Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Petroleum Provinces in Poland

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2007

|

Vol. 55, nr 12/1

1061-1067

EN

The scheme in which the Carpathians, Carpathian Foredeep and Polish Lowland are distinguished as the hydrocarbon prospective zones was used hitherto in Poland. Good geological diagnosis of Poland area enables to distinguish the petroleum provinces in terms of basin analysis (methodology). This procedure are based on an integration of multidisciplinary geological and geophysical data with into a petroleum play concept. Results of drillings and petroleum play procedures allow to predict boundaries of petroleum provinces. Effects of basin analysis with regards to the stratigraphy of hydrocarbon-bearing areas are presented in Figure 1. All these prospective areas (Fig. 1) have been matched into five independent units (Fig. 2) which could be defined as following petroleum provinces: Pomerania, Wielkopolska, Ma3opolska, Lublin and Gdansk. These petroleum provinces are only the parts of sedimentary basins the individual development of which enabled generation, migration and preservation of hydrocarbons. Location of the above mentioned petroleum provinces is also brightly reflected on the map of crustal consolidation (Fig. 3): every province in Poland has its own individual geologic history.

2

Permian Basin as a main exploration target in Poland

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2007

|

Vol. 55, nr 12/1

1003-1015

EN

The Polish Permian Basin (PPB) is a part of the Southern Permian Basin in theWestern and the Central Europe. Results of burial and thermal analyses as well as a configuration of the Moho surface of the Polish Basin suggest the asymmetrical basin model. History of the Polish Basin reveals that the Late Permian and the Early Triassic periods represent the main rifting phase and its later development resulted from thermal relaxation. During the Late Triassic and the Jurassic time some cooling of rift heat field took place, but the turning point in thermal evolution of the Polish Basin was at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary when the south-western part of the Polish Basin was uplifted and intensively eroded. The knowledge on the Permian Basin in Poland is chiefly connected with petroleum exploration. The gas fields are located mainly in the Rotliegend reservoirs. The Zechstein deposits, overlying the Rotliegend, are also in the area of economic interest: hydrocarbons occurring in carbonate deposits of the Werra (Zechstein Limestone - Ca1 ) and Stassfurt (Main Dolomite - Ca2) cyclothems. Several tens gas fields have been hitherto discovered within the Rotliegend sandstones and the Zechstein limestones. Reservoirs are the clastic, terrestrial deposits of the Lower Permian and calcareous, biogenic carbonates of the Zechstein. Evaporates, mainly salts of the Werra cyclothem, are the regional sealing for the mentioned reservoirs. Natural gas accumulated in the Rotliegend sandstones and the Zechstein limestones is of the same origin: it was generated from organic matter occurred in the Carboniferous rocks and it migrated to higher places where it became concentrated within favourable structural or lithofacies conditions. High nitrogen content in the natural gas from the Polish Permian Basin is explained that nitrogen is generated from an organic matter within a sedimentary basin at higher temperatures than methane. Location of high helium concentration corresponds to the area of highest heat flow during the Late Permian, Triassic and Jurassic times, evidencing the Late Permian-Early Mesozoic rifting process. Numerous oil gas fields discovered in the Main Dolomite (Ca2) unit constitute it as one of the most important exploration target in the Polish Basin. It composes the closed hydrodynamic system sealed from the top and the bottom by evaporates. Both the source rocks and reservoirs are characteristic for this unit. Influence of the burial and thermal history of the Polish Basin on a petroleum play generation within the Main Dolomite unit is clearly visible. The previous and the present petroleum discoveries in the Polish Permian Basin, comparing to the other petroleum provinces in Poland, indicate it as a main exploration target.

3

Modelowanie warunków generacji węglowodorów w utworach starszego paleozoiku na obszarze zachodniej części basenu bałtyckiego

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 9

756-763

PL

Eksploracja basenu lubelskiego doprowadziła do rozpoznania budowy geologicznej regionu i szczegółowego przebadania profilu geologicznego osadów paleozoicznych i mezozoicznych. Od roku 1956 wykonano ok. 240 głębokich wierceń i odkryto kilka złóż ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. W osadach dewońskich opróbowano około 520 interwałów (statystyka nie uwzględnia otworów wydobywczych) i w 280 przypadkach uzyskano przypływy solanek zgazowanych w ilościach nieprzemysłowych. Wykonano też około 300 opróbowań w karbonie. W około 70% przypadków nastąpił wypływ solanki zgazowanej z domieszką ropy naftowej.

