liu Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, nr 1

53--69

EN

The aim of this work was to analyse the response of dominant tree species to the changing climate in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We investigated the main leaf phenology and herbivory parameters of four typical trees (i.e., Schima superba, Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis sclerophylla and Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia) in spring from 2010 to 2014 in the Tiantong National Forest Research Station in eastern China. The results showed that the accumulated temperature was the principle factor which affected the leaf phenology and herbivory. All four trees got an earlier, shorter and more synchronised leaf expansion in years with higher accumulated temperature, and also they suffered more sever leaf damage in these years. However the trees responded differently to climate warming in leaf phenology and herbivory. The S. superba and Ca. sclerophylla were more sensitive to the varying accumulated temperature than the Ca. fargesii and Cy. sessilifolia both in leaf phenology and herbivory during leaf expansion. We suggest that the observed variations in leaf phenology and leaf traits to the changing accumulated temperature should be taken into consideration for pest management and community stability maintenance in forests adapting to the changing climate.

7

Obserwacje fenologiczne prowadzone w ramach projektu PLGrid Plus

Mager P., Kępińska-Kasprzak M.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2015

|

Vol. 24, No. 1

99--108

PL

W pracy przedstawiono realizację zadania polegającego na budowie systemu do prowadzenia obserwacji fitofenologicznych w ramach projektu PLGrid Plus. Zbudowany system pozwala na zdalny dostęp do urządzeń obserwacyjnych zainstalowanych na terenie Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego oraz zarządzanie nimi, przesyłanie, zapisywanie oraz „tagowanie” obserwacji. Integralną częścią platformy badawczej jest portal internetowy udostępniający wyniki obserwacji szerokiemu gronu odbiorców wyposażony w funkcje wizualizacji oraz analizy danych.

EN

Paper presents the realization of the task within the PLGrid Plus project the aim of which is to built and to implement pilot instrument-service system using IT infrastructure for phytophenological observations. This system allows for remote communication and interaction with observation instruments (camera, turn-plate, weather station) installed in the Wielkopolska National Park, transfer, gathering meteorological data and plants images, tagging observed lifecycle events. User portal allows users to choose monitored scenes, schedule repeatable data collection tasks and providing useful description of observed plants and current phenology phase or to view charts as well as to export weather data and collected phenology photos.

8

Emergence phenology and microhabitat distribution of aquatic Diptera community at the outlets of barrage lakes: effects of temperature, substrate and current velocity

Čmrlec K., Ivković M., Šemnički P., Mihaljević Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2013

|

Vol. 61, nr 1

135--144

EN

True flies (Diptera, Insecta) are one of the most important groups of aquatic insects in respect of the number of families and abundance of individuals. The goals of this study were to determine emergence patterns and the main ecological factors that influence dipteran family abundance and emergence at barrage lake outlets. Differences in abundance and variations between microhabitats were examined. The study was carried out in Plitvice Lakes National Park (Dinaric karst region, Croatia) at outlets of three barrage lakes. On each site several microhabitats, which differ in substrate and water velocity were selected. The selected substrates were moss on tufa, particulate tufa with detritus, pebbles and silt. Sampling of dipteran adults was conducted at the end of every month during 2007/2008 with 6 emergence traps placed at each site. Simuliidae and Chironomidae were the most abundant families among the 13 families present. Temperature influenced the start of emergence and the duration of flight period. All three lake outlets differed in abundance of individuals, especially the lowest barrage lake outlet which can be contributed to the lowest levels of organic seston and highest rates of tufa deposition. For Chironomidae, Simuliidae and aquatic Empididae statistically significant positive correlation between abundance and current velocity was observed. The least favoured substrate for all Diptera families was silt, while moss was the preferred one.

9

Winter breeding by the Blackbird, Turdus merula (L.) during harsh weather conditions

Wuczyński A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

Vol. 58, nr 4

805-809

EN

Birds may occasionally breed far beyond the average breeding time for particular species. Nesting attempts in winter during unfavorable weather and unfavorable environmental conditions, however, are particularly rare events. In this note I report an unsuccessful attempt of a Blackbird Turdus merula L. observed in January, 2009 in SW Poland. The clutch was abandoned at the final stage of incubation. Unlike other reported cases, it had been started on the outskirts of an average-sized town, in a period of harsh weather.low ambient temperature and snow cover present. This is the first winter brood of this species recorded in Poland and probably the easternmost in Europe. It is suggested that winter breeding by Blackbirds may occur more regularly and in wider areas than previously reported.

