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Metals Removal from Contaminated Soil Using Electrokinetic Treatment – Effect of Different Permeable Reactive Barrier and Flushing Solution

Budihardjo Mochamad Arief, Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya, Safitri Rahayu Puji, Effendi Agus Jatnika, Hidayat Syarif, Paramitadevi Yudith Vega, Ratnawati Beata

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

19--27

EN

Metals pollution is often found in the immediate or neighboring areas of industrial or agricultural activities. This situation may significantly affect the environment, such as water, soil, and air pollution. Electrokinetic (EK) treatment is known to have higher efficiency for metals contaminated soil. However, the use of EK treatment is not widely as expected. This study employs EK treatment with different permeable reactive barriers and flushing solutions to remove Cd and Pb from agricultural soil. Soil pH, temperature, water content, electroosmotic flow, electric current, and metal concentration are calculated as responses to the EK treatment. Results showed that the EK treatments were effectively removed the metals from the contaminated soil. On the fifth day of the treatment, EK, which used activated carbon as PRB and citric acid as the chelating agent, removed a significant amount of Cd from the soil. Besides, the treatment using zeolite as PRB and citric agent as chelate can remove more than 90% of Pb after the sixth day of treatment. These results showed that PRB and chelating agents could effectively remove the metals from the contaminated soils.

2

Funnel and Gate Permeable Reactive Barrier Permeable Reactive Barrier Configuration for Contaminated Groundwater Remediation – Designing, Installation, and Modeling: A Review

Mokif Layla Abdulkareem, Faisal Ayad A. H.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

15--33

EN

Groundwater is a valuable resource whose purity is necessary for human survival. It serves as a significant source of water for household, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Traditional groundwater pollution remediation technologies include pump & treat, phase extraction, aeration gas of groundwater, bioremediation, and chemical oxidation. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is one of the most key technology being developed as alternatives to the pump and manage method for the remedying contaminated groundwater. An overview on the groundwater significant as important sources for water, sources of groundwater contamination, transport of contaminants, and groundwater remediation technologies have been discussed in this paper. In addition to reactive media, the design and installation of PRBs of funnel-gate configurations and their application as a remediation technique have been covered in this review. Finally reaction mechanisms in groundwater, contaminant transport governing equation, isotherms sorption models, kinetic sorption models, breakthrough curves modeling have been presented in this review. PRB technique provides financial benefits while also encouraging waste material reuse, so contributing to environmental sustainability. Funnel and gate PRB can offer one or more dense treatment areas for maximizing groundwater pollution plume capture. Funnel-gate PRB is characterized by smaller reaction area, ease in replacement and removal during the blocking of the reactive barrier by fine soil particles and reactive sediments.

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Utilizing Activated Carbon Developed from Banana Peels as Permeable Reactive Barrier in Copper Removal from Polluted Groundwater

Al Haider Shahzanan Abbas, Al Fatlawi Suad, Nasir Mohsin J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

83--90

EN

The opportunity of utilizing activated carbon prepared from banana peels (BPAC) as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to eliminate copper (Cu+2) from the contaminated ground water has been explored. The activated carbon was prepared from banana peels by chemical activation utilizing a drenching agent, for example, a phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The Influence of different factors including initial copper amount, contacting duration, agitation speed, initial pH of the solution and sorbent dosage was studied in batch experiments. The optimum magnitudes for these factors that resulted in the highest copper removing efficacy (96%) were 40 minutes, 6, 250 rpm, 50 mg/l, and 1 mg/100 ml, respectively. The isotherm models of Freundlich and Langmuir have been utilized to analyze the sorption data for Cu+2 ions acquired via batch studies. The Langmuir model has been utilized to explain the sorption of Cu+2 onto BPAC, according to the findings. The partial differential formulas that describe copper transport in one–dimensional (1D) under equilibrium conditions have been solved utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software based on the finite element technique. The PRB has a significant function in preventing the copper plume from moving, according to the expected findings (COMSOL solution) and experimental findings. Finally, the excellent agreement between anticipated (theoretical) and actual findings, with an RMSE of less comparison with 0.1%, demonstrated that these techniques are useful and efficient instruments for describing copper transport processes.