EN

The western part of the Palaeozoic Baltic Basin is a potential area of petroleum exploration. Most perspective are here the Cambrian deposits because source and reservoir rocks have the best properties. On the basis of structural, subsidence and present /past thermal analysis, the modeling of hydrocarbon formation along five geological cross-sections using the PetroMod software was carried out. The spatial range of the modeled "oil window " in the Cambrian deposits is relatively narrow and runs from the Łeba Elevation through the Gdańsk Bay southwards. The Cambrian rocks in the Warmia region - adjacent to with the Kaliningrad District where Russian geologists discovered oilfields in the Cambrian deposits - are in the first phase of hydrocarbon generation. Present thermal field in Lithuania and the Kaliningrad District indicate on the existence of strong positive geothermal anomaly which probably heated up not deeply lying Palaeozoic rocks to the "oil window "phase. This optimistic circumstance permits to suppose that along the Polish side of state border, from the Warmia region eastwards, the "oil window" parameters are improved. If the other factors of the petroleum play will be affirmative, then the area of northern Warmia may produce expect new oil field discoveries.

4

Karboński etap rozwoju basenu lubelskiego jako główne stadium generacji węglowodorów w utworach młodszego paleozoiku Lubelszczyzny : wyniki modelowań geologicznych (PetroMod)

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 9

783-790

EN

One of the petroleum play elements is to determine organic matter maturity zones. In the case of hydrocarbon exploration in the Lublin area it mainly pertains to Devonian and Carboniferous deposits. Geological knowledge of local of stratigraphy, lithology, subsidence and erosion rates enables to provide data for computer modelling. The knowledge of calibrating parameters (e.g.) present temperatures, values of the vitrinite reflectance and CAI) is here also satisfactory. Results of the computer modelling (PetroMod) made possible to prepare the map of heat flow values for the Middle to Upper Devonian and Carboniferous period. These values are very high (90-130 mW/m2) and can be comparable to the magnitude of the heat flow in rift zones. Correctness of the obtained results was confirmed by investigations on homogenization temperatures of cement inclusions in the Devonian and Carboniferous rocks. Evolution of the organic matter maturity in the Lublin area obtained as result of computer-aided simulations (PetroMod) shows that Carboniferous stage of the basin formation was the main phase for oil and gas generation. The reorganization of the Lublin Basin into the Lublin Synclinorium which in turn became included in the Polish Basin at the Late Jurassic time did not influence crucially the hydrocarbon generation in the Devonian and Carboniferous deposits. Present distribution of the organic matter maturity zones indicates that Devonian rocks are in the most cases overmature whereas the Carboniferous ones are in the oil and gas window. The planning of further exploration should take into account also results of the hydrocarbon generation modelling in the Lublin area.

5

Origin and evolution of the polish rotliegend basin

Karnkowski P. H.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

|

1999

|

Vol. 3

1-93

EN

The Polish Rotliegend Basin is a part of the great Southern Permian Basin in Western and Central Europe. Its basin history started in the latest Carboniferous but its origin was rooted as early as Cambrian time. Pre-Permian history of the area of Poland explains the origin of main later frames of the Polish Rotliegend Basin (PRB). It is clearly visible that boundaries of the PRB were determined by eastern margins of the Rheno-Hercynian Basin. Development of the PRB was controlled mainly by climatic and tectonic factors in an intensive rifting regime but it was manifested within individual sedimentary sequences as thicker conglomerate formations or members or increased thickness in most subsiding zones. Detailed sedimentological studies enabled distinguishing in the Rotliegend succession, independently of lithostratigraphic units also allostratigraphic (sequences) ones. The evolution of the Polish Rotliegend Basin-fill had continued within the Permo-Mesozoic Basin (Polish Basin) until the Late Cretaceous when, due to inversion of the central part of the basin, the Mid-Polish Anticlinorium was uplifted. The burial history of the Polish Basin reveals that the Late Permian and Early Triassic periods represent the main rifting phase and its later development resulted from thermal relaxation. A Late Jurassic rifting episode manifested itself only in the central part of the Polish Basin. In the Late Cretaceous basin any external tectonic factors initiating subsidence were unnecessary and the mechanism responsible for subsidence was a simple loading subsidence caused by a great sea transgression. Analysing thermal history of the Polish Basin-fill it was surely evidenced that at the beginning of the Rotliegend volcanic period the high geothermal anomalies occurred in the western part of the developing basin. Initially these anomalies were characterized by higher values (100-150 mWrrf ) during the Late Permian-Early Triassic interval. Such high values were related to syn-rift stages of sedimentary basin development. During Late Triassic and Jurassic time some cooling of rift heat field took place, but the turning point in thermal evolution of the Polish Basin was at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary when the southwestern part of the Polish Basin was uplifted and intensively eroded. Then a heat inflow into the southern part of the Polish Basin decreased and distinct features of the prevoius epoch were obliterated in the heat flow field image. Results of burial and thermal analysis of the Polish Basin as well as configuration of Moho surface in Poland seem to suggest the asymmetrical style of the basin model. The uppermost position of Moho is additionally accompanied by a very high helium concentration and corresponds to the area of the highest heat flow during the Late Permian, Triassic and Jurassic in the whole Polish Basin. It may be settled that the described palaeothermal-geochemical-tectonic anomaly, located about 60 km northeast of Wroclaw and continued to the northwest, represented the Late Permian-Early Mesozoic rifting process. It is unambiguously indicative of the asymmetric rift character of the Polish Basin, in which volcanism and deposition of Rotliegend series marked the first phase of its development.

