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Historical tradition and modern transformations of the algerian and persian housing environment

Ivashko Yulia, Dmytrenko Andrii, Chang Peng

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

2020

nr 31

113--124

Historically, the urban situation in the cities and towns of Persia and Algeria was highly specific. The hot dry climate contributed to a street network, which was protected from the sun as much as possible. Climate conditions determined the appearance of houses with flat roofs, small windows and white walls. The entire urban planning system had the main centre - the city (town) mosque. There were smaller mosques in the structure of residential areas, densely surrounded by houses. Just as under the influence of climate a certain type of residential building took shape, these same factors formed a characteristic type of mosque in the housing environment. Globalist trends have affected even such a conservative sphere as Islamic religious architecture, as it gradually toned down striking regional features, which is explained by the typicality of modern building materials and structures and the international activity of various architectural and construction firms in different corners of the world. Over the centuries, two opposing images of the mosque have emerged - the pointedly magnificent Persian and the fortress-type of Maghreb (typical for Algeria) types. This paper reviews how specific climatic conditions and historical processes influenced the use of building materials, structures and decoration in the mosques of Persia’s and Algeria’s different regions. Today we observe an erosion of regional features in the form and layout of modern mosques, which are analysed on the basis of the examples given. On the basis of a comparison of authentic mosques and erected by foreigners, it is proved how local features are gradually being eliminated and what this leads to.

Versatile space of Persian court house in Isfahan used as Polish children habitat during the WW2

Bardzinska-Bonenberg Teresa, Hassas Najmeh

Przestrzeń i Forma

2019

nr 40

77--106

During WW2 thousands of Polish citizens were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan in the USSR doomed to exterminating labour. The Polish army was also detained there. The Iranian Shah allowed Polish soldiers and civilians to cross from Russia to Iran. In Isfahan Polish fugitives, mainly children, were accommodated in Persian traditional court houses which were converted into their temporary habitat, where new Polish social space emerged. The following problems are discussed in this paper: location of Polish children in Isfahan, recreation of Persian courtyard houses, redefining the meaning of interior and exterior of the houses.

Podczas drugiej wojny światowej tysiące polskich obywateli zostało zesłanych na Syberię i do Kazachstanu i skazanych na morderczą pracę. Polska armia również została tam uwięziona. Szach Iranu zezwolił polskim żołnierzom i cywilom przekroczyć granicą irańsko-sowiecką. W Isfahanie polscy uciekinierzy, przede wszystkim dzieci, umieszczeni zostali w tradycyjnych perskich dziedzińcowych domach które stały się miejscem ich czasowego pobytu i których przestrzeń wykorzystywana była zgodnie z potrzebami polskiej społeczności. W pracy omówiono następujące kwestie: rozmieszczenie polskich uchodźców w Isfahanie, nowy sposób korzystania z perskiego dziedzińcowego domu, nowe zdefiniowanie znaczenia wnętrza i przestrzeni zewnętrznej w obrębie domów.