10

The effect of habitat on methane emission from an alpine wetland

Chen H., Wu N., Gao Y., Yao S., Wang Y., Tian J., Sun G., Yuan X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

Vol. 57, nr 2

377-381

EN

Alpine wetland is a source for methane (CH[4]), an important greenhouse gas, but little is known about how this habitat influences the emission. To understand this wetland habitats were selected at the altitude of 3430 m a.s.l. (in National Wetland Nature Reserve of Zoige, Quingle - Tibetan Plateau) and the methane flux was measured with static chambers in three different sites, including hollows with Carex muliensis Hand - Mazz. and Eleocharis valleculosa Ohwi f. setosa (Ohwi) Kitagawa., grass hummocks composed of Kobresia tibetica Maxim, Cremanthodium pleurocaule R. D. Good, Potentilla bifurca L. and Pedicularis sp. We have found that in alpine wetland these habitats significantly affect CH[4] emissions in the onset (April, 2006) and peak (August, 2005) stages of growing season. Hollows covered with Carex muliensis and Eleocharis valleculosa had higher values of emission than grass hummocks built by several grass species. Slight difference of CH[4] emission was found between two kinds of hollows with Carex muliensis and Eleocharis valleculosa. These results were consistent with the change of water table, which was found best correlated with CH4 emissions (r[^2] = 0.43, P <0.01) in the peak stage of growing season. Directly measured shoot biomass and plant heights were best related to CH[4] emissions (r[^2] = 0.59, P <0.01). However, in the onset stage of growing season, variation of CH[4] emission may not be simply ascribed to changes in water table and vegetation structure.

11

Effects of contrasting habitats on the phenology, seasonal growth and drymass allocation pattern of two bulbous geophytes (Alliaceae) with partly different geographic ranges

Duchoslav M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

Vol. 57, nr 1

15-32

EN

Allium oleraceum L. and A. vineale L. are two related bulbous geophytes with an annual storage organ that coexist in a wide range of habitats but show both partly different geographic ranges and habitat preferences in Europe. To explore whether ecological and distributional differences between species can be related to expected variation in some key life-history traits between them, research was undertaken to compare the phenology, seasonal growth, and dry-mass allocation of vegetative and reproductive plants of the species at successional gradient comprising three sites with contrasting environmental conditions (steppe, scrub, forest), where populations of the study species coexist (the Czech Republic). The results showed, in general, partly different timing of phenophases between species and different responses of species to contrasting environmental conditions. A. vineale displayed an annual life cycle similar to that observed in many Mediterranean geophytes, i.e. regularly sprouting above ground before the arrival of winter, its growth was concentrated into early and mid-spring and started to wither after a temperature increase and several short-term drought events in early summer, though its flowering was delayed until late June. A. oleraceum showed high year-on-year variation in the onset of shoot elongation above-ground; its growth was concentrated into mid- and late spring and its flowering was delayed until July. The patterns of phenology observed between the study species thus partly reflect selection under different environmental conditions of their origin. The total duration of the green above-ground period of reproductive plants in both species continued about 1.5-2 months beyond that of the vegetative ones. Over main growth period, mean relative growth rates (RGR) of A. oleraceum and A. vineale ranged from 20 to 22 and from 6 to 28 mg g[^-1]dw day[^-1], respectively. A. vineale showed significantly higher RGR than A. oleraceum only in steppe conditions while at shaded sites the reverse pattern was found. The RGR of both vegetative and reproductive plants of A. oleraceum did not differ from one site to another. On the other hand, both vegetative and reproductive A. vineale plants showed lower RGR at shaded sites than at steppe one. Shading increased allocation into leaves in both species, caused complete abortion of developing scapes in A. vineale but only reduced reproductive allocation in A. oleraceum. A. oleraceum was able to maintain fitnessrelated traits more stably across the environments studied than A. vineale that fit well into the pattern of habitat differentiation observed between them in Central Europe. Data concerning growth of and allocation into new bulb in both species also support the hypothesis that allocating reserves for the coming year is the first priority in geophytes with an annual storage organ.