PL

Polski basen czerwonego spągowca (PBCS) jest częścią wielkiego basenu sedymentacyjnego zwanego południowym basenem permskim, leżącym w zachodniej i centralnej Europie. Historia rozwoju polskiego basenu czerwonego spągowca rozpoczęła się na przełomie karbonu i permu. Jednak w jego rozwoju można odnaleźć pewne elementy zakorzenione w już przedpermskim paleozoiku. Rozwój sedymentacji w polskim basenie czerwonego spągowca był kontrolowany głównie przez tektonikę i klimat. Wyraźna zmiana klimatyczna, z warunków wilgotnych na suche, nastąpiła dopiero w górnym czerwonym spągowcu (i to nie w jego najniższej części). Ruchy tektoniczne zaznaczały się natomiast poprzez tworzenie miąższych kompleksów zlepieńców. Takie spojrzenie na opracowywaną sukcesję osadów czerwonego spągowca umożliwiło wyróżnienie kilku sekwencji. Ewolucja polskiego basenu czerwonego spągowca nie skończyła się wraz z transgresją cechsztyńską. Wypełnienie PBCS podlegało dalszej ewolucji związanej z rozwojem polskiego basenu permsko-mezozoicznego. Aby móc śledzić ewolucję wypełnienia PBCS wykonano dla tego obszaru analizę historii pogrążania i analizę historii termicznej. Historia subsydencji basenu polskiego na omawianym obszarze pokazuje, że okres późnego permu i triasu były główna fazę ryftowania, a późniejszy rozwój basenu wynika głównie z relaksacji termicznej. Analizując historię termiczną basenu polskiego widać, że w czerwonym spągowcu występowały tam wielkie anomalie geotermiczne. Anomalie te charakteryzowały się wysoką wartością strumienia cieplnego (100-150 mWm-2) w czasie późnego permu i triasu. Tak wysokie wartości odpowiadają przeważnie synryftowemu etapowi rozwoju basenu. W czasie późnego triasu i jury wystąpiło pewne schłodzenie pola cieplnego, ale punktem zwrotnym w historii termicznej basenu polskiego było pogranicze jury i kredy, kiedy południowo-zachodnia część omawianego basenu została znacznie wyniesiona i zerodowana. Wtedy to wartość powierzchniowego strumienia cieplnego w południowo-zachodniej Polsce istotnie zmalała, a wyraźne cechy termiczne poprzedniej epoki zostały zatarte. Występowanie złóż gazu w osadach czerwonego spągowca ograniczone jest do najwyższej części sekwencji osadowej. Skład gazu ziemnego wykazuje niekiedy znaczne zaazotowanie oraz istotne wzbogacenie w hel. Najwyższe koncentracje helu w gazie ziemnym, tak pod względem objętościowym jak i ilościowym, są zlokalizowane w tym samym miejscu, co permsko-jurajska wysoka anomalia geotermiczna i jednocześnie tutaj najpłycej występuje powierzchnia Moho w Polsce. Wyniki analizy historii pogrążenia i historii termicznej analizowanej części basenu polskiego, jak również konfiguracja powierzchni Moho i związane z nią anomalie paleogeotermiczne oraz wysokie koncentracje helu wskazują na asymetryczny model budowy basenu. Strefa wysokich anomalii paleogeotermicznych, rozciągająca się od obszaru między Wrocławiem i Poznaniem i dalej na zachód, była zapewne głównym obszarem ryftowania. Pierwszym etapem rozwoju polskiego basenu ryftowego był wulkanizm, a następnie sedymentacja w czasie czerwonego spągowca.