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Microbial Fluidized Bed Reactor Removing Pharmaceutical Contaminants from Wastewater – Review

Abbas Mays, Al Kindi Ghayda Yaseen, Hussein Amal Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

266--279

EN

Pharmaceutical contaminants are difficult to remove with standard treatment techniques and are one of the current problems in wastewater treatment. These bioactive substances are considered emerging pollutants due to their persistence and potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. They will continue to function even in small amounts. Efficient wastewater treatment methods are needed to address this issue. As a result, the efforts to develop more efficient wastewater treatment methods have recently intensified. Fluidized bed reactors offer a special opportunity for efficient treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pollutants. This article discussed FBBR and covered its advantages, disadvantages, modifications, and applications. Additionally, the FBBR design was briefly discussed.

2

Application of MoO3 as an efficient catalyst for wet air oxidation treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (Experimental and DFT study)

Chen Chen, Cheng Ting, Wang Lei, Tian Yuan, Deng Qin, Shi Yisu

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 2

47--60

EN

In this work, a highly effective catalyst (MoO3) is synthesized and applied for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. The catalyst is systematically characterized to investigate the morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition, and the findings demostrated that MoO3 catalyst is successfully synthesized. The degradation mechanism is also illustrated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The degradation experiments confirm that MoO3 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in CWAO, and the removal rate of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is achieved to more than 93%. The catalyst doses, reaction temperature and reaction time have a significant impact on the removal of pollutants. The degradation process of pollutants in CWAO could be satisfactorily fitted by the second-order kinetics. Besides, MoO3 displays a favorable stability as CWAO catalyst. DFT calculation illustrates that MoO3 catalyst is a typical indirect band gap semiconductor. Moreover, the high temperature environment provides the thermal excitation energy, which favors to the free electrons nearing Fermi level to escape the material surface, and excites them to the conduction band, then directly reduces the pollutants in CWAO. These findings demonstrate that MoO3 can be used as an efficient and excellent catalyst for CWAO of pharmaceutical wastewater.

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Nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich pharmaceutical wastewater. A comparison between sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR)

Hajsardar M., Borghei S. M., Hassani A. H., Takdastan A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 3

95--115

EN

Biological nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater (pharmaceutical synthetic wastewater) was studied. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were utilized to treat ammonium-rich wastewater. No external carbon source was added to the reactors. At nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 2.5 kg N/(m3·day), the efficiency of ammonium removal from synthetic wastewater in SBR was 86.9%. SBBR ammonium removal efficiency under fixed dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.3 mg O2/dm3 was 98.4%. Specific nitrification rate (SNR) and specific denitrification rate (SDNR) in SBR were 9.24 mg NH4 +-N/(g MLVSS·h) and 18.56 mg NO3 – -N/(g MLVSS·h), respectively. Nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) showed high correlation with DO decrement (R2 = 0.983), NAR and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) had high correlation, too (R² = 0.976). SND efficiency in SBBR reached 94.1% while ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were dominant and NAR in SBBR process at the DO level of 0.3 mg O2/dm3 was 90.3%.

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Środki cieniujące w ściekach i środowisku wodnym

Rezka P., Balcerzak W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 8

1521--1523

PL

Przedstawiono i scharakteryzowano najczęściej stosowane środki cieniujące. Substancje te z założenia powinny być niegroźne dla zdrowia człowieka, lecz mogą one stanowić zagrożenie dla organizmów wodnych. Dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej występowania tych związków w ściekach oraz środowisku naturalnym. Efektywne oczyszczenie ścieków szpitalnych i komunalnych jest niezbędne w ochronie wód powierzchniowych i podziemnych przed zanieczyszczeniami organicznymi, w szczególności farmaceutykami. Jednakże, jak wynika z danych literaturowych, środki kontrastujące nie są usuwane w procesach oczyszczania ścieków w stopniu wystarczającym i dochodzi do ich emisji do środowiska wodnego.

EN

A review, with 26 refs., of contrast agents and their occurrence in aquatic environment.

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Integrating coagulation and Fenton’s oxidation for pharmaceutical effluents treatment

Martins R. C., Oliveira A. C., Quinta-Ferreira R. M.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2015

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Nr 4

174--177

EN

Pharmaceutical industry produces complex and bio-refractory wastewater whose discharge throughout water courses constitutes an environmental danger. Although several works can be found handling with simulated pharmaceutical effluents, data reporting results gathered using actual wastewater is still scarce. This work reveals that Fe-Ce-O and red volcanic rock are interesting catalysts for dark and photo-Fenton. Furthermore, the light/H2O2 system showed interesting results and it is now being explored at the pilot scale by the pharmaceutical industry that provided the effluent.

PL

Przemysł farmaceutyczny wytwarza złożone i bioodporne ścieki, których zrzut zwykła drogą stwarza zagrożenie dla środowiska. Pomimo tego, że kilka prac zajmuje się transportem symulowanych ciekłych odpadów farmaceutycznych, dane dotyczące rzeczywistych ścieków są wciąż skąpe. W prezentowanej pracy stwierdzono, że Fe-Ce-O i czerwona skała wulkaniczna są ciekawymi katalizatorami w reakcji foto-Fentona. Ponadto układ światło/H2O2 wykazał się interesującymi właściwościami i obecnie jest badany w skali pilotowej przy obróbce ścieków w przemyśle farmaceutycznym.

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Oczyszczanie ścieków farmaceutycznych metodą fotolizy UV

Biń A. K., Sobera-Madej S.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2006

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Nr 5s

21-25

EN

Residual pharmaceuticals and their metabolites represent unde-sired contaminants in surface and ground waters. The advanced oxidations processes (AOPs) may offer an alternative way of their elimination from natural environment. Effects of direct UV (252 nm) photolysis and oxidation of pharmaceutical wastewa-ters {from antibiotic production) and aqueous solution of clofibric acid using UV/HzCh were studied.