12

Prawdopodobieństwo dojrzewania kukurydzy - aplikacja internetowa

Zaliwski A., Górski T.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2005

|

R. 9, nr 8

401--408

PL

Kukurydza, jako roślina ciepłolubna, wymaga do dojrzewania stosunkowo długiego okresu z odpowiednio wysoką temperaturą. W naszym kraju jej uprawa jest więc związana z pewnym ryzykiem, polegającym na uzyskaniu plonów o niskim udziale kolb lub ziarna. Wybór odpowiednich rejonów uprawy, a także dobór odmian w tych rejonach, przeprowadza się porównując wymagania termiczne kukurydzy z warunkami klimatycznymi. Użycie metody sum temperatur umożliwia ilościowe określenie prawdopodobieństwa dojrzenia. W pracy przedstawiono internetową aplikację służącą do obliczania i prezentacji prawdopodobieństwa dojrzewania trzech typów użytkowych kukurydzy (na ziarno, na CCM i na kiszonkę) o różnej wczesności dla wybranego punktu Polski. Do budowy aplikacji wykorzystano algorytmy rozkładów statystycznych temperatury, opadów i długości dnia, skonstruowane w IUNG. Opisują one rozkłady przestrzenne tych charakterystyk, umożliwiając określenie ich wartości w dowolnym punkcie kraju i w dowolnym okresie. Podstawowymi danymi aplikacji są zawarte w bazie danych atrybuty punktów (długość i szerokość geograficzna, wysokość n.p.m.) w siatce 10x10km. Obsługa aplikacji polega na ustaleniu współrzędnych geograficznych pola (przez wybór punktu z mapy), wyborze typu użytkowego kukurydzy oraz określeniu charakteru otoczenia pola (teren płaski, pobliże dużego miasta, akwenu itp.). Naciśnięcie przycisku „Oblicz wartości” uruchamia procedury obliczeniowe umieszczone na serwerze i wyniki przesyłane są do przeglądarki w komputerze użytkownika. Wyniki obliczeń prawdopodobieństwa dla kukurydzy o wybranym typie użytkowym dla kilku typów wczesności (określonych liczbą FAO) są podawane w formie tabelarycznej.

EN

Maize, being a thermophilous plant, requires a relatively long vegetation period with appropriately high values of degree-days. Therefore its cultivation under the conditions of our country is connected with certain risk that consists in obtaining yields with low proportion of cobs or grain. The choice of suitable regions for its cultivation, as well as the selection of varieties for the regions are conducted by comparison of thermal requirements of maize with the climatic conditions. Application of the degree-days method makes it possible to quantify the probability of maize ripening. The article described Internet application to calculation and presentation of ripening probability for three utilization modes (for grain, CCM and silage) of various earliness maize types. The statistical distribution algorithms for temperature, precipitation and day length, constructed at IUNG, were used to create the application. They describe the spatial distribution of mentioned climatic elements making it possible to determine their values in any place of Poland within any period. The basic application data are the attributes of points (longitude, latitude and altitude) evenly spread over the country in a grid of 10 x 10 km. Handling of the application consists in entering geographic co-ordinates (by selecting a point in the map), entering the terrain characteristics (flat terrain, neighborhood of a city, large reservoir etc.) and choosing the maize utilization mode. Pressing the “Calculate values” button starts the computation procedures on the server and the results are sent to the user’s computer browser. The results (probability of maize ripening, mean dates of sowing and ripening) for utilization mode and the type of earliness (determined by the FAO number) selected by the user are presented in tabular form.

13

Impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on two species of forest dwarf shrubs : bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)

Robakowski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

Vol. 47, no 1

3-13

EN

Impact of UV-B irradiation on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of two dwarf shrub species: Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. was investigated. The plants originating from different latitudes were used. The experiment was carried in the greenhouse. Three variants of ultraviolet-B irradiation were applied = O, lower dose = 11.32 and higher dose = 22.64 kJ m^-2 day^-1 UV-B[BE] (biologically effective dose of UV-B). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were carried out. The response of dwarf shrubs to the increased UV-B radiation depended on UV-B dose, species traits and provenance. Vaccinium vitis-idaea was less sensitive to UV-B than Vaccinium myrtillus. The permanent discoloration was observed only on Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. The leaf bud brea of this species was accelerated at high UV-B dose compared to the control. The UV-B radiation influenced its photosynthetic apparatus: the chlorophyll content in leaves was reduced, the maximal and the steady state fluorescence of chlorophyll were diminished. The chlorophyll content in leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea did not change significantly but the relative vitality index and the steady state fluorescence were modified under the influence of the radiation.