4

Projekt instalacji pilotowej przepuszczalnej bariery aktywnej do usuwania chlorowanych etenów z wód podziemnych

Andrychowicz A., Grajales-Mesa S. J., Malina G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

609--611

EN

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are considered as an effective remedial option for groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethens. A pilot-scale PRB installation described in this article has been used to: 1) test the possibility of treating groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) in the vicinity of the water works in SE Poland, and 2) to verify under field conditions the usefulness of compost and brown coal mixtures as the effective PRB reactive material (cheep, easily available and environmentally friendly) previously studied through batch and column tests.

5

Reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in permeable reactive barriers

Pawluk K., Fronczyk J., Garbulewski K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2015

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Vol. 17, nr 1

7--10

EN

In this paper, the ability of nZVI to remove heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) from multicomponent aqueous solutions was investigated through batch experiments. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order kinetic model based on solid capacity. The data for copper and lead fitted well into the second-order kinetic model, thus suggesting that the adsorption had a physical character. The values of the removal ratio and the second-order rate constant indicated that the order of adsorption priority of nZVI was as follows: Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd>Ni. The adsorption isotherm data were described by the most conventional models (Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir). Equilibrium tests showed that copper and zinc were removed from the solution by adsorption processes, i.e., complexation and competitive adsorption. The test results suggested that the removal processes using nZVI are more kinetic than equilibrium. The study demonstrated that nZVI is favorable reactive material; however, comprehensive investigation should be performed for further in situ applications in PRB technology.

6

Hydrocarbons removal from underground coal gasification water by organic adsorbents

Lutynski M., Suponik T.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2014

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Vol. 50, iss. 1

289--298

EN

The main problems in the case of the undergorund coal gasificiation process is the possible pollution of surrounding aquifers. The underground gasification cavity is a source of both gaseous and liquid pollutants and these are mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, heavy metals and others. In order to prevent underground water from pollution a permeable reactive barrier was proposed. The filling was granulated activated carbon and SPILL-SORB (peat) – two commonly available sorbents adequate for hydrocarbons removal. The wastewater (synthetic solution which simulated groundwater contaminated with the UCG products) was prepared by mixing distilled water with desired amounts of substances such as phenols, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene etc. Batch tests were performed in order to measure sorption of phenols and benzene from the post-UCG water on the mentioned sorbents. Experimental results were fitted with linear and non-linear Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The obtained data showed that removal of phenols and benzene in case of GAC was much more efficient. However, sorption was lower than in the case of literature data and can be explained by complex composition of the solution and pre-treatment of the samples. The Langmuir model gave a better fit in the case of GAC, whereas Freundlich isotherm model was matching the data better in case of SPILL-SORB.

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Ocena możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej dla wybranych obszarów składowisk odpadów

Suponik T.

Górnictwo i Geologia

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2007

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T. 2, z. 1

53-64

PL

W artykule przedstawiono procedurę postępowania w ocenie możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej. Przedstawiono najważniejsze czynniki decydujące o tej ocenie oraz określono dla pierwszego etapu procedury kryteria wstępnej oceny możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej. W prezentowanym artykule kryteria te stanowiły podstawę oceny określenia możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej w obszarach wybranych składowisk odpadów zlokalizowanych na terenie województwa śląskiego.

EN

The procedure stage in the assessment of possibilities of using PRB technology is presented in this paper. The most important factors of that assessment have been described. Moreover, for the initial stage of the procedure, the criteria for the preliminary assessment of possibilities to use PRB technology have been specified. Those criteria, for the selected areas of dumping sites located in the Silesia district, have been the basis of this assessment in the following paper.

8

Metodyka oceny możliwości zastosowania bariery remediacyjnej w celu likwidacji zanieczyszczeń z wód podziemnych

Suponik T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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z. 272

143-152

PL

W artykule przedstawiono procedurę postępowania w ocenie możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej. Przedstawiono najważniejsze czynniki decydujące o tej ocenie oraz zaproponowano wykonywanie w początkowym etapie procedury oceny wstępnej, która ogranicza zakres analizy do kilku najistotniejszych elementów. Ponadto przedstawiono kryteria oceny możliwości zastosowania technologii bariery remediacyjnej, które mogą być pomocne w podjęciu decyzji o akceptacji bądź rezygnacji z jej stosowania w pierwszych etapach procedury.

EN

The procedure stage in the assessment of possibilities of using PRB technology is presented in this paper. The most important factors of that assessment have been selected. It was suggested to use preliminary assessment during the initial stage of the procedure, as it limits the range of the analysis to several most important elements. The criteria for the assessment of possibilities to use PRB technology were specified in the paper, as they may be helpful to decide whether this technology should be accepted or not in the first stages of the procedure.